Sooty-fronted spinetail
Sooty-fronted spinetail | |
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At São Paulo State , Brazil
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Furnariidae |
Genus: | Synallaxis |
Species: | S. frontalis
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Binomial name | |
Synallaxis frontalis Pelzeln, 1859
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The sooty-fronted spinetail (Synallaxis frontalis) is a species of
Taxonomy and systematics
The sooty-fronted spinetail's taxonomy is unsettled. The
This article follows the no-subspecies model.
Description
The sooty-fronted spinetail is 14 to 16 cm (5.5 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 11 to 17 g (0.39 to 0.60 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a thin brownish line through the eye on an otherwise brownish gray face. Their forecrown ("front") is dark gray-brown, their hindcrown and nape dark rufous, and their back, rump and uppertail
Distribution and habitat
The sooty-fronted spinetail is found from northeastern Brazil (Maranhão to Rio Grande do Norte) southwest in a wide swath through Brazil, eastern Bolivia, most of Paraguay, essentially all of Uruguay, and into Argentina to northern Buenos Aires Province. It inhabits a variety of semi-open landscapes such as gallery forest, the edges of scrubby or deciduous forest, thorn-scrub, woodlands, and bushy savanna.[5][6][7]
Behavior
Movement
The sooty-fronted spinetail is a year-round resident in most of its range, though the farthest southern sub-population might make some northern movement after the breeding season.[5]
Feeding
The sooty-fronted spinetail's diet is not known in detail but includes beetles. It usually forages in pairs, apparently gleaning prey from foliage and small branches and sometimes the ground. It usually stays below about 2 m (7 ft) of the ground.[5]
Breeding
The sooty-fronted spinetail breeds in the austral spring and summer. It is thought to be monogamous. Its nest is a globe of thorny twigs with an entrance tube at the side and an inner chamber lined with dead leaves, moss, feathers, and other soft materials. It is usually place in a thorny bush within about 2.5 m (8 ft) of the ground but sometimes as high as 4 m (13 ft). The clutch size is three to four eggs. The incubation period is 15 to 16 days; the time to fledging and details of parental care are not known.[5]
Vocalization
What appears to be the sooty-fronted spinetail's song is variously described as " 'ka-kwee-éék', 'ka-kweek', 'pi-whéé', or 'ja-coo-éé' "[5], a "very high 2-noted 'du-Twee' "[6], and "a slow, deliberate teeoopooee"[7]>!-- -->. This vocalization is often given for long periods.[5] It also makes a " 'sew-kli' or 'chi-cli', and [a] ated nasal 'hoint'or 'hoít' ".[5]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
- ^ Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 28, 2023
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Sooty-fronted Spinetail (Synallaxis frontalis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sofspi1.01 retrieved December 5, 2023
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
- ^ ISBN 0691090351.