Hashim ibn Abd Manaf: Difference between revisions
Extended confirmed users 17,440 edits |
Extended confirmed users 17,440 edits No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf''' ({{lang-ar|هاشم بن عبد مناف}}; |
'''Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf''' ({{lang-ar|هاشم بن عبد مناف}}; ca. 464 – 497) was the great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] and the progenitor of the [[Banu Hashim]] clan of the distinguished [[Quraysh (tribe)|Quraish]] tribe in [[Mecca]]. |
||
His name was 'Amr al-ʻUlā ({{lang-ar|عمرو العلا}}) but he was given the nickname ''Hashim'' which translates as ''pulverizer'' in Arabic - because he initiated the practice of providing crumbled [[bread]] in [[broth]] for the [[pilgrim]]s to the [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] in [[Mecca]]. |
His name was 'Amr al-ʻUlā ({{lang-ar|عمرو العلا}}) but he was given the nickname ''Hashim'' which translates as ''pulverizer'' in Arabic - because he initiated the practice of providing crumbled [[bread]] in [[broth]] for the [[pilgrim]]s to the [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] in [[Mecca]]. |
||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
=== Family === |
=== Family === |
||
His father was |
His father was Abd Manaf ibn Qusai who was a descendant of [[Islamic_view_of_Ishmael#Islamic_view|Isma'il]] and thus [[Islamic view of Abraham|Ibrahim]]. His mother was [[Atikah bint Murrah|ʻĀtikah bint Murrah ibn Hilāl ibn Fālij ibn Dhakwān]]. Hashim had two full brothers, the elder was 'Abd Shams and younger was [[Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf|Muttalib]] who would succeed him, and half-brother [[Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf|Nawfal]] whose mother was Waqida bint Amr. |
||
He at least five wives and eight children. His first three wives were his mother Hubbah's niece [[Qaylah bint Amr|Qaylah (or Hind) bint Amr ibn Malik]] of the [[Banu Khuza'a]], [[Halah bint Amr|Halah (Hind) bint Amr ibn Thalabah al-Khazrajiyah]], and a woman from the [[Banu Quda'a]], the people of [[Qusai ibn Kilab|Qusai]]’s stepfather who had been so supportive of his cause. For his fourth wife he married one of his father’s widow, [[Waqida bint Amr|Waqida bint Amr (Abu Adiy) al-Maziniyyah]], the mother of his half-brother Nawfal. His fifth wife was [[Salma bint Amr]], a woman from [[Yathrib]] who was one of the most influential women of the [[Banu Khazraj]] tribe and the daughter of 'Amr of [[Banu Najjar]] clan. |
|||
He married [[Salma bint Amr]], a woman from [[Medina]] who was one of the most influential women of the [[Banu Khazraj]] tribe and the daughter of 'Amr of [[Banu Najjar]] clan. His sons were; [[Asad ibn Hashim|Asad]] ([[Ali]]'s maternal grandfather), Abu Saifi, Nadla, [[Shaiba ibn Hashim|Shaiba]] (more commonly known as ʻAbd al-Muṭṭalib), the paternal grandfather of [[Muhammad]]. His daughters were; Ash-Shifa, Khalida, Da'ifa, Ruqayyah, Jannah. |
|||
By Qaylah, he had a son [[Asad ibn Hashim|Asad]] ([[Ali]]'s maternal grandfather). By Halah he had the son Abu Saifi, and daughter Hayyah (or Hannah). By Waqida he had the daughters Khalidah and Da'ifa. By the Quda’a woman he had the son Nadla (or Nadh) and daughter Ash-Shifa. By Salma he had [[Shaiba ibn Hashim|Shaiba]] (more commonly known as ʻAbd al-Muṭṭalib), the paternal grandfather of [[Muhammad]] and a daughter, Ruqayyah. There was another son Sayfayyah and another daughter Jannah.<ref>[http://www.ruqaiyyah.karoo.net/articles/prophfamily4.htm Life of the Prophet, The Prophet’s Family Line No. 4 – Amr (Hashim), the Founder of the Hashimites, Sr. Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood]</ref> |
|||
=== Religious views === |
=== Religious views === |
||
Revision as of 10:48, 14 August 2011
Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf (
His name was 'Amr al-ʻUlā (
Biography
Birth
Hashim and
History
Hashim was clearly the foremost man of his day, and demanded that the rights be transferred from the clan of
