CIA cryptonym: Difference between revisions

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Each CIA cryptonym contains a two character prefix called a digraph, which designates a geographical or functional area. Certain digraphs were changed over time; for example, the digraph for the Soviet Union changed at least twice.
Each CIA cryptonym contains a two character prefix called a digraph, which designates a geographical or functional area. Certain digraphs were changed over time; for example, the digraph for the Soviet Union changed at least twice.


The rest is either an arbitrary [[dictionary]] word, or occasionally the digraph and the cryptonym combine to form a dictionary word (e.g. AEROPLANE) or can be read out as a simple phrase (e.g. WIBOTHER, read as "Why bother!"). Cryptonyms are sometimes written with a slash after the digraph, e.g. ZR/RIFLE, and sometimes in one sequence, e.g. ZRRIFLE. The latter format is the more common style in CIA documents.
The rest is either an arbitrary dictionary word, or occasionally the digraph and the cryptonym combine to form a dictionary word (e.g. AEROPLANE) or can be read out as a simple phrase (e.g. WIBOTHER, read as "Why bother!"). Cryptonyms are sometimes written with a slash after the digraph, e.g. ZR/RIFLE, and sometimes in one sequence, e.g. ZRRIFLE. The latter format is the more common style in CIA documents.


Examples from publications by former CIA personnel show that the terms "code name" and "cryptonym" can refer to the names of operations as well as to individual persons. TRIGON, for example, was the code name for Aleksandr Ogorodnik, a member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in what was then the Soviet Union, whom the CIA developed as a spy;<ref>Wallace and Melton, pp. 88-102</ref> HERO was the code name for Col. Oleg Penkovsky, who supplied data on the nuclear readiness of the Soviet Union during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] of 1962.<ref>Helms 2003, p. 216</ref> According to former CIA Director Richard M. Helms: "The code names for most Agency operations are picked in sequence from a sterile list, with care taken not to use any word that might give a clue to the activity it covers. On some large projects, code names are occasionally specially chosen — GOLD, SILVER, PBSUCCESS, CORONA. When Bob Kennedy requested a code name for the government-wide plan that Richard Goodwin was drafting, an exception was made. Goodwin was on the White House staff, and the plan concerned Cuba. Occasionally the special code names come close to the nerve, as did MONGOOSE."<ref>Helms 2003, p. 197</ref> A secret joint program between the Mexico City CIA station and the Mexican secret police to [[wiretap]] the Soviet and Cuban embassies was code-named ENVOY.<ref>Weiner 2008, p. 258</ref>
Examples from publications by former CIA personnel show that the terms "code name" and "cryptonym" can refer to the names of operations as well as to individual persons. TRIGON, for example, was the code name for Aleksandr Ogorodnik, a member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in what was then the Soviet Union, whom the CIA developed as a spy;<ref>Wallace and Melton, pp. 88-102</ref> HERO was the code name for Col. Oleg Penkovsky, who supplied data on the nuclear readiness of the Soviet Union during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] of 1962.<ref>Helms 2003, p. 216</ref> According to former CIA Director Richard M. Helms: "The code names for most Agency operations are picked in sequence from a sterile list, with care taken not to use any word that might give a clue to the activity it covers. On some large projects, code names are occasionally specially chosen — GOLD, SILVER, PBSUCCESS, CORONA. When Bob Kennedy requested a code name for the government-wide plan that Richard Goodwin was drafting, an exception was made. Goodwin was on the White House staff, and the plan concerned Cuba. Occasionally the special code names come close to the nerve, as did MONGOOSE."<ref>Helms 2003, p. 197</ref> A secret joint program between the Mexico City CIA station and the Mexican secret police to [[wiretap]] the Soviet and Cuban embassies was code-named ENVOY.<ref>Weiner 2008, p. 258</ref>


Some cryptonyms relate to more than one subject, e.g. a group of people. In this case, the basic cryptonym, e.g. LICOZY, will designate the whole group, while each group member is designated by a sequence number, e.g. LICOZY/3, which can also be written LICOZY-3.
Some cryptonyms relate to more than one subject, e.g. a group of people. In this case, the basic cryptonym, e.g. LICOZY, will designate the whole group, while each group member is designated by a sequence number, e.g. LICOZY/3, which can also be written LICOZY-3, or just L-3.

If several references are made to the same cryptonym in a document, the cryptonym will often be abbreviated the second and subsequent times, to save encryption effort. Thus LICOZY-3, for example, might be abbreviated just L-3.


==Digraphs==
==Digraphs==
===Partial list of digraphs and probable definitions===
===Partial list of digraphs and probable definitions===
{{multicol}}
Years in parentheses indicate when the digraph is known to have been in use, but in many cases may have been used long before or after the years shown.
*AE: [[Soviet Union]]
*AE: Soviet Union
*AM: [[Cuba]] (1960s)
*AM: Cuba (1960s)
*AV: [[Uruguay]]
*AV: Uruguay
*BE: [[Poland]]
*BE: Poland
*BI: [[Argentina]]
*BI: Argentina
*CK: [[Soviet Union]]
*CK: Soviet Union
*DB: Iraq
*DI: [[Czechoslovakia]]
*DI: Czechoslovakia
*DM: [[SFRY|Yugoslavia]]
*DM: SFRY|Yugoslavia
*DN: [[South Korea]]
*DN: South Korea
*DU: [[Peru]]
*DU: Peru
*EC: [[Ecuador]]
*EC: Ecuador
*ES: [[Guatemala]]
*ES: Guatemala
*GT: [[Soviet Union]]
*GT: Soviet Union
*HA: [[Indonesia]] (1958)
*HA: Indonesia (1958)
*IA: [[Angola]]<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919657,00.html "Our War" in Angola, May 22, 1978. ''TIME Magazine''].</ref>
*IA: Angola<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919657,00.html "Our War" in Angola, May 22, 1978. ''TIME Magazine''].</ref>
{{multicol-break}}
*JM Cuba
*KU: Part of CIA (1960s)
*KU: Part of CIA (1960s)
*LC: [[China]]
*LC: China
*LI: [[Mexico]]
*LI: Mexico
*MH: Worldwide operation.
*MH: Worldwide operation.
*MK: Projects sponsored by the CIA's [[Technical Services Staff|Technical Services Division]] (1950s/1960s)
*MK: CIA [[Technical Services Staff|Technical Services Division]] (1950s/1960s)
*MO: [[Thailand]]
*MO: Thailand
*OD: Other US Government Departments (1960s)
*OD: Other US Government Departments (1960s)
*PB: [[Guatemala]]
*PB: Guatemala
*PO: [[Japan]]
*PO: Japan
*SD: [[Iran]]
*SD: Iran
*SM: [[United Kingdom]]
*SM: United Kingdom
*TP: [[Iran]] (1953)
*TP: Iran (1953)
*TU: [[South Vietnam]]
*TU: South Vietnam
*WI: [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (1960s)
*WI: Democratic Republic of the Congo (1960s)
*ZR: Normally prefixes the cryptonym for an intelligence intercept program. Seems to go with Staff D ops, Staff D being the group that worked directly with the NSA ([[National Security Agency]]). Staff D was where ZR/RIFLE, a [[Fidel Castro]] assassination plot, was buried. (1960s)
*ZR: Intelligence intercept program of CIA Staff D ops, the group that worked directly with the NSA ([[National Security Agency]]).
{{multicol-end}}


