Banu Khazraj
| Banu Khazraj بنو خزرج | |
|---|---|
| Kahlanite Arab tribe | |
| Ethnicity | Arab |
| Nisba | Khazraji |
| Location | Medina, Hejaz |
| Descended from | Al-Khazraj bin Haritha bin Tha'labah bin Amr bin 'Amir bin Haritha bin Tha'labah bin Mazen bin al-Azd |
| Parent tribe | Azd |
| Language | Arabic |
| Religion | Sunni Islam, Shia Islam |
The Banu Khazraj (
's era.The Banu Khazraj are a South Arabian Qahtanite tribe that were pressured out of South Arabia as a result of the destruction of the Marib Dam. Along with their cousin tribe, the Aws, they migrated to Yathrib, later known as Medina. [1] [2]
Early history
Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan Ibn Ahmad Al-Hamdani mentioned that the Banu Khazraj and the Banu Aws settled the area of
However, all sources agree that the Banu Khazraj and Banu Aws became hostile to each other.
Jewish chronicles state that they went to war against each other in the
There were three Jewish tribes present in Medina: Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir and Banu Qurayza.
During the battle, the Banu Nadir and the Banu Qurayza fought on the side of the Banu Aws, and the Banu Qaynuqa were allied with the Banu Khazraj. The latter were defeated after a long and desperate battle.[3]
The Nusaybah family of Jerusalem, Custodians of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, are descendants of Banu Khazraj. They arrived in Jerusalem with the 7th-century Islamic conquest.
Hijrah
The Banu Aws were included in point 30-31 of the Constitution of Medina as allies to the Muslims, being as "one nation/community with the Believers".[4][5]
Military campaigns
On 624 Muhammad ordered the assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf. According to Ibn Ishaq, Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf was a Jewish poet, who created verses about Muhammad after the Muslim victory in Badr. Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf was angered by this victory and went to Makkah to incite war and hatred towards the Muslims.
Shortly afterward he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women". Thus after his return to Medina, the order to kill him was sent by Muhammad. The Banu Aws carried out this killing.[8][9]
When men of the
Sallam ibn Abu al-Huqayq (Abu Rafi) was a Jew, who helped the troops of the Confederates and provided them with a lot of wealth and supplies, on the one hand [13] and used to mock Muhammad with his poetry, on the other. When the Muslims had settled their affair with Banu Quraiza; Al-Khazraj tribe, a rival of Al-Aws, asked for Muhammad's permission to kill him (which Muhammad accepted) in order to merit a virtue equal to that of Al-Aws who had killed Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf.[11]
The Nasrids in Granada
In 1228, Ibn al-Ahmar gathered the remains of the Muslim population cornered in Granada and established al-Mamlika al-Nasria derived from the Ansar of Medina whom the Nasrids trace their lineage to.[14] With the Reconquista in full swing after the conquest of Cordoba in 1236, the Nasrids aligned themselves with Ferdinand III of Castile, officially becoming a tributary state in 1238. The state officially becoming the Kingdom of Granada in 1238. The Nasrids had to turn their backs against the Muslims of Cordoba and Seville in order to survive the reconquest.
Initially the kingdom of Granada linked the commercial routes from Europe with those of the
Granada was held as a vassal to Castile for many decades, and provided trade links with the Muslim world, particularly the gold trade with the sub-saharan areas south of Africa. The Nasrids also provided troops for Castile while the kingdom was also a source of mercenary fighters from North African Zenata tribes. However, Portugal discovered direct the African trade routes by sailing around the coast of West Africa. Thus Granada became less and less important for Castile and with the unification of Castile and Aragon in 1479, those kingdoms set their sights on conquering Granada and Navarre.
On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim leader, Muhammad XII, known as
See Nasrid dynasty for a full list of the Nasrid rulers of Granada. The most prominent members of the dynasty were:
- Mohammed ibn Alhamar(died 1273), the founder of the dynasty
- Yusuf I(1334–1354)
- Muhammed V(1354–1391), builder of the royal palace within the Alhambra
- Fesin Morocco.
People
- Abd-Allah ibn Ubaiy — chief[6]
- Khazraj[16]
- Abu Ayyub al-Ansari[17]
- Hassan ibn Thabit —
- Ubayy ibn Kab—
- 'Abd Allah ibn Rawahah[15]
- As‘ad bin Zurarah bin ‘Ads[15]
- Habab ibn Mundhir[16]
- Anas ibn Malik[18]
- Muadh ibn Jabal
- Al-Bara ibn Malik[18]
- Sa'd bin Ar-Rabi bin ‘Amr [15]
- Rafi' bin Malik bin Al-‘Ajlan [15]
- Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur bin Sakhr[15]
- 'Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram[15]
- 'Ubadah bin As-Samit bin Qais [15]
- Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr bin Khunai [15]
See also
References
- ISBN 9780791418758.
- ^ Watt 1986, p. 771
- ^ jewishencyclopedia.com [1]
- ^ "Medina Charter - Wikisource". en.wikisource.org. Archived from the original on 2006-06-27.
- ^ "The Message". Archived from the original on May 24, 2012.
- ^ jewishencyclopedia.com [2]
- ^ "'ABD ALLAH IBN RAWAAHAH". Archived from the original on 2006-06-30. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
- ^ Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65–71.
- ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 151–153. (online)
- ^ "List of Battles of Muhammad". Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2011-03-22.
- ^ a b Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar (Free version), p. 204.
- ISBN 9780887063442– via Google Books.
- ^ Ibn Hajr Asqalani , Fath Al-Bari, p. 7/343.
- ISBN 9781137039828.
- ^ on sunnipath.com
- ^ a b Imamate: The Vicegerency of the Prophet Al-islam.org [3]
- ^ https://www.islamicfinder.org/knowledge/biography/story-of-abu-ayyub-alansari/
- ^ islamonline.net "Al-Bara' ibn Malik Al-Ansari: Allah & Paradise". Archived from the originalon 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
Sources
- ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
