Sergey Girinis

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Menshevik-Internationalist line. He later joined the Communist Party of Lithuania. After a prisoner exchange, he was based in Moscow and represented Lithuanian trade unions in the Red International of Labour Unions
(Profintern). Girinis was a prolific writer, authoring different works on political theory and history.

Early life

Raul Ginzburg was born on 10 April 1882 in Prisele [ru] village, Roslavlsky Uyezd, Smolensk Governorate.[1][4] After graduating from the Smolensk Gymnasium [ru] in 1900–1901, Ginzburg went on to study at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.[5] There he became involved in the revolutionary movement and he soon found himself expelled from the conservatory.[5][4]

In 1901, he went into exile in Geneva, Switzerland, where he continued his studies. In Geneva, he befriended Georgi Plekhanov,[5][4] who became a key political inspiration for Ginzburg.[4] Ginzburg joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.[5][4] In early 1902, Ginzburg returned to Russia (to Roslavl) and smuggled illegal Marxist literature.[5] He was arrested by the Czarist authorities in March 1902 for his political activities,[5] then exiled to eastern Siberia.[5]

Having spent almost three years in Siberia, Ginzburg returned to his home region by early 1905.

1905 Russian Revolution, Ginzburg was active in Bryansk and Roslavl.[5] He organized a trade union of printing-shop workers in Smolensk.[5] In 1907, he began his journalist career as editor of the newspaper Dneprovskaya Zarya ('Dniepr Dawn'). This newspaper was subsequently banned for its political content.[5]

Vilna decade

In 1911, he was expelled from Smolensk and shifted his residence to

Vilna.[5] In Vilna, he continued to be involved in organizing trade unions.[1] He worked at editorial offices of Severo-Zapadny Golos ('North-Western Voice'), Vechernyaya Gazeta ('Evening Newspaper'), and Veestnik Znaniya [ru] ('Herald of Knowledge').[5] In 1916, Ginzburg joined the United Social-Democrats (Internationalists), an organization that published and agitated against the German occupation authorities in Vilna.[5][4]

He eventually emerged as the leader of the Vilna organization of the

Petrograd to avoid persecution by the German military authorities.[5] In Petrograd, he contributed to the Bolshevik newspaper Severnaya Kommuna ('Northern Commune').[5]

As the

Vilna Soviet of Workers Deputies.[1] As Vilna was seized by Polish forces, he moved into underground activities.[5] At one point in the second half of 1919, he was captured by the Polish secret police, but he managed to escape from captivity.[5]

Girinis-Ginzburg (having adopted the name 'Girinis' the preceding year) joined the

Republic of Lithuania.[5] Between April and June 1920, he served as the secretary of the Central Bureau of Trade Unions of Lithuania. He was the main organizer of the first congress of the Lithuanian trade unions held in Kaunas.[1] In July 1920, he was arrested for having organized a general strike in the city and tried by a military tribunal.[5]

In Soviet Russia

Girinis was sent to Soviet Russia with the first exchange of political prisoners between

Central Committee.[2][10]

He wrote books seeking to popularize

Marxism-Leninism to wider audiences.[5] Girinis worked closely with the Lithuanian communist leader Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas. This cooperation was especially close in 1926–1927, as the two worked in the Baltic Sections of Profintern (Girinis) and Comintern (Kapsukas).[5]

During the 1930s Girinis held various positions. He continued to lead the Baltic Section of Profintern. He was active in party work in Moscow and Tashkent. He spent some time stationed at the Soviet representative office in Prague. He worked as instructor at the political department of the Moscow–Kazan Railway. Continuing his journalistic activities, he served as the head of the editorial departments of the newspapers Pravda, Trybuna Radziecka [pl] and Vechernyaya Moskva.[5]

Later life

During the

Second World War, Girinis was in charge of the Newspaper Information Bureau of the Moscow City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks).[5] In the aftermath of the war, Girinis taught at trade union and party schools, teaching history and trade union theory.[5]

Girinis was a prolific writer, authoring various books, articles, and pamphlets.[1] He wrote extensively on the history of labour and revolutionary movements in Lithuania in 1918–1921.[1][5] Between 1951 and 1954, he collaborated with the Institute for Party History of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania, gathering archival materials for history of labour and left-wing movements.[5]

Girinis died in Moscow on 8 September 1961.[1] He was survived by his daughter, Olga Sergeevna Rivkina.[11]

Bibliography

  • Ленин о национализме ('Lenin on Nationalism'), 1924
  • Ленин о религии ('Lenin on Religion'), 1924
  • Ленин об искусстве ('Lenin on Art'), 1924
  • Očerednoe izvraščenie marksizma: o "teorii" Enčmena ; sbornik statej, 1924
  • Ленин о сельском пролетариате ('Lenin on the Rural Proletariat'), 1925
  • Für den Leninismus ('For Leninism'), 1931

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lietuviškoji tarybinė enciklopedija, Volume 4. Mokslas, 1976. p. 103
  2. ^ a b c Lietuvos Komunistų partijos istorijos apybraiža: 1920-1940. Partijos istorijos institutas (Vilnius, Lithuania). Mintis, 1971. p. 111, 115, 648
  3. ^ Jonas Mačiulis. Lietuviškieji slapyvardžiai: Autoriai. Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka, 2004. p. 82
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Akimchenkov V. V.. “I HAVE EXPERIENCED ALL THE BEAUTIES OF RUSSIAN PRISONS”: MOISEI GINZBURG’S EXILE TO PINEGA. ЖУРНАЛ «ИСТОРИЯ: ФАКТЫ И СИМВОЛЫ». №3 (28) (2021) 176 стр.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Э. Гришкунайте. СЕРГЕЙ ГИРИНИС К 100 - летию со дня рождения. Коммунист, No. 4 (694) April 1982. pp. 99-101
  6. ^ Lietuvos istorijos metraštis, Volume 2004, Issue 1. Lietuvos TSR Mokslų akademija, istorijos institutas., 2005. p. 112
  7. ^ a b Bronius Vaitkevičius. Socialistinė revoliucija Lietuvoje 1918-1919 metais. Mintis, 1967. pp. 284-289
  8. ^ V. Kapsukas. PIRMOJI LIETUVOS PROLETARINĖ REVOLIUCIJA IR TARYBŲ VALDŽIA. "Vilnies" Spauda, 1934. p. 75
  9. ^ Mažoji lietuviškoji tarybinė enciklopedija, Vol. 3. Juozas Matulis. Mintis, 1966. p. 480
  10. ^ Zigmas Angarietis: straipsniai ir atsiminimai. Mintis,, 1982. p. 185
  11. ^ Ольга Сергеевна Ривкина. Пути неисповедимые. Прогресс-традиция, 2003
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