Seven readers

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The Seven readers (

Arabic: القراء السبعة) are seven Qāriʾs who mastered the Qira'at and historically transmitted the Quran recitations in an approved and confirmed manner.[1][2]

Presentation

The seven readers are the most famous

Quranic verses.[3][4]

They belong to the third class of recitation (

Arabic: طَبَقَاتُ الْقُرَّاءِ).[5]

History

There are ten recitations following different schools of qira'ates, each one deriving its name from a noted Quran reciter called qāriʾ.[6]

These ten qira'ates are issued from the original seven which are confirmed (mutawatir) (

Arabic: قِرَاءَاتٌ مُتَوَاتِرَةٌ) by these seven Quran readers who lived in the second and third century of Islam.[7]

It is the scholar Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid, who lived in the fourth century of Islam, who first approved of these seven qira'at, so that the actual versions of Quran readings transmitted to us are part of the system of qira'at consisting in a hierarchy passing from qira'ates to riwayates who have turuq or lines of transmission, and passed down to wujuh.[8]

The seven readings of the Qira'at were first limited and noted by Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid, who canonized them in the 8th century CE, in his book called Kitab al-Sab’ fil-qirā’āt.[9]

Before Ibn Mujāhid, there was Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam, who was the first to gather the recitations of the seven mutawatir reciters.[10]

In a poem with 1173 lines, the scholar Qasim ibn Firrū ibn Khalaf Al-Shatibi Al Andalusi, outlined the two most famous ways passed down from each of seven readers, whose title is Ash-Shatibiyyah [ar] and where he documented the rules of recitation of each one of these seven readers.[11]

In addition, the scholar

Arabic: طيبة النشر), dealing with these seven readings in great detail.[12]

Readers

The seven confirmed Qāriʾs in the recitations are in chronological order by birth year:[13][14]

  1. Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi (640 - 736 CE).[15]
  2. Ibn Kathir al-Makki (665 - 737 CE).[16][17]
  3. Nafiʽ al-Madani (689 - 785 CE).[18][19]
  4. Abu Amr of Basra (689 - 771 CE).[20]
  5. Hamzah az-Zaiyyat (699 - 772 CE).[21]
  6. Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud (700 - 745 CE).[22]
  7. Al-Kisa'i (737 - 805 CE).[23][24]

Rouwates

Each of the seven readers had disciples called Rouwates (

Arabic: رِوَايَة).[25]

The Rawi (

Arabic: طَرِيق) or Ways.[26]

Theologians have counted a number approaching the 850 validated and confirmed Tourouq of Quranic recitation.[27]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9782745129314
    .
  2. ISBN 9782745169334
    .
  3. ISBN 9782745149695
    .
  4. ISBN 9782745139870
    .
  5. ISBN 9782745166814
    .
  6. ^ Suyūṭī (1857). "الاتقان في علوم القرآن للسيوطي".
  7. ISBN 9782745161956
    .
  8. ISBN 9782745136954
    .
  9. ISBN 9782745166753
    .
  10. ^ kf1sDwAAQBAJ
  11. ISBN 9782745130105
    .
  12. ISBN 9782745163004
    .
  13. ISBN 9782745100023
    .
  14. ISBN 9782745130648
    .
  15. ISBN 9796500040301
    .
  16. ISBN 9782745163769
    – via Google Books.
  17. ISBN 9782745163752
    – via Google Books.
  18. ISBN 9782745187086
    – via Google Books.
  19. ^ "الحجة للقراء السبعة - ج 1 - الفاتحة - البقرة 30". IslamKotob – via Google Books.
  20. ISBN 9782745132543
    – via Google Books.
  21. ISBN 9782745145727
    – via Google Books.
  22. ISBN 9796500325675
    – via Google Books.
  23. ISBN 9782745135018
    – via Google Books.
  24. ^ "الاتقان في علوم القرآن للسيوطي". Asiatic Society of Bengal. January 2, 1857 – via Google Books.
  25. ISBN 9782745114518
    – via Google Books.
  26. ISBN 9782745106445
    – via Google Books.
  27. ISBN 9782745166807
    – via Google Books.
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