The two sides had even got so far as agreeing to go outside the sanctuary of the sacred area in order to battle it out, when a compromise was at last reached, feeling rose so high that the women of the clan of 'Abd Manaf brought a bowl of rich perfume with nutmeg powder and placed it beside the Ka'bah; and Hashim and his brothers and all their allies dipped their hands in it and swore a solemn oath of allegiance that they would never abandon one another, rubbing their scented hands over the stone of the Ka'aba in confirmation of their pact. Thus it was that this group of clans were known as the ‘Hilf al-Mutayyabun’ or 'Alliance of the Scented Ones'. Their rivals The allies of Abd ad-Dar likewise swore an oath of union, and also organised themselves into a pact and became known as the ‘Hilf al-Ahlaf’ or ‘Alliance of the Confederates’. The Confederates were left in control of the charity tax and the food and drink for pilgrims, and the Scented Ones had the keys to the Ka’bah and the running of the House of Assembly.[2] Therefore the sons of 'Abd Manaf should have the rights of levying the tax and providing for the pilgrims with food and drink, whereas the sons of Abd ad-Dar should retain the keys of the Ka'bah and their rights, and that their house should continue to be the House of Assembly. Hashim's brothers agreed that he should have the responsibility of providing for the pilgrims.[3]
Hashim was accepted as the overall leader, with the responsibility of providing for the pilgrims in the Ka’aba precincts, with the support of his brothers 'Abd Shams and Muttalib, and his half-brother Nawfal. The only person who challenged Hashim’s authority was Umayyah, the son of his brother 'Abd Shams, but he had no real support and shifted to live out his life in Syria. Makkah became the acknowledged capital of Arabia, and markets were established around the city to deal with all the business.[4]
Legacy
Hashim was held in much honour, both at home and abroad. It was Amr who first realised the potential for his family of taking part in the lucrative trade between Syria and Egypt that passed through Arabia. Trading was the most important means of livelihood for the inhabitants of Mecca, a barren ‘valley without cultivation’.
He initiated and established the two great trade caravan journeys of Quraish from Mecca, the Caravan of Winter to
He commenced by going in person to Aden in Yemen to meet the ships coming from India, purchased the stock and transported it first to Mecca and then on to Syria, Gaza or Egypt. There he bought up goods of local manufacture and brought them back to Mecca, mainly selling them at the various Arab markets and fairs. Thus, the Quraish engaged in trade in Yemen, Syria and Ankara which allowed them to flourish economically. The Quraysh were so respected and popular that they felt no fears for their caravans being robbed or harmed along the way, and the various tribes did not even attempt to charge them the usual heavy transit taxes they demanded from other caravans[6]
He was generous to a fault, and it was his practical compassion in one year of drought that earned him his famous nickname of "Hashim", ‘the Crusher’. This was not for crushing or oppressing anyone, but because when the people were starving and emaciated he provided food at his own expense for the entire population of Mecca, personally fetching an immense stock of flour from Syria by camel-caravan, then slaughtering the camels and crushing the bread and meat to provide a soup-kitchen for his people. His descendants are still proudly called
Death
According to Idris Imaduddin, an established historian, he died while returning from a business tour to Syria in Gaza, Palestine in 497. His business passed to none of his sons, but to his brothers, the sons of Atikah bint Murrah.[citation needed]
Family
His father was Abd Manaf ibn Qusai who was a descendant of
He at least five wives and eight children. His first three wives were his mother Hubbah's niece
By Qaylah, he had a son
Religious views
Hashim is believed to be a
See also
Further reading
- Rulers of Mecca
- http://al-islam.org/restatement/4.htm
References
- ^ The Life of the Prophet Muhammad: Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya By Ibn Kathir, Trevor Le Gassick, Muneer Fareed, pg. 132
- ^ Ibn Kathir 1.186. Hilf, or tahalluf, comes from halafa, to form a confederacy, for mutual help and protection.
- ^ Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Martin Lings, George Allen & Unwin, 1983, p7
- ^ Life of the Prophet, The Prophet’s Family Line No. 4 – Amr (Hashim), the Founder of the Hashimites, Sr. Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood
- ^ Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Martin Lings, George Allen & Unwin, 1983, p7
- ^ Life of the Prophet, The Prophet’s Family Line No. 4 – Amr (Hashim), the Founder of the Hashimites, Sr. Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood
- ^ ‘Lata’if al-ma’arif, Tha’alibi, Edinburgh, 1968, p.42; Ibn Kathir 1.132, from Ibn Ishaq; Ibn Sa’d vol 1 p.77
- ^ Life of the Prophet, The Prophet’s Family Line No. 4 – Amr (Hashim), the Founder of the Hashimites, Sr. Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood