Domestic policy
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Domestic policy, also known as internal policy, is a type of
Implementation
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The form of government of any particular state largely determines how its domestic policy is formed and implemented. Under authoritarian governments, a ruling group may pursue its domestic policy goals without the input or consent of the people being governed. But in parliamentary democratic societies, the will of citizens has a much greater influence.
In a democracy, the formal design of domestic policy is chiefly the responsibility of elected leaders, lawmaking bodies, and specialized government agencies. But a number of other factors also play a role in the process. Voters, for instance, determine which individuals and political parties have the power to determine policy. The mass media distribute, and opine, information about domestic issues and influence the beliefs and opinions of the people. Lobbyists, activist groups, and other organizations also work to influence policy through a variety of methods. Such methods may include monetary donations, promises of support, advertising campaigns, or demonstrations and protests.
The effectiveness of domestic policy depends on the government bureaucracy (system of agencies) that puts laws and programs into action. In some cases, bureaucracies act slowly or inefficiently, or fail to apply policies as they were originally intended. Domestic policy may also face challenges in the courts. In many countries, courts have the power of judicial review, which allows its judges to strike down any legislative or executive action that they find in violation of the policy's constitution.
Areas
Cultural policy
Cultural policy pertains to
Economic policy
Economic policy pertains to a country's economy and treasury. Monetary policy governs the supply of money and interest rates in a state, while fiscal policy governs how the state raises funds and decides how they are spent.[4] Developed nations typically have a central bank that regulates monetary policy semi-independently of political actors.[5] Tax policy, regulation, monetary systems, corporate law, public works, competition law, incomes policy, food policy, energy policy, and natural resource management are all policy areas governed by economic policy.
Social policy
Social policy pertains to the well-being of society and the response to societal challenges.[6] Civil and political rights, education policy, drug policy, health policy, housing policy, and public security are all policy areas governed by social policy.
References
- ^ Miller & Yudice 2002, p. 1.
- ^ Miller & Yudice 2002, p. 5.
- ^ Miller & Yudice 2002, p. 12.
- ^ Probasco, Jim. "Monetary policy and fiscal policy are the two main tools used to maintain a stable and balanced economy". Business Insider. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
- ^ "Public governance of central banks: an approach from new institutional economics" (PDF). The Bulletin of the Faculty of Commerce. 89 (4). March 2007.
- ^ Platt, Lucinda. "What is social policy?". The London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
Bibliography
- Miller, Toby; Yudice, George (2002). Cultural Policy. SAGE. ISBN 1446232905.