===Unidentified digraphs===
===Unidentified digraphs===
BG, CA, DT, EC, ER, FJ, HB, HO, HT, JM, JU, KM, LC, QK, SE, SC, SG, WS, ZI
BG, CA, DT, EC, ER, FJ, HB, HO, HT, JM, JU, KM, LC, QK, SE, SC, SG, WS, ZI


==Cryptonyms==
==Known CIA cryptonyms==
{{multicol}}
=== Operations and projects ===
*AEFOXTROT: [[Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko]], a Soviet defector.
More than 20 digraphs pertaining to CIA activities have been documented by Waldron and Hartmann, who note: "Even seasoned historians have had trouble distinguishing AMWORLD from AMTRUNK from AMLASH, and figuring out where programs like the CIA-Mafia plots fit in."<ref name=wh2009-224>Waldron & Hartmann 2009 p. 224</ref>, and "there were less important ones, like AMCOBRA, AMCLEOPATRA, AMHALF, AMFOX, AMCROW, AMCRUX, AMJUDGE, AMGLOSSY, and many dozens - perhaps hundreds - more, all active at the time of JFK's death."<ref name=wh2009-204>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 204</ref>
*AELADLE: [[Anatoliy Golitsyn]], a Soviet defector.
*AMBIDDY-1: [[Manuel Artime]].<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 878</ref>
*AMBLOOD: Luis Torroella y Martin Rivero, a CIA agent.<ref>Escalante, p. 89</ref>
*AMCLATTER-1: [[Bernard Barker]], one of the Watergate burglars.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 262</ref>
*AMBUD
*AMCLEOPATRA<ref name=wh2009-204>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 204</ref>
*AMCOBRA<ref name=wh2009-204/>
*AMCROW<ref name=wh2009-204/>
*AMCRUZ or AMCRUX?<ref name=wh2009-204/>
*AMFOX<ref name=wh2009-204/>
*AMGLOSSY<ref name=wh2009-204/>
*AMHALF<ref name=wh2009-204/>
*AMJUDGE<ref name=wh2009-204/>
*AMLASH: Plan to assassinate Fidel Castro associated mainly with Rolando Cubela. AMLASH has been referred to as a "basically one-person Cubela operation".<ref name=wh2005-215>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 215</ref>
*AMLASH-1: [[Rolando Cubela Secades]], a Cuban official involved in plot to kill [[Fidel Castro]] in 1963.
*AMOT: Cuban exile informants of [[David Sánchez Morales]].<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 38</ref>
*AMPALM-4<ref name=wh2005-794/>
*AMQUACK: [[Che Guevara]], Argentinian (later Cuban) guerrilla leader.
*AMTHUG: Fidel Castro, [[Prime Minister of Cuba]] 1959-1976.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 35</ref>
*AMTRUNK: A CIA plan by ''New York Times'' journalist [[Tad Szulc]] initiated in February 1963, also called the "Leonardo Plan," that was "an attempt to find disgruntled military officials in Cuba who might be willing to recruit higher military officials in a plot to overthrow Castro",<ref name=wh2005-216>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 216</ref> as well as to overthrow the Cuban government "by means of a conspiracy among high-level ... leaders of the government culminating in a coup d'etat".<ref name=wh2005-215/> AMTRUNK has also been described as a "CIA-DIA Task Force on Cuba",<ref name=wh2009-224>Waldron & Hartmann 2009 p. 224</ref> and as "a plodding bureaucratic effort" that "had worked for months to identify Cuban leaders who might be able to stage a coup".<ref name=wh2005-216/>
*AMWHIP-1: Business associate of [[Santo Trafficante, Jr.]] who was in contact with Rolando Cubela (AMLASH) in 1963.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 19</ref>
*AMWORLD: A plan initiated June 28, 1963, to overthrow the Castro regime in a coup on December 1, 1963 (C-Day), that would have installed [[Juan Almeida Bosque]], a top ranking Cuban military officer, as the new head of state.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 13</ref><ref name=wh2005-794>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 794</ref> Some Cuban exiles referred to C-Day as "Plan Omega".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 589</ref>
*DBACHILLES: 1995 effort to support a military coup in [[Iraq]].<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A61979-2003May15&notFound=true Washington Post]</ref>
*DBROCKSTARS : Iraqi spy ring recruited by the CIA shortly before the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref>Bob Woodward, ''Plan of attack''</ref>
*HTAUTOMAT: Photointerpretation center for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft project.
*HTKEEPER: Mexico City
*[[HTLINGUAL]]: [[Cabinet noir|Mail interception]] operation 1952-1973.
*HTNEIGH: National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) [1949-mid1950s]
*HTPLUME: Panama
*JMADD: CIA air base near city of [[Retalhuleu]], Guatemala 1960-1961
*JMATE: CIA Air operations office for the Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961
*JMBELL: CIA office (location unknown) 1961
*JMBLUG: [[John Peurifoy]], U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala.
*JMFURY: Preparatory strikes against Cuban airfields before Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961
*JMGLOW: CIA Washington 1961
*JMTIDE: CIA air base in [[Puerto Cabezas]], [[Nicaragua]] 1961
*JMTRAX: CIA covert air base/training camp in Guatemala 1960-1961
*[[JMWAVE]]: CIA station in [[Miami]] (that operated against [[Cuba]]).
*JMZIP: CIA office (location unknown) 1961
*KMFLUSH: Nicaragua
*KMPAJAMA: Mexico
*KMPLEBE: Peru
{{multicol-break}}
*KUBARK: CIA Headquarters, Langley
*KUCAGE: CIA Overseas Paramilitary / Propaganda Operations
*KUCLUB: CIA Office of Communications
*KUDESK: CIA Counterintelligence department
*KUDOVE: CIA Office of the director
*KUFIRE: CIA Intelligence
*KUGOWN: CIA Propaganda
*KUHOOK: CIA Negotiations/Logistics (unsure)
*KUJUMP
*KUMOTHER: [[James Jesus Angleton]], head of CIA counter intelligence.
*KUPALM
*KURIOT
*KUTUBE
*KUSODA: CIA Interrogators
*LCFLUTTER: [[Polygraph]], sometimes supplanted by ''[[truth drug]]s'': '''Sodium Amytal''' ([[amobarbital]]), '''Sodium Pentothal''' ([[thiopental]]), and '''Seconal''' ([[secobarbital]]) to induce regression in the subject.
*LCPANGS: Costa Rica
*LIENVOY: Wiretap or intercept program.
*LINCOLN: Ongoing operation involving [[Basque people|Basque]] separatist group [[ETA]].
*LIONIZER: Guatemalan refugee group in Mexico.
*LITEMPO: Spy network, operated between 1956–1969, to exchange information with Mexican top officers.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB204/index.htm George Washington University]</ref>
*LITEMPO-2: [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]], President of Mexico 1964-1970.<ref name=elespia>{{cite web
| url = http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/56551.html
| title = El espía que impactó a México
| publisher = [http://www.eluniversal.com.mx El Universal]
| accessdate = 2009-08-04
| language = '''Spanish'''
}}</ref>
*LITEMPO-8: [[Luis Echeverría]], President of Mexico 1970-1976.<ref name=elespia/>
*MHCHAOS: Surveillance of antiwar activists during the [[Vietnam War]].
*[[MKCHICKWIT]]: Identify new drug developments in Europe and Asia and obtain samples, part of MKSEARCH.
*[[MKDELTA]]: Stockpiling of lethal biological and chemical agents, subsequently became MKNAOMI.
*[[MKNAOMI]]: Stockpiling of lethal biological and chemical agents, successor to MKDELTA.
*[[MKOFTEN]]: Testing effects of biological and chemical agents, part of MKSEARCH.
*[[MKSEARCH]]: MKULTRA after 1964, mind control research.
*[[MKULTRA]]: Mind control research. MKULTRA means MK (scientific projects) and ULTRA (top classification reference, re: ULTRA code breaking in World War II. Renamed MKSEARCH in 1964.
*ODACID: [[United States Department of State]]/[[Diplomatic missions of the United States|U.S. embassy]]
*ODEARL: United States Department of Defense
*ODENVY: Federal Bureau of Investigation
*ODOATH: United States Navy
*ODOPAL [[Counterintelligence Corps (United States Army)|Counterintelligence Corps]], United States Army
*ODUNIT: United States Air Force
*ODYOKE: [[Federal government of the United States]]<ref name=wh2005-794/>
*[[Operation PBFORTUNE|PBFORTUNE]]: CIA project to supply forces opposed to Guatemala's President Arbenz with weapons, supplies, and funding; predecessor to [[Operation PBSUCCESS|PBSUCCESS]].
*PBHISTORY: CIA project to gather and analyze documents from the Arbenz government in Guatemala that would incriminate Arbenz as a communist.
*[[Operation Gold|PBJOINTLY]]: Operation that built a tunnel from the American sector of Berlin, to the Russian sector.
*PBPRIME: the United States<ref name=wh2005-794/>
*PBRUMEN: Cuba
*[[Operation PBSUCCESS|PBSUCCESS]]: (Also PBS) CIA covert operation to overthrow the Arbenz government in Guatemala in 1954.
*POCAPON: [[Taketora Ogata]], Japanese politician in the 1950s.
*PODAM: [[Matsutarō Shōriki]], Japanese businessman and politician.
*QJWIN: European assassin.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, pp. 35, 136</ref> Also described as an "assassin recruiter".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 527</ref>
*QKENCHANT: CIA program associated with [[E. Howard Hunt]] (1918–2007), who with [[G. Gordon Liddy]] and others, was one of the White House's "plumbers" — a secret team of operatives charged with fixing "leaks".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 709</ref>
*QKCIGAR: United States Government
*QKFLOWAGE: [[United States Information Agency]]
*SMOTH: UK [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (MI6)
*[[Operation Ajax|TPAJAX]]: Joint US/UK operation to overthrow [[Mohammed Mossadeq]], Prime Minister of [[Iran]].
*TPCREDO: Italy
*TPROACH: Yugoslavia
*TPTONIC: National Committee for Free Europe (NCFE)
*ZRRIFLE, An assassination plot targeting Fidel Castro
{{multicol-end}}


