Sharp-tailed streamcreeper
Sharp-tailed streamcreeper | |
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In São Paulo, Brazil | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Furnariidae |
Genus: | Lochmias Swainson, 1827 |
Species: | L. nematura
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Binomial name | |
Lochmias nematura (
Lichtenstein, MHC , 1823) | |
Subspecies | |
See text | |
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper (Lochmias nematura) is a
Taxonomy and systematics
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper is the only member of its genus and has these six subspecies:[2]
- L. n. nelsoni Aldrich, 1945
- L. n. chimantae Phelps, WH & Phelps, WH Jr, 1947
- L. n. castanonotus Chubb, C, 1918
- L. n. sororius Cabanis, 1873
- L. n. obscuratus Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873
- L. n. nematura (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
Subspecies L. n. obscuratus might be a separate species, but this idea is complicated by L. n. sororius, whose characteristics are intermediate between obscuratus and the
Description
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper is 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) long and weighs 20 to 38 g (0.71 to 1.3 oz). It is a rather dark
The other subspecies of the sharp-tailed streamcreeper differ from the nominate and each other thus:[7]
- L. n. obscuratus, little or no supercilium, duller brown less reddish back, throat and breast darker with oblong or diamond-shaped spots, belly and flanks darker and unspotted
- L. n. sororius, back and rump color more reddish than obscuratus' but less than nominate's, underparts' pattern also intermediate between them
- L. n. nelsoni, darker less rufescent upperparts and more grayish underparts with less spotting than nominate
- L. n. chimantae, much like nominate with darker, more brownish back
- L. n. castanonotus, chestnut-brown upperparts, less spotting and streaking on underparts than nominate
Distribution and habitat
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper has several widely separated ranges. The subspecies are found thus:[2][7]
- L. n. nelsoni: individual mountains in far eastern Panama's Darién Province
- L. n. chimantae: tepui region of Venezuela's Amazonas and Bolívar states
- L. n. castanonotus: southeastern Venezuela and adjoining western Guyana
- L. n. sororius: Venezuelan Coastal Range; all three Andean branches in Colombia south in the Andes through Ecuador into Peru as far as Department of San Martín
- L. n. obscuratus: Andes from Peru's Department of Huánuco south through Bolivia into northwestern Argentina's Jujuy and Salta provinces
- L. n. nematura: Brazil from Mato Grosso to Bahia and south through eastern Paraguay into northeastern Argentina to Entre Ríos Province and much of Uruguay
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper was first seen in Guyana in 2002 and a specimen was collected there in 2004. It is not positively known which of the Venezuelan subspecies the Guyanese records belong to, though they are attributed to L. n. castanonotus.[8][7]
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper is always found near streams and small rivers with dense undergrowth. In the mountains of Panama and Venezuela and south through the Andes it inhabits montane evergreen forest at elevations between 700 and 2,800 m (2,300 and 9,200 ft). In its southeastern range it inhabits lowland evergreen forest and mature secondary forest.[7][9][10][11][12]
Behavior
Movement
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.[7]
Feeding
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper's diet includes a wide variety of arthropods and also tadpoles; there is a record of one eating an adult frog. It forages singly or in pairs, walking and hopping on the ground, among leaf litter and moss on rocks, and shallow streambeds to glean, probe, and toss aside leaves for prey.[7][13][10][11]
Breeding
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper's breeding season has not been fully defined. In Venezuela it nests during the wet season; in southeastern Brazil the nesting season includes September. The species is believed to be monogamous. Its nest is a ball of roots and twigs with a lining of leaves constructed in a chamber at the end of a tunnel in an earthen bank. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.[7]
Vocalization
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper's song appears to vary little among its disjunct populations. The song is "a series of dry notes that gradually accelerate and ascend, then stay on same pitch, then descend abruptly". Its calls have been written as "sea-sick", "seesee-sik", "tsiterit", and "tsitit". Its alarm call is "chet-chet-chet".[7][12]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ^ a b c Check-list of North American Birds (7th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union. 1998.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Remsen, Jr., J. V., A. Bonan, and E. de Juana (2020). Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper (Lochmias nematura), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.shtstr1.01 retrieved August 23, 2023
- ^ O'Shea, B.J.; Milensky, Christopher M.; Claramunt, Santiago; Schmidt, Brian K.; Gebhard, Christina A.; Schmitt, C. Gregory & Erskine, Kristine T. (2007): New records for Guyana, with description of the voice of Roraiman Nightjar Caprimulgus whitelyi. Bull. B.O.C. 127(2): 118–128. PDF fulltext
- ^ Salaman, Paul G.W.; Stiles, F. Gary; Bohórquez, Clara Isabel; Álvarez-R., Mauricio; Umaña, Ana María; Donegan, Thomas M. & Cuervo, Andrés M. (2002): New and noteworthy bird records from the east slope of the andes of Colombia. Caldasia 24(1): 157–189. PDF fulltext
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
Further reading
- Meyer de Schauensee, Rodolphe & Phelps, William H. (1978): A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press.
- Ridgely, Robert S. & Gwynne, John A. (1989) A Guide to the Birds of Panama with Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. Princeton University Press.
External links
- Sharp-tailed streamcreeper photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)