South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
In the south-west Indian Ocean, tropical cyclones form south of the equator and west of 90° E to the coast of Africa.
Warnings and nomenclature
In 1946, Réunion's first airstrip opened, then called Gillot, and now called
The
If a tropical storm in the basin strengthens to attain 10 minute sustained winds of at least 118 km/h (73 mph), the MFR classifies it as a
History of the basin
The first storm in the MFR database of the basin originated on January 11, 1848. In January 1960, the first
Statistics
From the 1980–81 to the 2010–11 season, there was an average of 9.3 tropical storms each year in the basin. A tropical storm has 10-minute winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph). There are an average of five storms that become tropical cyclones, which have 10-minute winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph).[9] As of 2002, there was an average of 54 days when tropical systems were active in the basin, of which 20 had tropical cyclones active, or a system with winds of over 120 km/h (75 mph). The median start date for the season was November 17, and the median end date was April 20.[1]
Climatology
Generally, the
In an average year, ten tropical depressions or storms strike Madagascar, and most generally do not cause much damage.[12] Occasionally, storms or their remnants enter the interior of southeastern Africa, bringing heavy rainfall to Zimbabwe.[13]
Seasons
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
|
Before 1900
1900–1950
1950–1959
1959
Season | TD | TC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1959–1960 | 6 | 8 | Carol | 48 |
1960s
Season | TD | TC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960–1961 | 6 | 1 | Doris | |||
1961–1962 | 14 | 5 | Daisy Maud |
|||
1962–1963 | 10 | 4 | TC Delia | |||
1963–1964 | 12 | 4 | ITC Giselle | |||
1964–1965 | 14 | 1 | TC Freda | |||
1965–1966 | 17 | 5 | ITC Ivy | 3 | ||
1966–1967 | 13 | 2 | TC Gilberte | |||
1967–1968 | 8 | 4 | ITC Georgette ITC Janine |
38 | ||
1968–1969 | 8 | 4 | TC Dany TC Helene |
82 | ||
1969–1970 | 13 | 8 | VITC Jane | 30 |
1970s
Season | TD | MTS | TC | ITC | VITC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970–1971 | 16 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 0 | ITC Maggie-Muriel | 32 | ||
1971–1972 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ITC Fabienne | 7 | ||
1972–1973 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | VITC Lydie | 11 | ||
1973–1974 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | TC Deidre-Delinda | |||
1974–1975 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | TC Gervaise | 9 | ||
1975–1976 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ITC Terry-Danae | |||
1976–1977 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ITC Jack-Io | 301 | ||
1977–1978 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ITC Aurore | 2 | ||
1978–1979 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | ITC Celine | 74 | ||
1979–1980 | 11 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 0 | ITC Viola-Claudette | 30 |
1980s
Season | TD | MTS | TC | ITC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980–81 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | VITC Florine | |||
1981–82 | 14 | 10 | 5 | 2 | ITC Chris-Damia | 100 | $250 million | |
1982–83 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | STS Bemany and Elinah | 33 | $23 million | |
1983–84 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 4 | ITC Andry, Bakoly, Annette-Jaminy, and Kamisy | 356 | $496 million | |
1984–85 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 0 | TC Helisaonina | 0 | Unknown | |
1985–86 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 1 | ITC Erinesta | 99 | $150 million | |
1986–87 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | TC Daodo | 10 | $2 million | |
1987–88 | 11 | 11 | 4 | 1 | ITC Gasitao | 100 | $10 million | |
1988–89 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 0 | TC Leon-Hanitra and Krissy | 11 | $217 million | |
1989–90 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | ITC Walter-Gregoara | 46 | $1.5 million |
1990s
Season | TD | MTS | TC | ITC | VITC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–91 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | TC Bella | 88 | ||
1991–92 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ITC Harriet-Heather | 2 | ||
1992–93 | 18 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 0 | ITC Edwina | 20 | [A 1][14] | |
1993–94 | 18 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 0 | ITC Geralda | 558 | ||
1994–95 | 20 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 0 | ITC Marlene | [15] | ||
1995–96 | 21 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 0 | ITC Bonita | 11 | [16] | |
1996–97 | 21 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 0 | ITC Daniella | 311 | $50 million | |
1997–98 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | TC Anacelle | 88 | ||
1998–99 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ITC Evrina | 2 | ||
1999–00 |
14 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 1 | VITC Hudah | 1,073 | $800 million | The second deadliest season on record.[17] |
167 | 97 | 41 | 21 | 1 | Hudah | 2,153 | ≥$850 million |
2000s
Season | TD | MTS | TC | ITC | VITC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000–01 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | ITC Ando | 4 | [A 1][18] | |
2001–02 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 1 | VITC Hary | 52 | $287 million | [19] |
2002–03 | 14 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 0 | ITC Kalunde | 169 | $6.7 million | [A 1] |
2003–04 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | VITC Gafilo | 396 | $250 million | Fourth deadliest season on record, also features the most intense storm in the basin, Gafilo.[20][21] |
2004–05 | 18 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 1 | VITC Juliet | 253 | [21] | |
2005–06 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | ITC Carina | 75 | [22][23] | |
2006–07 | 15 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 0 | ITC Dora and Favio | 188 | $337 million | [A 1][23] |
2007–08 | 15 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 0 | ITC Hondo | 123 | $38.1 million | [23] |
2008–09 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ITC Fanele and Gael | 30 | [24] | |
2009–10 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1 | VITC Edzani | 40 | [A 1][24][25] | |
144 | 97 | 52 | 34 | 4 | Gafilo | 1,339 | ≥$919 million |
2010s