===Unidentified cryptonyms===
* [[Project AQUATONE|AQUATONE]]: Project name given to [[Lockheed U-2]] reconnaissance aircraft.
AEBARMAN, AEFOX, AEROPLANE, AVBLIMP, AVBRANDY, AVBUSY, CABOUNCE, CLOWER, ECJOB, ESGAIN, ESODIC, FJDEFLECT, GOLIATH, HBDRILL, HOPEFUL, JUBATE, JUBILIST, LCPANES, LICOZY, LPHIDDEN, ODIBEX, PBCABOOSE, QKENCHANT
* [[Project AMBIDDY-1|AMBIDDY-1]]: [[Manuel Artime]].<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 878</ref>
* [[Project AMCLATTER-1|AMCLATTER-1]]: [[Bernard Barker]], one of the Watergate burglars.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 262</ref>
* [[Project AMLASH|AMLASH]]: Plan to assassinate [[Fidel Castro]] associated mainly with Rolando Cubela, who is often identified as AMLASH, but was also referred to as AMLASH-1. AMLASH has been referred to as a "basically one-person Cubela operation".<ref name=wh2005-215>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 215</ref>
* [[Project AMOT|AMOT]]: Cuban exile informants of [[David Sánchez Morales]].<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 38</ref>
* [[Project AMTHUG|AMTHUG]]: Fidel Castro.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 35</ref>
* [[Project AMTRUNK|AMTRUNK]]: A CIA plan by ''New York Times'' journalist [[Tad Szulc]] initiated in February 1963, also called the "Leonardo Plan," that was "an attempt to find disgruntled military officials in Cuba who might be willing to recruit higher military officials in a plot to overthrow Castro",<ref name=wh2005-216>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 216</ref> as well as to overthrow the Cuban government "by means of a conspiracy among high-level . . . leaders of the government culminating in a coup d'etat".<ref name=wh2005-215/> AMTRUNK has also been described as a "CIA-DIA Task Force on Cuba",<ref name=wh2009-224/> and as "a plodding bureaucratic effort" that "had worked for months to identify Cuban leaders who might be able to stage a coup".<ref name=wh2005-216/>
* [[Project AMWHIP-1|AMWHIP-1]]: Business associate of [[Santo Trafficante, Jr.]] who was in contact with Rolando Cubela (AMLASH) in 1963.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 19</ref>
* [[Project AMWORLD|AMWORLD]]: A plan initiated June 28, 1963, to overthrow the Castro regime in a coup on December 1, 1963 (C-Day), that would have installed [[Juan Almeida Bosque]], a top ranking Cuban military officer, as the new head of state.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 13</ref><ref name=wh2005-794>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 794</ref> Some Cuban exiles referred to C-Day as "Plan Omega".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 589</ref>
* [[Project CAMTEX|CAMTEX]]: Undercover FBI operation targeting [[Carlos Marcello]] (CAMTEX, for Carlos Marcello, Texas). According to informant Jack Ronald Van Laningham, in 1985 Marcello admitted he was responsible for having President Kennedy assassinated.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, pp. 47, 50-51</ref>
* [[Project MURKIN|MURKIN]]: [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] assassination files.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 516</ref> Cryptonym possibly based on Martin lUtheR KINg.
* [[Operation MONGOOSE]]: Operation MONGOOSE was "primarily a relentless and escalating campaign of sabotage and small [[Cuban exile]] raids that would somehow cause the overthrow of Castro," which "also included plans for an invasion of Cuba in the fall of 1962".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 37</ref>
* [[Project OPERATION TILT|OPERATION TILT]]: The CIA's name for "an operation put together by John Martino, who was fronting for his boss Santo Trafficante and his roomate {{sic|hide=y}} [[John Roselli|Johnny Roselli]]".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 471</ref> OPERATION TILT used "some of the same people working on the CIA-Mafia plots in the spring of 1963 ... [and] involved sending a Cuban exile team into Cuba to retrieve Soviet technicians supposedly ready to defect and reveal the existence of Soviety missiles still on the island".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 438</ref>
* [[Project QJWIN|QJWIN]]: European assassin.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, pp. 35, 136</ref> Also described as an "assassin recruiter".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 527</ref>
* [[Project QKENCHANT|QKENCHANT]]: Classified CIA program associated with [[E. Howard Hunt]] (1918–2007), who with [[G. Gordon Liddy]] and others, was one of the White House's "plumbers" — a secret team of operatives charged with fixing "leaks".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 709</ref>


==Operations and projects==
Other cryptonyms associated with CIA and Cuba, whose meanings are not explained, include AMCLEOPATRA, AMCOBRA, AMCROW, AMCRUZ, AMHALF, AMFOX, AMGLOSSY and AMJUDGE, AMPALM-4,<ref name=wh2005-794/> GPIDEAL;<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 894</ref> ODYOKE;<ref name=wh2005-794/> but identified below as "Federal Government of the United States"), PBPRIME;<ref name=wh2005-794/> all others<ref name=wh2009-204/>
{{multicol}}

