Christie's: Difference between revisions
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* In 2006 Christie's lists for auction artefacts known to be looted from Bulgaria and refuses to stop the sale despite strong evidence from the Bulgaria's culture ministry.<ref name="Art Info News">{{cite news|title=Bulgaria, Christie's Face Off Over Looted Artifact|url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/24278/bulgaria-christies-face-off-over-looted-artifact/|accessdate=18 July 2011|newspaper=Art Info|date=7 November 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kodzhabasheva|first=Ani|title=Rogue excavators routinely steal and destroy Bulgaria's archaeological treasures|url=http://toglobalist.org/2011/06/antiques-roadshow/|accessdate=18 July 2011|newspaper=The Oxonian Globalist|date=7 June 2011}}</ref> |
* In 2006 Christie's lists for auction artefacts known to be looted from Bulgaria and refuses to stop the sale despite strong evidence from the Bulgaria's culture ministry.<ref name="Art Info News">{{cite news|title=Bulgaria, Christie's Face Off Over Looted Artifact|url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/24278/bulgaria-christies-face-off-over-looted-artifact/|accessdate=18 July 2011|newspaper=Art Info|date=7 November 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kodzhabasheva|first=Ani|title=Rogue excavators routinely steal and destroy Bulgaria's archaeological treasures|url=http://toglobalist.org/2011/06/antiques-roadshow/|accessdate=18 July 2011|newspaper=The Oxonian Globalist|date=7 June 2011}}</ref> |
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* Continuing to dominate the global market for fine arts, Christie's staged the five largest auctions of all time in November 2006,<ref name="Klimt"/> and May and June 2007. {{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} |
* Continuing to dominate the global market for fine arts, Christie's staged the five largest auctions of all time in November 2006,<ref name="Klimt"/> and May and June 2007. {{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} |
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* In May 2007, Christie's Paris auctioned 'L'Enfant et l'Art,' a Love & Art Children's Foundation collection created by children afflicted with cancer under the guidance of artist Alécia de Menezes Seidler. The art collection of 21 paintings auctioned by François Curiel, President of Christie's Europe, raised US$350,000 for the children of Les P'tits Cracks, a Parisian association dedicated to caring for children with cancer. Prior to the auction, the L'Enfant et l'Art collection exhibited at [[Les Arts Décoratifs]] in the [[Louvre Palace]].<ref>{{cite web|author=lefigaro.fr |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/magazine/20070504.MAG000000372_les_p_tits_cracks_contre_le_cancer.html |title=Le Figaro – Actualités |work=Le Figaro |language=French |accessdate=28 |
* In May 2007, Christie's Paris auctioned 'L'Enfant et l'Art,' a Love & Art Children's Foundation collection created by children afflicted with cancer under the guidance of artist Alécia de Menezes Seidler. The art collection of 21 paintings auctioned by François Curiel, President of Christie's Europe, raised US$350,000 for the children of Les P'tits Cracks, a Parisian association dedicated to caring for children with cancer. Prior to the auction, the L'Enfant et l'Art collection exhibited at [[Les Arts Décoratifs]] in the [[Louvre Palace]].<ref>{{cite web|author=lefigaro.fr |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/magazine/20070504.MAG000000372_les_p_tits_cracks_contre_le_cancer.html |title=Le Figaro – Actualités |work=Le Figaro |language=French |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> |
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* In November 2007, an album of eight leaves, ink on paper, by China's [[Ming Dynasty]] court painter [[Dong Qichang]] was sold at the Christie's Hong Kong Chinese Paintings Auction for US$6,235,500, a world auction record for the artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studiospecial.com/cl/aus/ |title=Christie's |publisher=Studiospecial.com |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> |