Season | TD | MTS | TC | ITC | VITC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010–11 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | TC Bingiza | 34 | [A 1][26] | |
2011–12 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 0 | ITC Funso | 164 | [A 1][26] | |
2012–13 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | ITC Felleng | 35 | $46 million | |
2013–14 | 15 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 2 | VITC Hellen | 11 | $89.2 million | |
2014–15 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | VITC Bansi | 111 | $46.4 million | |
2015–16 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | VITC Fantala | 13 | $4.5 million | Features the strongest storm by windspeed recorded in the basin, Fantala.[27] |
2016–17 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ITC Enawo | 341 | $137 million | |
2017–18 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | ITC Cebile | 108 | $38.2 million | |
2018–19 | 15 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 0 | ITC Kenneth | 1,672 | ≥$3.65 billion | Most active, costliest, and deadliest season on record |
2019–20 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | VITC Ambali | 45 | $25 million | |
112 | 89 | 49 | 32 | 6 | Fantala | 2,244 | ≥$2.7 billion |
2020s
Season | TD | MTS | TC | ITC | VITC | Strongest storm |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Notes and References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020–21 | 16 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 2 | VITC Habana |
56 | $11 million | Features two very intense tropical cyclones named in the basin. Record third consecutive season for a storm to develop before the official start (Alicia). |
2021–22 | 13 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 0 | ITC Batsirai | 376 | >$312 million | Latest start to an SWIO season, fifth deadliest season, and second costliest season |
2022–23 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 2 | VITC Darian | 1,483 | Features two very intense tropical cyclones named in the Australian Region. Features Freddy, the longest lasting tropical cyclone ever recorded. Third deadliest season. | |
2023–24 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 0 | ITC Djoungou | 25 | ||
48 | 41 | 21 | 12 | 4 | Darian | 1,937 | >$323 million |
See also
- Tropical cyclone
- Atlantic hurricane season
- Pacific hurricane season
- Pacific typhoon season
- North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
- Australian region tropical cyclone
- South Pacific tropical cyclone
- South Atlantic tropical cyclone
- Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
Notes
References
- ^ a b c "Cyclone Season 2001–2002". RSMC La Reunion. Meteo-France. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
- ^ a b Philippe Caroff; et al. (June 2011). Operational procedures of TC satellite analysis at RSMC La Reunion (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
- ^ "Aéroport de la Réunion Roland Garros".
- ^ Isabelle Mayer Jouanjean (2011). Lîle de La Réunion sous l'œil du cyclone au XXéme siécle (PDF) (Report) (in French). Université de la Réunion.
- ^ Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. p. iii, 218, 240. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
- ^ Chris Landsea (2006-04-21). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Frequently Asked Questions. Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
- ^ Chris Landsea (2001-07-15). "Subject: A1) What is a hurricane, typhoon, or tropical cyclone?". Frequently Asked Questions. Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
- ^ a b c Philippe Caroff (October 23, 2015). Review of recent (2012-2015) main activities and achievements at RSMC La Reunion (docx). Eighth tropical cyclone technical coordination meeting (TCM-8). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- ^ Chris Landsea; Sandy Delgado (2014-05-01). "Subject: E10) What are the average, most, and least tropical cyclones occurring in each basin?". Frequently Asked Questions. Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
- S2CID 130753010.
- ^ "June 2004 Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary". Gary Padgett. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
- ^ Cyclone Rehabilitation Project (PDF) (Report). World Bank. 1992-05-11. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
- ^ A. Mhizha; M. Musariri; E. Madamombe; Tererai (2012-01-23). Preliminary Water Resources Assessment for the Limpopo River Basin (PDF) (Report). University of Zimbabwe. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-05.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1992–1993 (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1994–1995 (Report). MeteoFrance. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1995–1996 (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1999–2000 (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2000–2001 (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2001–2002 (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2003–2004 (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ a b RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean (2006-06-16). RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean Seventeenth Session (PDF) (Final Report). World Meteorological Organisation. pp. 30–32. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ RSMC La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2005–2006 (Report). Meteo-France. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ a b c RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean (2010-09-15). RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean Eighteenth Session (PDF) (Final Report). World Meteorological Organisation. p. 31. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ a b RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean (August 3, 2011). RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean Nineteenth Session (PDF) (Final Report). World Meteorological Organisation. pp. 5–8. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ Padgett, Gary (1997–2011). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summaries". Archived from the original on February 18, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2012. Alt URL
- ^ a b RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean (December 3, 2012). RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean Twentieth Session (PDF) (Final Report). World Meteorological Organisation. pp. 2, 7, 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
- ^ $4.5 million in damages from cyclone that hit remote Seychellois island, World Bank says (Seychelles News Agency, May 17, 2016)