*ALERT: U.S. civil defense exercise 1954 to 1962.<ref name=smith2003>Smith 2003</ref>
The cryptonyms listed below were gathered from other sources:
*APPLE: Agent team seen in 1952 by CIA/OPC as best bet to successfully continue BGFIEND Project aimed to harass/overthrow Albanian communist regime. Team was arrested, communists controlled radio ops for 16 months, fatally luring more agents into Albania in 1953, and trying and executing original agents in 1954 to suddenly end BGFIEND.<ref>OBOPUS/BGFIEND, RG263, Various documents, include Vol. 6, Box 47, National Archives, College Park, MD</ref>

*[[Project AQUATONE|AQUATONE]]: Project name for [[Lockheed U-2]] reconnaissance aircraft project, succeeded by CHALICE.
* Plan Charity: Joint CIA/OSO-Italian Naval Intelligence information gathering operation
*ARGON: satellite-intelligence mapping project 1962 to 1964.<ref name=smith2003/>
against Albania (1948–1951).
*[[Project ARTICHOKE|ARTICHOKE]]: Anti-interrogation project. Precursor to MKULTRA.
* ALERT: U.S. civil defense exercise 1954 to 1962.<ref name=smith2003>Smith 2003</ref>
*[[Azorian|AZORIAN]]: Project to raise the [[Soviet submarine K-129 (1960)|Soviet submarine K-129]] from the Pacific Ocean. The preparatory phase of Project JENNIFER.
* [[Project APPLE|APPLE]]
*BGGYPSY: Communist.
* ARGON: satellite-intelligence mapping project 1962 to 1964.<ref name=smith2003/>
*BIRCH
* [[Project ARTICHOKE|ARTICHOKE]]: Anti-interrogation project. Precursor to MKULTRA.
* [[Project AQUATONE|AQUATONE]]: Original name for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft project. Succeeded by [[Project CHALICE|CHALICE]].
* [[Azorian|AZORIAN]]: Project to raise the [[Soviet submarine K-129 (1960)|Soviet submarine K-129]] from the Pacific Ocean. The preparatory phase of Project JENNIFER.
* [[Project BIRCH|BIRCH]]
*BLACKSHIELD: A-12 aircraft reconnaissance missions off Okinawa.<ref name=smith2003/>
*BLACKSHIELD: A-12 aircraft reconnaissance missions off Okinawa.<ref name=smith2003/>
* BLUEBIRD: mind control program
*BLUEBIRD: mind control program
*BOND: Puerto Barrios, Guatemala.
* [[Project CHALICE|CHALICE]]: Second name for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft project. Preceded by [[Project AQUATONE|AQUATONE]].
*CAMTEX: Undercover FBI operation targeting [[Carlos Marcello]] (CAMTEX, for Carlos Marcello, Texas). According to informant Jack Ronald Van Laningham, in 1985 Marcello admitted he was responsible for having President Kennedy assassinated.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, pp. 47, 50-51</ref>
* [[Project CHATTER|CHATTER]]: Identification and testing of drugs to be used in interrogations and the recruitment of agents.
*CATIDE: [[Bundesnachrichtendienst]]
* [[Project CHERRY|CHERRY]]: Covert assassination / destabilization operation during [[Vietnam war]], targeting Prince (later King) [[Norodom Sihanouk]] and the government of [[Cambodia]]. Disbanded.
*CHALICE: Second name for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft project. Preceded by [[Project AQUATONE|AQUATONE]].
* [[Operation Condor|CONDOR]]: 1970s CIA interference in Latin American governments, some allege in the coup and assassination of [[Salvador Allende]] in [[Chile]].
*CHARITY: Joint CIA/OSO-Italian Naval Intelligence information gathering operation against Albania (1948–1951).
* [[Corona (satellite)|CORONA]]: Satellite photo system.
*[[Project CHATTER|CHATTER]]: Identification and testing of drugs to be used in interrogations and the recruitment of agents.
* [[DBACHILLES]]: 1995 effort to support a military coup in [[Iraq]].<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A61979-2003May15&notFound=true Washington Post]</ref>
*CHERRY: Covert assassination / destabilization operation during Vietnam war, targeting Prince (later King) [[Norodom Sihanouk]] and the government of Cambodia. Disbanded.
* [[ECHELON]]: worldwide signals intelligence and analysis network run by the [[UKUSA Community]].
*[[Operation Condor|CONDOR]]: 1970s CIA interference in Latin American governments, some allege in the coup and assassination of [[Salvador Allende]] in Chile.
* [[Project FIR|FIR]]
*[[Corona (satellite)|CORONA]]: Satellite photo system.
*[[Project FUBELT|FUBELT]]
*DTFROGS: El Salvador
* [[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]]: Project to design a follow-on to the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Succeeded [[Project Rainbow|RAINBOW]]. Succeeded by [[Project OXCART|OXCART]].<ref name=pedlow274>Pedlow & Welzenbach, p. 274.</ref>
*[[ECHELON]]: Worldwide signals intelligence and analysis network run by the [[UKUSA Community]].
* [[HTAUTOMAT]]: Photointerpretation center established for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft project.
*ESCOBILLA: Guatemalan national.
* [[HTLINGUAL]]: [[Cabinet noir|Mail interception]] operation 1952-1973.
*ESMERALDITE: Labor informant affiliated with [[American Federation of Labor|AFL]]-sponsored labor movement.
* IDIOM: Initial work by Convair on a follow-on to the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Later moved into [[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]].<ref>Contracting officer, ''Change of Project Funds Obligated Under Contract No. SS-100, Convair, San Diego, California, Project CHAMPION,'' DPD-2827-59, CIA, Washington, DC, 30 April 1959.</ref>
*ESQUIRE: [[James Bamford]], author of "The Puzzle Palace".
* [[IAFEATURE]]: Operation to support [[UNITA]] and [[FNLA]] during the [[Angolan Civil War|Angolan civil war]].
*ESSENCE: Guatemalan anti-communist leader.
*FDTRODPINT : Afghan tribal agents, formerly known as GESENIOR, reactivated in the 1990s by the CIA to hunt [[1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters|Mir Aimal Kasi]] and later [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref name="Steve Coll, Ghost Wars, p.372">Steve Coll, ''Ghost Wars'', p.372</ref>
*FIR
*FJGROUND: [[Grafenwohr]], West Germany paramilitary training ground.
*FJHOPEFUL: Military base.
*FPBERM: Yugoslavia
*[[Project FUBELT|FUBELT]]: Project to prevent [[Salvador Allende]] rise to power, and to promote a military coup in Chile.
*GANGPLANK: KYP, Greek Central Intelligence Service (1952–1974)
*GESENIOR: Afghan tribal agents working with the CIA during the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]. Later called FDTRODPINT.<ref name="Steve Coll, Ghost Wars, p.372"/>
*GPFLOOR: [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], J.F. Kennedy's alleged assassin.
*GPIDEAL: [[John F. Kennedy]], US president.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 894</ref>
*GRALLSPICE: [[Sergei Popov (bioweaponeer)]], Soviet defector.
*[[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]]: Project to design a follow-on to the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Succeeded [[Project Rainbow|RAINBOW]]. Succeeded by [[Project OXCART|OXCART]].<ref name=pedlow274>Pedlow & Welzenbach, p. 274.</ref>
*HBFAIRY: France
*IDIOM: Initial work by Convair on a follow-on to the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Later moved into [[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]].<ref>Contracting officer, ''Change of Project Funds Obligated Under Contract No. SS-100, Convair, San Diego, California, Project CHAMPION,'' DPD-2827-59, CIA, Washington, DC, 30 April 1959.</ref>
*[[IAFEATURE]]: Operation to support [[UNITA]] and [[FNLA]] during the [[Angolan Civil War|Angolan civil war]].
*IVY BELLS: Monitoring of a Soviet communications cable lying on the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk.<ref name=smith2003/>
*IVY BELLS: Monitoring of a Soviet communications cable lying on the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk.<ref name=smith2003/>
* Project JBEDICT: Tripartite Stay-Behind project.
*Project JBEDICT: Tripartite Stay-Behind project.
*Project JENNIFER: Mission to recover a portion of a sunken Soviet submarine in 1974.<ref name=smith2003/>
*Project JENNIFER: Mission to recover a portion of a sunken Soviet submarine in 1974.<ref name=smith2003/>
{{multicol-break}}
*JMFURY: Preparatory strikes against Cuban airfields before Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961
* [[Project KEMPSTER|KEMPSTER]]: Project to reduce the [[radar cross section]] (RCS) of the inlets of the [[Lockheed A-12]] reconnaissance aircraft.