* In November 2007, an album of eight leaves, ink on paper, by China's [[Ming Dynasty]] court painter [[Dong Qichang]] was sold at the Christie's Hong Kong Chinese Paintings Auction for US$6,235,500, a world auction record for the artist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studiospecial.com/cl/aus/ |title=Christie's |publisher=Studiospecial.com |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> |
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*In 2008, the [[Ink and wash painting]] of [[Gundam]] drawn by Hisashi in 2005 was sold in the Christie's auction held in Hong Kong with a price of US$600,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://game.people.com.cn/BIG5/48602/48968/7304425.html |title=Most expensive Gundam picture sold in history |work=People's Daily |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamebase.com.tw/news/gb_news.html?sno=82974936 |title=Ink painting of Gundam sold at historical price |publisher=Gamebase.com.tw |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Lim, Le-Min |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aDjnvF2yaye4 |title=Gun-Slinging Robot, Wooden Beams Mark Quiet Hong Kong Art Sale |publisher=Bloomberg |date=25 May 2008 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Author: Artefact |url=http://www.sankakucomplex.com/2008/05/26/gundam-fetches-600000/ |title=Gundam Fetches $600,000 |publisher=Sankakucomplex.com |date=26 May 2008 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-05-26/gundam-painting-auctioned-for-us$600000+in-hong-kong |title=Gundam Painting Auctioned for US$600,000+ in Hong Kong |publisher=Animenewsnetwork.com |date=24 February 2012 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> |
*In 2008, the [[Ink and wash painting]] of [[Gundam]] drawn by Hisashi in 2005 was sold in the Christie's auction held in Hong Kong with a price of US$600,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://game.people.com.cn/BIG5/48602/48968/7304425.html |title=Most expensive Gundam picture sold in history |work=People's Daily |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamebase.com.tw/news/gb_news.html?sno=82974936 |title=Ink painting of Gundam sold at historical price |publisher=Gamebase.com.tw |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Lim, Le-Min |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aDjnvF2yaye4 |title=Gun-Slinging Robot, Wooden Beams Mark Quiet Hong Kong Art Sale |publisher=Bloomberg |date=25 May 2008 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Author: Artefact |url=http://www.sankakucomplex.com/2008/05/26/gundam-fetches-600000/ |title=Gundam Fetches $600,000 |publisher=Sankakucomplex.com |date=26 May 2008 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-05-26/gundam-painting-auctioned-for-us$600000+in-hong-kong |title=Gundam Painting Auctioned for US$600,000+ in Hong Kong |publisher=Animenewsnetwork.com |date=24 February 2012 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> |
Revision as of 16:37, 25 April 2015
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Christie's is an art business and a fine arts auction house, currently the world's largest, with sales for the first half of 2012 some $3.5 billion, representing the highest total for a corresponding period in company and art market history.[1]
Christie's has its main headquarters in London on King Street and Rockefeller Plaza in New York.[2] It is owned by Groupe Artémis, the holding company of François-Henri Pinault.[3]
History
Founding
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Peep-at-Christies-Gillray.jpeg/220px-Peep-at-Christies-Gillray.jpeg)
The official company literature states that founder James Christie conducted the first sale in London, England, on 5 December 1766,[4] and the earliest auction catalogue the company retains is from December 1766. However, other sources note that James Christie rented auction rooms from 1762, and newspaper advertisements of Christie's sales dating from 1759 have also been traced.[5] Christie's soon established a reputation as a leading auction house, and took advantage of London's new found status as the major centre of the international art trade after the French Revolution. From 1859, the company was called Christie, Manson & Woods. In 1958, it established its first overseas office, by placing a representative in Rome. The first overseas salesroom opened in Geneva, where Christie's holds jewellery auctions.
