Soyuz TM-11

Soyuz TM-11
COSPAR ID	1990-107A
SATCAT no.	20981
Mission duration	175 days, 1 hour, 50 minutes, 41 seconds
Orbits completed	~2,735
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Soyuz 7K-STM No. 61
Spacecraft type	NPO Energia
Launch mass	7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb)
Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Viktor Afanasyev; Musa Manarov
Launching	Toyohiro Akiyama
Landing	Helen Sharman
Callsign	Дербе́нт (Derbent)
Start of mission
Launch date	2 December 1990, 08:13:32 UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U2
End of mission
Landing date	26 May 1991, 10:04:13 UTC
Landing site	near Dzhezkazgan
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	367 kilometres (228 mi)
Apogee altitude	400 kilometres (250 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Period	92.2 minutes
Docking with Mir
Docking date	4 December 1990, 09:57:09 UTC
Undocking date	26 May 1991, 06:15:59 UTC
	Soyuz programme; (Crewed missions) ← Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-12 →

Soyuz TM-11 was the eleventh expedition to the Russian

Tokyo Broadcasting System.^[1]

Crew


Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Viktor Afanasyev First spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Musa Manarov Second spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Toyohiro Akiyama First spaceflight Reporter	Helen Sharman, Project Juno First spaceflight

Mission highlights

Soyuz TM-11 was the 11th expedition to

Tokyo Broadcasting System, the spacecraft's launch shroud and its Soyuz booster were painted with the Japanese flag and advertisements for Sony, Unicharm, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical

. A camera inside the descent module filmed the cosmonauts during ascent for Akiyama's network.

Viktor Afanaseyev, Musa Manarov (on his second Mir visit), and Toyohiro Akiyama were welcomed aboard Mir by Soviet cosmonauts. Akiyama's network paid for the flight. The Soviets called this their first commercial spaceflight and claimed to have earned $14 million. The journalist was scheduled to make one 10-min TV broadcast and two 20-min radio broadcasts each day. Electrical power and video and TV system incompatibilities forced the Japanese to make extensive use of converters. His equipment, which weighed about 170 kg, was delivered by Progress-M spacecraft and set up in advance by Manakov and Strekalov. On December 5 Akiyama's couch was transferred to Soyuz-TM 10. On December 8 Manakov and Strekalov commenced loading Soyuz-TM 10's descent module with film and experiment results. TBS broadcast Akiyama's landing live from Kazakhstan.

References

^ The mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm11.htm

[1] The mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm11.htm

[1]

v t e Human spaceflights to Mir
1986–1990	Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11
1991–1995	Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-14 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74
1996–2000	Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

v t e ← 1989 Orbital launches in 1990 1991 →
January	Skynet 4A, JCSAT-2 STS-32 (Leasat 5) Kosmos 2055 Kosmos 2056 Webersat, LUSat Molniya-3 No.53L Hiten, Hagoromo USA-50) Kosmos 2057 Kosmos 2058
February	Zhongxing 3 Kosmos 2059 Momo 1b, Orizuru, Fuju 1b Soyuz TM-9 USA-51, USA-52 Gran' No.35L Superbird B, BS 2x Nadezhda No.405 Okean-O1 No.5 USA-53 ) Progress M-3
March	Intelsat 603 Kosmos 2060 Kosmos 2061 Kosmos 2062 USA-54 Kosmos 2063
April	Ofek-2 Unnamed Pegsat, USA-55 Kosmos 2064, Kosmos 2065, Kosmos 2066, Kosmos 2067, Kosmos 2068, Kosmos 2069, Kosmos 2070, Kosmos 2071 AsiaSat 1 USA-56, USA-57, USA-58 Foton No.6L Kosmos 2072 Palapa B2R Kosmos 2073 Kosmos 2074 STS-31 (Hubble) Kosmos 2075 Molniya-1 No.71 Kosmos 2076
May	Progress 42 Kosmos 2077 MacSat 1, MacSat 2 Kosmos 2078 Kosmos 2079, Kosmos 2080, Kosmos 2081 Kosmos 2082 Resurs-F1 No.50 Kristall
June	ROSAT USA-59, USA-60, USA-61, USA-62 INSAT-1D Molniya 3 No.47L Kosmos 2083 Gorizont No.30L Kosmos 2084 Intelsat 604 Meteor-2 No.23
July	Unnamed Gamma Badr-1, Optus-MFS Resurs-F2 No.5 Kosmos 2085 Kosmos 2086 TDF 2, DFS Kopernikus 2 Kosmos 2087 CRRES Kosmos 2088
August	Soyuz TM-10 USA-63 Kosmos 2089 Kosmos 2090, Kosmos 2091, Kosmos 2092, Kosmos 2093, Kosmos 2094, Kosmos 2095 Ekran-M No.14L Molniya-1T No.68 Progress M-4 Resurs-F1 No.49 Marco Polo 2 Kosmos 2096 Kosmos 2097 Yuri 3a Kosmos 2098 Skynet 4C, Eutelsat II F-1 Kosmos 2099
September	Fengyun I-02, Qiqiuweixing 1, Qiqiuweixing 2 Resurs-F1 No.51 Kosmos 2100 Molniya-3 No.54L Progress M-5 Meteor-2 No.25
October	Kosmos 2101 USA-64 Unnamed FSW-1 No.3 STS-41 (Ulysses) Westar 6S Kosmos 2102 Inmarsat-2F1
November	Gorizont No.32L USA-65 Kosmos 2103 STS-38 (USA-67, Prowler) Kosmos 2104 Kosmos 2105 Satcom C1, GStar 4 Molniya 1T No.70 Gorizont No.33L USA-66 Kosmos 2106
December	USA-68 STS-35 Soyuz TM-11 Kosmos 2107 Kosmos 2108 Kosmos 2109, Kosmos 2110, Kosmos 2111 Kosmos 2112 Gran' No.37L Kosmos 2113 Kosmos 2114, Kosmos 2115, Kosmos 2116, Kosmos 2117, Kosmos 2118, Kosmos 2119 Kosmos 2120 Globus No.12
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). CubeSats are smaller. Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).