*KEMPSTER: Project to reduce the [[radar cross section]] (RCS) of the inlets of the [[Lockheed A-12]] reconnaissance aircraft.
* KMHYMNAL: Maine-built motor sailer JUANITA purchased by CIA to use as floating, clandestine, propaganda broadcast facility in Mediterranean/Adriatic (1950–53).
*KMHYMNAL: Maine-built motor sailer JUANITA purchased by CIA to use as floating, clandestine, propaganda broadcast facility in Mediterranean/Adriatic (1950–53).
*LANYARD: Satellite intelligence 1963.<ref name=smith2003/>
*LANYARD: Satellite intelligence 1963.<ref name=smith2003/>
* [[Project LEMON|LEMON]]
*LEMON
*LNWILT: US Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)
* LINCOLN: Ongoing operation involving [[Basque people|Basque]] separatist group [[ETA]].
*LPMEDLEY: Surveillance of telegraphic information exiting or entering the United States.
* [[LITEMPO]]: Secret spy network code-name. Operated between 1956–1969, to exchange information with Mexican top officers.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB204/index.htm George Washington University]</ref>
*MAGPIE: US Army Labor Service Organization
* LPMEDLEY: Surveillance of telegraphic information exiting or entering the United States.
* MHCHAOS: Surveillance of antiwar activists during the [[Vietnam War]].
* [[MKDELTA]]: Stockpiling of lethal biological and chemical agents, subsequently became MKNAOMI.
* [[MKNAOMI]]: Stockpiling of lethal biological and chemical agents, successor to MKDELTA.
* [[MKULTRA]]: Mind control research. MKULTRA means MK (code for scientific projects) and ULTRA (top classification reference, re: ULTRA code breaking in World War II. Renamed MKSEARCH in 1964.
* [[MKSEARCH]]: MKULTRA after 1964, mind control research.
* [[MKOFTEN]]: Testing effects of biological and chemical agents, part of MKSEARCH.
* [[MKCHICKWIT]]: Identify new drug developments in Europe and Asia and obtain samples, part of MKSEARCH.
*MOCKINGBIRD: Recruitment of American journalists for CIA work.<ref name=smith2003/>
*MOCKINGBIRD: Recruitment of American journalists for CIA work.<ref name=smith2003/>
*[[Operation MONGOOSE|MONGOOSE]]: "Primarily a relentless and escalating campaign of sabotage and small [[Cuban exile]] raids that would somehow cause the overthrow of Castro," which "also included plans for an invasion of Cuba in the fall of 1962".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 37</ref>
* [[Project OAK|OAK]]: Operation to assassinate suspected South Vietnamese collaborators during [[Vietnam war]].
*MURKIN: [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] assassination files.<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 516</ref> Cryptonym possibly based on Martin lUtheR KINg.
* [[Project OXCART|OXCART]]: [[Lockheed A-12]] reconnaissance aircraft. Succeeded [[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]].<ref name=pedlow274/>
*OAK: Operation to assassinate suspected South Vietnamese collaborators during [[Vietnam war]].
* [[Operation Paperclip|PAPERCLIP]]: US recruiting of German scientists after the [[World War II|Second World War]].
*[[Project OXCART|OXCART]]: [[Lockheed A-12]] reconnaissance aircraft. Succeeded [[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]].<ref name=pedlow274/>
* [[Program Phoenix|PHOENIX]]: Vietnam covert intelligence/assassination operation.
*PANCHO: [[Carlos Castillo Armas]], President of Guatemala, also RUFUS.
* [[Project PINE|PINE]]
*[[Operation Paperclip|PAPERCLIP]]: US recruiting of German scientists after World War II.
* [[Operation PBFORTUNE|PBFORTUNE]]: CIA project to supply forces opposed to [[Guatemala]]'s President [[Arbenz]] with weapons, supplies, and funding; predecessor to [[Operation PBSUCCESS|PBSUCCESS]].
*[[Program Phoenix|PHOENIX]]: Vietnam covert intelligence/assassination operation.
* PBHISTORY: CIA project to gather and analyze documents from the Arbenz government in [[Guatemala]] that would incriminate Arbenz as a communist.
*PINE
* [[Operation Gold|PBJOINTLY]]: Operation that built a tunnel from the American sector of Berlin, to the Russian sector.
*[[Project Rainbow|RAINBOW]]: Project to reduce the [[radar cross section]] (RCS) of the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft.<ref>Pedlow & Welzenbach, p. 129.</ref> Succeeded by [[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]].
* [[Operation PBSUCCESS|PBSUCCESS]]: (Also PBS) CIA covert operation to overthrow the Arbenz government in Guatemala.
*RUFUS: [[Carlos Castillo Armas]], President of Guatemala, also PANCHO.
* PBRUMEN - Cuba.
*RYBAT: Indicates that the information is very sensitive.
* [[Project Rainbow|RAINBOW]]: Project to reduce the [[radar cross section]] (RCS) of the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft.<ref>Pedlow & Welzenbach, p. 129.</ref> Succeeded by [[Convair KINGFISH#Project Gusto|GUSTO]].
* SHERWOOD: CIA radio broadcast program in [[Nicaragua]] begun on May 1, 1954.
*SARANAC: Training site in Nicaragua.
*SCRANTON: Training base for radio operators near Nicaragua.
* [[Stargate Project|STARGATE]]: Investigation of psychic phenomena.
*SGCIDER: Germany
* THERMOS: Unclassified codeword used in lieu of [[Project Rainbow|RAINBOW]]<ref>Bissell, Richard M., Jr., "[...] Cable Handling Procedures," SAPC-21143, CIA, Washington, DC, 8 November 1957.</ref>
*SGUAT: CIA Station in Guatemala
* [[Operation Ajax|TPAJAX]]: Joint US/UK operation to overthrow [[Mohammed Mossadeq]], Prime Minister of [[Iran]].
*SHERWOOD: CIA radio broadcast program in Nicaragua begun on May 1, 1954.
*[[Stargate Project|STARGATE]]: Investigation of psychic phenomena.
*SKIMMER: The "Group" CIA cover organization supporting [[Castillo Armas]].
*SKILLET: Whiting Willauer, U.S. Ambassador to Honduras.
*SLINC: Telegram indicator for PBSUCCESS Headquarters in Florida.
*STANDEL: [[Jacobo Arbenz]], President of Guatemala.
*SYNCARP: The "Junta," Castillo Armas' political organization headed by Cordova Cerna.
*THERMOS: Unclassified codeword used in lieu of [[Project Rainbow|RAINBOW]]<ref>Bissell, Richard M., Jr., "[...] Cable Handling Procedures," SAPC-21143, CIA, Washington, DC, 8 November 1957.</ref>
*THROWOFF/2: Albanian ethnic agent/radio operator employed by Italian Navy Intelligence/CIA in several early Cold War covert operations against Albania. Was captured, operated radio under communist control to lure CIA agents to capture/death, tried in 1954, death sentence commuted, freed after 25 years. CIA paid his son $40,000 in 1996.<ref>OBOPUS/BGFIEND, AHMET KABASHI, RG263, Name Files, National Archives, College Park, MD</ref>
*OPERATION TILT: The CIA's name for "an operation put together by John Martino, who was fronting for his boss Santo Trafficante and his roomate {{sic|hide=y}} [[John Roselli|Johnny Roselli]]".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 471</ref> OPERATION TILT used "some of the same people working on the CIA-Mafia plots in the spring of 1963 ... [and] involved sending a Cuban exile team into Cuba to retrieve Soviet technicians supposedly ready to defect and reveal the existence of Soviety missiles still on the island".<ref>Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 438</ref>
*TROPIC: Air operations flown over North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union by CAT pilots during the 1950s.<ref name=smith2003/>
*TROPIC: Air operations flown over North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union by CAT pilots during the 1950s.<ref name=smith2003/>
* TSS: [[Technical Services Staff]].
*TSS: CIA [[Technical Services Staff]].
*UNIFRUIT: [[United Fruit Company]] Note: unlikely to be a cryptonym as such.
*VALUABLE: Albanian operations 1949 to 1953.<ref name=smith2003/>
*VALUABLE: Albanian operations 1949 to 1953.<ref name=smith2003/>
*VENONA: Interception and decoding of Soviet messages 1940 to 1948.<ref name=smith2003/>
*VENONA: Interception and decoding of Soviet messages 1940 to 1948.<ref name=smith2003/>
* [[Operation WASHTUB|WASHTUB]]: Operation to plant Soviet arms in Nicaragua.
*[[Operation WASHTUB|WASHTUB]]: Operation to plant Soviet arms in Nicaragua.
*WBFISHY: British Foreign Office
*WSBURNT: Guatemala
*WSHOOFS: Honduras
*WTF: WikiLeaks Task Force
*ZAPATA: [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]] 1961.
*ZAPATA: [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]] 1961.
{{multicol-end}}