1973–1999
Christie's was a public company, listed on the London Stock Exchange from 1973 to 1999. In 1974, Jo Floyd was appointed chairman of Christie's. He served as chairman of Christie's International P.L.C. from 1976 to 1988, until handing over to Lord Carrington, and later was a non-executive member of the board of directors until 1992.[6] The auction house's subsidiary Christie's International Inc. held its first sale in the United States in 1977, 13 years later than Sotheby's. Christie's growth was slow but steady since 1989, when it had 42 percent of the auction market.[7] In 1990, the company reversed a longstanding policy and guaranteed a minimum price for a collection of artworks in its May auctions.[8] In 1996, the auction house's sales eclipsed Sotheby's for the first time since 1954.[9] However, its profits did not grow at the same pace;[10] from 1993 through 1997, Christie's annual pretax profits were about $60 million, whereas Sotheby's annual pretax profits were about $265 million for those years.[11]
In 1993, Christie's paid $10.9 million for the London gallery Spink & Sons, which specialised in Oriental art and British paintings; the gallery was run as a separate entity from the auction house. The company bought Leger Gallery for $3.3 million in 1996, and merged it with Spink to become Spink-Leger.[12] Spink-Leger was closed in 2002. To make itself competitive with Sotheby's in real estate, Christie's bought Great Estates in 1995, then the largest network of independent real estate brokers in North America, changing its name to Christie's Great Estates Inc.[7]
1998 takeover
In December 1997, under the chairmanship of
Like Sotheby's, Christie's became increasingly involved in high-profile private transactions. In 2006, Christie's offered a reported $21 million guarantee to the
On 28 December 2008, The Sunday Times reported that Pinault's debts left him "considering" the sale of Christie's and that a number of "private equity groups" were thought to be interested in its acquisition.[23] In January 2009, Christie's was reported to employ 2,100 people worldwide, though an unspecified number of staff and consultants were soon to be cut due to a worldwide downturn in the art market;[24] later news reports said that 300 jobs would be cut.[25] With sales for premier Impressionist, Modern, and contemporary artworks tallying only $US248.8 million in comparison to $US739 million just a year before, a second round of job cuts began after May 2009 when the auction house was still reported to employ 1,900 people worldwide.[26] One of the auction house's "rainmakers" in the sale of Impressionist and Modern art, Guy Bennett, resigned from the auction house just prior to the beginning of the summer 2009 sales season.[27] Although the economic downturn has encouraged some collectors to sell art, others are unwilling to sell in a market which may yield only bargain prices.[25]
Today
In September 2010, former Rodale president Steven Pleshette Murphy became the first American CEO in the history of the auction house.[28] Shortly after, the Financial Times reported that Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani was interested in acquiring the company.[29] As of 2012, Impressionist works, which dominated the market during the 1980s boom, have been replaced by contemporary art as Christie's top category. Asian art was the third most-lucrative area.[13] With income from classic auctioneering falling, treaty sales made £413.4 million ($665 million) in the first half of 2012, an increase of 53% on the same period last year; they now represent more than 18% of turnover.[30]
Commissions
From 2008 until 2013, Christie's charged 25 percent for the first $50,000; 20 percent on the amount between $50,001 and $1 million, and 12 percent on the rest. From 2013, it charged 25 percent for the first $75,000; 20 percent on the next $75,001 to $1.5 million and 12 percent on the rest.[31]
Locations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Christies_South_Kensington.jpg/220px-Christies_South_Kensington.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Christie%27s_%28Manhattan%2C_New_York%29_001.jpg/220px-Christie%27s_%28Manhattan%2C_New_York%29_001.jpg)
Christie's main London salesroom is on King Street in
In 1977, Christie's opened a branch on New York's Park Avenue, with a salesroom accommodating about 600 people. Increasingly cramped for space, the auction house signed a 30-year lease in 1997 for a 300,000-square-foot space in Rockefeller Center for $40 million.[32] (The Christie's New York sign was created by Nancy Meyers during the production of the 2003 film Something's Gotta Give for an exterior shot; the auction house liked the sign so much that it requested the production leave it after shooting finished.) Until 2001, Christie's East, a division that sold lower-priced art and objects, was located at 219 East 67th Street. In 1996, Christie's bought a town house on East 59th Street in Manhattan as a separate gallery where experts could show clients art in complete privacy to conduct private treaty sales.[7] Christie's opened a Beverly Hills salesroom in 1997.[33]
As of January 2009,
Price-fixing scandal
In 2000, allegations surfaced of a price-fixing arrangement between Christie's and Sotheby's, another major auction house. Executives from Christie's subsequently alerted the Department of Justice of their suspicions of commission-fixing collusion.
Christie's gained immunity from prosecution in the United States as a longtime employee of Christie's confessed and cooperated with the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Numerous members of Sotheby's senior management were fired soon thereafter, and A. Alfred Taubman, the largest shareholder of Sotheby's at the time, took most of the blame; he and Dede Brooks (the CEO) were given jail sentences, and Christie's, Sotheby's and their owners also paid a civil lawsuit settlement of $512 million.[34][35][36]
Notable auctions
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pontormo_%28Jacopo_Carucci%29_%28Italian%2C_Florentine%29_-_Portrait_of_a_Halberdier_%28Francesco_Guardi%3F%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/175px-Pontormo_%28Jacopo_Carucci%29_%28Italian%2C_Florentine%29_-_Portrait_of_a_Halberdier_%28Francesco_Guardi%3F%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2012) |
- In 1987, during the world record priceof £5.5 million.
