Soft infrastructure
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Soft infrastructure is all the services which are required to maintain the economic, health, and cultural and social standards of a population, as opposed to the
emergency services
.
The essence of soft infrastructure is the delivery of specialised services to people. Unlike much of the service sector of the economy, the delivery of those services depends on highly developed systems and large specialised facilities, fleets of specialised vehicles or institutions.[1][2][3]
Governance
- The system of company registries, land registration, and maintenance of other government databases.
- , including specialised vehicles, buildings, communications and dispatching systems
- fortifications, specialised arms manufacturing, strategic reserves
Economic
- The financial and economic system, including the accountingstandards and regulations
- Major business warehouses as well as warehousing and shipping management systems
- standards organisations
- fisheries infrastructure, including specialised food and livestock transportation and storage facilities, major feedlots, agricultural price support systems (including agricultural insurance), agricultural health standards, food inspection, experimental farms and agricultural research centres and schools, the system of licensing and quota management, enforcement systems against poaching, forest wardens, and fire fighting
Social
- The health care system, including hospitals, the financing of health care, including health insurance, the systems for regulation and testing of medications and medical procedures, the system for training, inspection and professional discipline of doctors and other medical professionals, public health monitoring and regulations, as well as coordination of measures taken during public health emergencies such as epidemics
- The educational and research system, including elementary and secondary schools, universities, specialised colleges, research institutions, the systems for financing and accrediting educational institutions
- Social welfaresystems, including both government support and private charity for the poor, for people in distress or victims of abuse.
Cultural, sports and recreational
- Sports and recreational infrastructure, such as parks, sports facilities, the system of sports leagues and associations
- Cultural infrastructure, such as concert halls, museums, libraries, theatres, studios (film studios and recording studios), and specialised training facilities
- Business travel and tourism infrastructure, including both man-made and natural attractions, convention centres, hotels, restaurants, amusement parks, and other services that cater mainly to tourists and business travellers, as well as the systems for informing and attracting tourists, and travel insurance
References
- ^ "Soft Infrastructure - Definition". www.opendb.net. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). 129.3.20.41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.cato.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2004. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "From Antu to Yepun — The Construction of the VLT". ESO Picture of the Week. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
Bibliography
- Larry W. Beeferman, "Pension Fund Investment in Infrastructure: A Resource Paper", Capital Matter (Occasional Paper Series), No.3 December 2008
- A. Eberhard, "Infrastructure Regulation in Developing Countries", PPIAF Working Paper No. 4 (2007) World Bank
- M. Nicolas J. Firzli & Vincent Bazi, “Infrastructure Investments in an Age of Austerity : The Pension and Sovereign Funds Perspective”, published jointly in Revue Analyse Financière, Q4 2011 issue, pp. 34– 37 and USAK/JTW July 30, 2011 (online edition)
- Georg Inderst, "Pension Fund Investment in Infrastructure", OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 32 (2009)
- Ascher, Kate; researched by Wendy Marech (2007). The works: anatomy of a city (Reprint. ed.). New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0143112709.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Hayes, Brian (2005). Infrastructure: the book of everything for the industrial landscape (1st ed.). New York City: Norton. ISBN 978-0393329599.
- Huler, Scott (2010). On the grid: a plot of land, an average neighborhood, and the systems that make our world work. Emmaus, Penn.: Rodale. ISBN 978-1-60529-647-0.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Infrastructure.
Look up infrastructure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.