=== Organizations ===
* CATIDE: [[Bundesnachrichtendienst]]
* FPBERM:
* GANGPLANK: KYP, Greek Central Intelligence Service (1952–1974)
* HTNEIGH: National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) [1949-mid1950s]
* JMATE: CIA Air operations office for the Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961
* JMBELL: CIA office (location unknown) 1961
* JMGLOW: CIA Washington 1961
* JMZIP: CIA office (location unknown) 1961
* KUBARK: CIA Headquarters, Langley
* KUCAGE: CIA Overseas Paramilitary / Propaganda Operations
* KUCLUB: Office of Communications
* KUDESK: Counterintelligence department
* KUDOVE: Office of the director
* KUFIRE: Intelligence
* KUGOWN: [[Propaganda]]
* KUHOOK: Negotiations/Logistics (unsure)
* KUSODA: CIA Interrogators
* LNWILT: US Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)
* MAGPIE: US Army Labor Service Organization
* ODACID: [[United States Department of State]]/[[Diplomatic missions of the United States|U.S. embassy]]
* ODEARL: [[United States Department of Defense]]
* ODENVY: [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]
* ODOATH: [[United States Navy]]
* ODOPAL [[Counterintelligence Corps (United States Army)|Counterintelligence Corps]], [[United States Army]]
* ODUNIT: [[United States Air Force]]
* ODYOKE: [[Federal government of the United States]]
* QKCIGAR: United States Government
* QKFLOWAGE: [[United States Information Agency]]
* SKIMMER: The "Group" CIA cover organization supporting [[Castillo Armas]].
* SGUAT: CIA Station in Guatemala
* SMOTH: [[Secret Intelligence Service]] (MI6)
* SYNCARP: The "Junta," Castillo Armas' political organization headed by Cordova Cerna.
* TPTONIC: National Committee for Free Europe (NCFE)
* WBFISHY: British Foreign Office
* WTF: WikiLeaks Task Force

=== Companies ===
* UNIFRUIT: [[United Fruit Company]] Note: unlikely to be a cryptonym as such.

=== Persons ===
* AEFOXTROT: [[Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko]], a Soviet defector.
* AELADLE: [[Anatoliy Golitsyn]], a Soviet defector.
*AMBLOOD: Luis Torroella y Martin Rivero, a CIA agent.<ref>Escalante, p. 89</ref>
* AMLASH: [[Rolando Cubela Secades]], a Cuban official involved in plot to kill [[Fidel Castro]] in 1963.
* AMQUACK: [[Che Guevara]], Argentinian (later Cuban) [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] leader.
* AMTHUG: [[Fidel Castro]], [[Prime Minister of Cuba]] 1959-1976.
* DBROCKSTARS : Iraqi spy ring recruited by the CIA shortly before the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref>Bob Woodward, ''Plan of attack''</ref>
* ESQUIRE: [[James Bamford]], author of "The Puzzle Palace".
* FDTRODPINT : Afghan tribal agents, formerly known as GESENIOR, reactivated in the 1990s by the CIA to hunt [[1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters|Mir Aimal Kasi]] and later [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref name="Steve Coll, Ghost Wars, p.372">Steve Coll, ''Ghost Wars'', p.372</ref>
* GESENIOR : Afghan tribal agents working with the CIA during the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]]. Later called FDTRODPINT.<ref name="Steve Coll, Ghost Wars, p.372"/>
* GPFLOOR: [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], J.F. Kennedy's alleged assassin.
* GPIDEAL: [[John F. Kennedy]], US president.
* GRALLSPICE: [[Sergei Popov (bioweaponeer)]], Soviet defector.
* JMBLUG: [[John Peurifoy]], U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala.
* KUMOTHER: [[James Jesus Angleton]], head of CIA counter intelligence.
* LITEMPO 2: [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]], President of Mexico 1964-1970.<ref name=elespia>{{cite web
| url = http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/56551.html
| title = El espía que impactó a México
| publisher = [http://www.eluniversal.com.mx El Universal]
| accessdate = 2009-08-04
| language = '''[[Spanish language|Spanish]]'''
}}</ref>
* LITEMPO 8: [[Luis Echeverría]], President of Mexico 1970-1976.<ref name=elespia/>
* PANCHO: [[Carlos Castillo Armas]], President of Guatemala, also RUFUS.
* POCAPON: [[Taketora Ogata]], Japanese politician in the 1950s.
* PODAM: [[Matsutarō Shōriki]], Japanese businessman and politician.
* RUFUS: [[Carlos Castillo Armas]], President of Guatemala, also PANCHO.
* SKILLET: [[Whiting Willauer]], U.S. Ambassador to Honduras.
* STANDEL: [[Jacobo Arbenz]], President of Guatemala.