- In May 1989, Pontormo's Portrait of a Halberdier was sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum for $35.2 million, more than tripling the previous auction record for an Old Master painting.[37]
- In 1998, Christie's in New York sold the famous Archimedes Palimpsest after the conclusion of a lawsuit in which its ownership was disputed.
- In November 1999, a single strand necklace of 41 natural and graduated pearls, which belonged to Barbara Hutton, was auctioned by Christie's Geneva for $1,476,000.
- In June 2001, Elton John sold 20 of his cars at Christie's, saying he didn't get the chance to drive them because he was out of the country so often. The sale, which included a 1993 Jaguar XJ220, the most expensive at £234,750, and several Ferraris, Rolls-Royces, and Bentleys, raised nearly £2 million.
- In 2006, a single Imperial Qing Dynastyporcelain bowl, another item which belonged to Barbara Hutton, was auctioned by Christie's Hong Kong for a price of $22,240,000.
- 16 May 2006, Christie's auctioned a Stradivarius called The Hammer for a record US$3,544,000. It was, at that time, the most paid at public auction for any musical instrument.[38]
- In October 2006, Christie's auctioned 1,000 lots of official Enterprise-D, used in Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek Generationssold for $500,000.
- In November 2006, four celebrated paintings by restituted by Austria to Jewish heirs after a lengthy legal battle.[39]
- In December 2006, The black dress worn by Audrey Hepburn in the film Breakfast at Tiffany'swas sold for £467,200 at Christie's South Kensington.
- In 2006 Christie's lists for auction artefacts known to be looted from Bulgaria and refuses to stop the sale despite strong evidence from the Bulgaria's culture ministry.[40][41]
- Continuing to dominate the global market for fine arts, Christie's staged the five largest auctions of all time in November 2006,[39] and May and June 2007. [citation needed]
- In May 2007, Christie's Paris auctioned 'L'Enfant et l'Art,' a Love & Art Children's Foundation collection created by children afflicted with cancer under the guidance of artist Alécia de Menezes Seidler. The art collection of 21 paintings auctioned by François Curiel, President of Christie's Europe, raised US$350,000 for the children of Les P'tits Cracks, a Parisian association dedicated to caring for children with cancer. Prior to the auction, the L'Enfant et l'Art collection exhibited at Les Arts Décoratifs in the Louvre Palace.[42]
- In November 2007, an album of eight leaves, ink on paper, by China's Ming Dynasty court painter Dong Qichang was sold at the Christie's Hong Kong Chinese Paintings Auction for US$6,235,500, a world auction record for the artist.[43]
- In 2008, the
- On 24 May 2008, Le Bassin Aux Nymphéas by Claude Monet was sold for a price of $80.4 million, the highest price ever for a Monet.
- Over a three-day sale in Paris in February 2009, Christie's auctioned the monumental private collection of Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé for a record-breaking 370 million euros (US$490 million).[49] It was the most expensive private collection ever sold at auction,[50] breaking auction records for Brâncuși, Matisse, and Mondrian.[49] A "Dragons'" armchair by Irish furniture designer Eileen Gray sold for 21.9 million euros (US$28 million), setting an auction record for a piece of 20th century decorative art.[49][51][52]
- The 2009 auction (for US$36 million) of two imperial bronze zodiac sculptures collected by Yves Saint Laurent, looted in 1860 from the Old Summer Palace of Beijing by French and British forces at the close of the Second Opium War caused controversy.[53]
- Christie's has auctioned artwork and personal possessions linked to historical figures such as Napoleon Bonaparte; Marilyn Monroe; and others.
- Christie's Hong Kong, November 2009 sale of Fine Modern Chinese Paintings, sold a work by Fu Baoshi titled "Landscape inspired by Dufu's Poetic Sentiments", for HK$60,020,000 (US$7,780,105) – a world record for the artist.
- Christie's auctioned Pablo Picasso's Nude, Green Leaves and Bust on 4 May 2010. The piece sold for US$106.5 million, making the sale among the most expensive paintings ever sold.