=== Places ===
* BOND: [[Puerto Barrios]], Guatemala.
* DTFROGS: [[El Salvador]]
* FPBERM: Yugoslavia
* FJGROUND: [[Grafenwohr]], West Germany paramilitary training ground.
* HBFAIRY: [[France]]
* HTKEEPER: [[Mexico City]]
* HTPLUME: [[Panama]]
* JMADD: CIA air base near city of [[Retalhuleu]], Guatemala 1960-1961
* JMTIDE: CIA air base in [[Puerto Cabezas]], [[Nicaragua]] 1961
* JMTRAX: CIA covert air base/training camp in Guatemala 1960-1961
* [[JMWAVE]]: CIA station in [[Miami]] (that operated against [[Cuba]]).
* KMFLUSH: [[Nicaragua]]
* KMPAJAMA: [[Mexico]]
* KMPLEBE: [[Peru]]
* LCPANGS: Costa Rica
* LIONIZER: Guatemalan refugee group in Mexico.
* PBPRIME: the [[United States|United States of America]].
* PBRUMEN: [[Cuba]]
* SARANAC: Training site in Nicaragua.
* SCRANTON: Training base for radio operators near Nicaragua.
* SGCIDER: Germany
* TPCREDO: Italy
* TPROACH: Yugoslavia
* WSBURNT: [[Guatemala]]
* WSHOOFS: [[Honduras]]

=== Other ===
* APPLE: Agent team seen in 1952 by CIA/OPC as best bet to successfully continue BGFIEND Project aimed to harass/overthrow Albanian communist regime. Team was arrested, communists controlled radio ops for 16 months, fatally luring more agents into Albania in 1953, and trying and executing original agents in 1954 to suddenly end BGFIEND.<ref>OBOPUS/BGFIEND, RG263, Various documents, include Vol. 6, Box 47, National Archives, College Park, MD</ref>
* BGGYPSY: Communist.
* ESCOBILLA: Guatemalan national.
* ESMERALDITE: Labor informant affiliated with [[American Federation of Labor|AFL]]-sponsored labor movement.
* ESSENCE: Guatemalan anti-communist leader.
* FJHOPEFUL: Military base.
* LCFLUTTER: [[Polygraph]], sometimes supplanted by ''[[truth drug]]s'': '''Sodium Amytal''' ([[amobarbital]]), '''Sodium Pentothal''' ([[thiopental]]), and '''Seconal''' ([[secobarbital]]) to induce regression in the subject.
* LIENVOY: [[wiretap]] or intercept program.
* RYBAT: Indicates that the information is very sensitive.
* SLINC: Telegram indicator for PBSUCCESS Headquarters in Florida.
* THROWOFF/2: Albanian ethnic agent/radio operator employed by Italian Navy Intelligence/CIA in several early Cold War covert operations against Albania. Was captured, operated radio under communist control to lure CIA agents to capture/death, tried in 1954, death sentence commuted, freed after 25 years. CIA paid his son $40,000 in 1996.<ref>OBOPUS/BGFIEND, AHMET KABASHI, RG263, Name Files, National Archives, College Park, MD</ref>

===Unidentified cryptonyms===
AEBARMAN, AEFOX, AEROPLANE, AMBUD, AMWORLD, AVBLIMP, AVBRANDY, AVBUSY, CABOUNCE, CLOWER, ECJOB, ESGAIN, ESODIC, FJDEFLECT, GOLIATH, HBDRILL, HOPEFUL, JUBATE, JUBILIST, KUHOOK, KUJUMP, KUPALM, KURIOT, KUTUBE, LCPANES, LICOZY, LPHIDDEN, ODIBEX, PBCABOOSE, QKENCHANT


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 19:46, 20 January 2012

CIA cryptonyms are code names or code words used by the CIA (U.S. Central Intelligence Agency) to reference projects, operations, persons, agencies, etc. The cryptonyms described in this article were in use at least from the 1950s to the 1980s. It is likely that they have since been replaced by another system.

Introduction

The term "code word" was used by the CIA during the 1960s as a partial designation for a Top Secret report on a highly classified and sensitive intelligence topic, and for compartmenting information. In the context of discussing code words used in the President's Daily Brief (PDB) during the Johnson and Nixon administrations, former CIA Director Richard Helms wrote:[1]

"At the time, the highest security classification was known as Top Secret/Code Word. In practice, the slug — as we called it — 'Top Secret/Code Word' was followed by a noun, so scrupulously chosen that even the most intuitive intruder could not associate a glimpse of the code word with the subject matter it protected. In my day there were a dozen or more of these tightly compartmented classifications of information. Aside from the President and a few others — usually the Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, and National Security Advisor — no other government official was automatically cleared for 'all source' reports. The lesser recipients of specific code word data had to have a clearly established 'need to know' the substance of the compartmentalized report. Compartmentation, as we called it, is one of the most effective means of protecting sensitive data. As surely as Heaven gave us little green apples, it would be my luck to pick a five-letter noun that is in current use."

Top Secret/Code Word documents contained "highly classified and sensitive intelligence."[1]

Format of cryptonyms

Each CIA cryptonym contains a two character prefix called a digraph, which designates a geographical or functional area. Certain digraphs were changed over time; for example, the digraph for the Soviet Union changed at least twice.

The rest is either an arbitrary dictionary word, or occasionally the digraph and the cryptonym combine to form a dictionary word (e.g. AEROPLANE) or can be read out as a simple phrase (e.g. WIBOTHER, read as "Why bother!"). Cryptonyms are sometimes written with a slash after the digraph, e.g. ZR/RIFLE, and sometimes in one sequence, e.g. ZRRIFLE. The latter format is the more common style in CIA documents.

Examples from publications by former CIA personnel show that the terms "code name" and "cryptonym" can refer to the names of operations as well as to individual persons. TRIGON, for example, was the code name for Aleksandr Ogorodnik, a member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in what was then the Soviet Union, whom the CIA developed as a spy;

wiretap the Soviet and Cuban embassies was code-named ENVOY.[5]

Some cryptonyms relate to more than one subject, e.g. a group of people. In this case, the basic cryptonym, e.g. LICOZY, will designate the whole group, while each group member is designated by a sequence number, e.g. LICOZY/3, which can also be written LICOZY-3, or just L-3.

Digraphs

Partial list of digraphs and probable definitions

Template:Multicol

  • AE: Soviet Union
  • AM: Cuba (1960s)
  • AV: Uruguay
  • BE: Poland
  • BI: Argentina
  • CK: Soviet Union
  • DB: Iraq
  • DI: Czechoslovakia
  • DM: SFRY|Yugoslavia
  • DN: South Korea
  • DU: Peru
  • EC: Ecuador
  • ES: Guatemala
  • GT: Soviet Union
  • HA: Indonesia (1958)
  • IA: Angola[6]

Template:Multicol-break

  • JM Cuba
  • KU: Part of CIA (1960s)
  • LC: China
  • LI: Mexico
  • MH: Worldwide operation.
  • MK: CIA
    Technical Services Division
    (1950s/1960s)
  • MO: Thailand
  • OD: Other US Government Departments (1960s)
  • PB: Guatemala
  • PO: Japan
  • SD: Iran
  • SM: United Kingdom
  • TP: Iran (1953)
  • TU: South Vietnam
  • WI: Democratic Republic of the Congo (1960s)
  • ZR: Intelligence intercept program of CIA Staff D ops, the group that worked directly with the NSA (National Security Agency).

Template:Multicol-end

Unidentified digraphs

BG, CA, DT, EC, ER, FJ, HB, HO, HT, JM, JU, KM, LC, QK, SE, SC, SG, WS, ZI

Cryptonyms

Template:Multicol

  • AEFOXTROT:
    Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko
    , a Soviet defector.
  • AELADLE: Anatoliy Golitsyn, a Soviet defector.
  • AMBIDDY-1: Manuel Artime.[7]
  • AMBLOOD: Luis Torroella y Martin Rivero, a CIA agent.[8]
  • AMCLATTER-1: Bernard Barker, one of the Watergate burglars.[9]
  • AMBUD
  • AMCLEOPATRA[10]
  • AMCOBRA[10]
  • AMCROW[10]
  • AMCRUZ or AMCRUX?[10]
  • AMFOX[10]
  • AMGLOSSY[10]
  • AMHALF[10]
  • AMJUDGE[10]
  • AMLASH: Plan to assassinate Fidel Castro associated mainly with Rolando Cubela. AMLASH has been referred to as a "basically one-person Cubela operation".[11]
  • AMLASH-1: Rolando Cubela Secades, a Cuban official involved in plot to kill Fidel Castro in 1963.
  • AMOT: Cuban exile informants of David Sánchez Morales.[12]
  • AMPALM-4[13]
  • AMQUACK: Che Guevara, Argentinian (later Cuban) guerrilla leader.
  • AMTHUG: Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba 1959-1976.[14]
  • AMTRUNK: A CIA plan by New York Times journalist Tad Szulc initiated in February 1963, also called the "Leonardo Plan," that was "an attempt to find disgruntled military officials in Cuba who might be willing to recruit higher military officials in a plot to overthrow Castro",[15] as well as to overthrow the Cuban government "by means of a conspiracy among high-level ... leaders of the government culminating in a coup d'etat".[11] AMTRUNK has also been described as a "CIA-DIA Task Force on Cuba",[16] and as "a plodding bureaucratic effort" that "had worked for months to identify Cuban leaders who might be able to stage a coup".[15]
  • AMWHIP-1: Business associate of
    Santo Trafficante, Jr. who was in contact with Rolando Cubela (AMLASH) in 1963.[17]
  • AMWORLD: A plan initiated June 28, 1963, to overthrow the Castro regime in a coup on December 1, 1963 (C-Day), that would have installed Juan Almeida Bosque, a top ranking Cuban military officer, as the new head of state.[18][13] Some Cuban exiles referred to C-Day as "Plan Omega".[19]
  • DBACHILLES: 1995 effort to support a military coup in Iraq.[20]
  • DBROCKSTARS : Iraqi spy ring recruited by the CIA shortly before the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[21]
  • HTAUTOMAT: Photointerpretation center for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft project.
  • HTKEEPER: Mexico City
  • HTLINGUAL: Mail interception operation 1952-1973.
  • HTNEIGH: National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) [1949-mid1950s]
  • HTPLUME: Panama
  • JMADD: CIA air base near city of Retalhuleu, Guatemala 1960-1961
  • JMATE: CIA Air operations office for the Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961
  • JMBELL: CIA office (location unknown) 1961
  • JMBLUG: John Peurifoy, U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala.
  • JMFURY: Preparatory strikes against Cuban airfields before Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961
  • JMGLOW: CIA Washington 1961
  • JMTIDE: CIA air base in Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua 1961
  • JMTRAX: CIA covert air base/training camp in Guatemala 1960-1961
  • JMWAVE: CIA station in Miami (that operated against Cuba).
  • JMZIP: CIA office (location unknown) 1961
  • KMFLUSH: Nicaragua
  • KMPAJAMA: Mexico
  • KMPLEBE: Peru

Template:Multicol-break

Template:Multicol-end

Unidentified cryptonyms

AEBARMAN, AEFOX, AEROPLANE, AVBLIMP, AVBRANDY, AVBUSY, CABOUNCE, CLOWER, ECJOB, ESGAIN, ESODIC, FJDEFLECT, GOLIATH, HBDRILL, HOPEFUL, JUBATE, JUBILIST, LCPANES, LICOZY, LPHIDDEN, ODIBEX, PBCABOOSE, QKENCHANT

Operations and projects

Template:Multicol

Template:Multicol-break

Template:Multicol-end

See also

List of military operations

Notes

  1. ^ a b Helms 2003, pp. 378-379
  2. ^ Wallace and Melton, pp. 88-102
  3. ^ Helms 2003, p. 216
  4. ^ Helms 2003, p. 197
  5. ^ Weiner 2008, p. 258
  6. ^ "Our War" in Angola, May 22, 1978. TIME Magazine.
  7. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 878
  8. ^ Escalante, p. 89
  9. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 262
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 204
  11. ^ a b Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 215
  12. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 38
  13. ^ a b c d Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 794
  14. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 35
  15. ^ a b Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 216
  16. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009 p. 224
  17. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 19
  18. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 13
  19. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 589
  20. ^ Washington Post
  21. ^ Bob Woodward, Plan of attack
  22. ^ George Washington University
  23. ^ a b "El espía que impactó a México" (in Spanish). El Universal. Retrieved 2009-08-04. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  24. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, pp. 35, 136
  25. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 527
  26. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 709
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Smith 2003
  28. ^ OBOPUS/BGFIEND, RG263, Various documents, include Vol. 6, Box 47, National Archives, College Park, MD
  29. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, pp. 47, 50-51
  30. ^ a b Steve Coll, Ghost Wars, p.372
  31. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 894
  32. ^ a b Pedlow & Welzenbach, p. 274.
  33. ^ Contracting officer, Change of Project Funds Obligated Under Contract No. SS-100, Convair, San Diego, California, Project CHAMPION, DPD-2827-59, CIA, Washington, DC, 30 April 1959.
  34. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 37
  35. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 516
  36. ^ Pedlow & Welzenbach, p. 129.
  37. ^ Bissell, Richard M., Jr., "[...] Cable Handling Procedures," SAPC-21143, CIA, Washington, DC, 8 November 1957.
  38. ^ OBOPUS/BGFIEND, AHMET KABASHI, RG263, Name Files, National Archives, College Park, MD
  39. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 471
  40. ^ Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 438

Bibliography

  • Agee, Philip. 1975. Inside the Company: CIA Diary. Stonehill Publishing ISBN 0140040072, p. 48
  • Carl, Leo D. 1990. The International Dictionary of Intelligence. Mavin Books, p. 107
  • DPD Contracting Officer, Change of Project Funds Obligated under Contract No. SS-100. CIA DPD-2827-59, 30 April 1959.
  • Escalante, Fabian. 1995. The Secret War: CIA Covert Operations Against Cuba, 1959-62 ISBN 1875284869
  • Helms, Richard and Hood, William. 2003. A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. Random House, pp. 378-379
  • Pedlow, Gregory W. and Welzenbach, Donald E. 1992. The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954 - 1974. CIA History Staff
  • Smith W. Thomas. 2003. Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. Checkmark Books ISBN 0816046662
  • Stockwell, John. 1978. In Search of Enemies
  • Waldron, Lamar and Hartmann, Thom. 2009. Legacy of Secrecy: The Long Shadow of the JFK Assassination. Counterpoint (LS)
  • Waldron, Lamar and Hartmann, Thom. 2005. Ultimate Sacrifice: John and Robert Kennedy, the Plan for a Coup in Cuba, and the Murder of JFK Carroll & Graf Publishers (US)
  • Wallace, Robert and Melton, H. Keith. 2008. Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA's Spytechs from Communism to Al-Qaeda. Dutton
  • Weiner, Tim. 2008. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. Anchor Books
  • Wise, David. 1992. Molehunt. Random House, p. 19

External links

38°57′06″N 77°08′48″W / 38.95167°N 77.14667°W / 38.95167; -77.14667

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