- On 14 June 2010 Amedeo Modigliani's Tête, a limestone sculpture of a woman's head, became the second most expensive sculpture ever sold and the most expensive work of art sold in France.
- On 18 April 2012, the silver cup given to the marathon winner, Greek athlete Spyridon Louis, at the first modern Olympic Games staged in Athens in 1896 sold for UK£541,250 (US$860,000), breaking the auction record for Olympic memorabilia.[54]
- On 22 June 2012 The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. This was the record for a document sold at auction.[55]
- On 12 November 2013,
Christie's Fine Art Storage Services (CFASS)
Christie's first ventured into storage services for outside clients in 1984, when it opened a 100,000 square feet brick warehouse in London that was granted "Exempted Status" by
Located near the Upper Bay tidal waterway near the Atlantic Ocean, the Brooklyn facility was hit by at least one storm surge during
Christie's International Real Estate
Christie's clients who buy and sell works of art often request real estate services. To satisfy this demand, Great Estates, founded in 1987, was acquired by the auction house in 1995.
Christie's Education graduate programmes
The educational arm of Christie's auction house is called
Ventures
Christie's Images is the picture library for the auction house and has an archive of several million fine and decorative art images representing items sold in its sale rooms around the world. With offices in New York and London, images are available for reproduction.
With Bonhams, Christie's is a shareholder in the London-based Art Loss Register, a privately owned database used by law enforcement services worldwide to trace and recover stolen art.[70]
References
- ^ Crow, Kelly. "Art Sales: A Study in Contrasts", The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ^ "Christie's locations". Christies.com.
- ^ "Christie's". Groupe Artémis.
- ^ "Christies.com – About Us". Retrieved 3 December 2008.
James Christie conducted the first sale in London on 5 December 1766.
- ^ Gazetteer and London Daily Advertiser (London, England), 25 September 1762; Issue 10460
- New York Times.
- ^ New York Times.
- New York Times.
- New York Times.
- ^ New York Times.
- ^ New York Times.
- New York Times.
- ^ a b Scott Reyburn (17 July 2012), Rothko, Private Sales Help Boost Christie's Revenue 13% Bloomberg.
- ^ Souren Melikian (17 January 2004), The battle of Paris: Christie's rising International Herald Tribune.
- New York Times.
- New York Observer.
- ^ Colin Gleadell (27 February 2007), Christie's move stuns dealers The Daily Telegraph.
- New York Sun.
- ^ Sarah Thornton (2 June 2010), Smoked venison The Economist.
- New York Magazine.
- ^ Sarah Thornton (2 June 2010), Smoked venison The Economist.
- New York Observer.
- ^ Walsh, Kate (28 December 2008). "Pinault woes may force Château Latour sell-off". (London) Sunday Times. Retrieved 14 January 2009.
- ^ a b Werdigier, Julia (12 January 2009). "Christie's Plans Cuts as Auctions Slow". New York Times. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
- ^ a b Holson, Laura M. (8 February 2009). "In World of High-Glamour, Low-Pay Jobs, the Recession Has Its Bright Spots". New York Times. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
- ^ "Christie's Resumes Cutting Jobs After May N.Y. Auctions Decline". Bloomberg News. 18 June 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
- ^ Vogel, Carol (18 June 2009). "Christie's Executive Leaves a Top Post". New York Times. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
- ^ Peter White (28 March 2013). Christie's opens doors to BBC2. Broadcast Now. Accessed September 2013.
- ^ Scott Reyburn (26 October 2010), Qatar Mulls Christie's Bid as Emir Plans Cultural Hub Bloomberg.
- ^ Georgina Adam (17 October 2012), Battle for private selling shows The Art Newspaper.
- New York Times.
- New York Times.
- ^ Irene Lacher (2 August 1996), Christie's Ups the Ante With Beverly Hills Space Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Rohleder, Anna (2001). "Who's Who in the Sotheby's Price-Fixing Trial". Forbes. New York. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
- ISBN 978-1-4406-0480-5.
- ^ "Going Once, Going Twice… Glamour, Greed and Fraud at Sotheby's and Christie's". Knowledge@Wharton. University of Pennsylvania. 8 September 2004. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
- ^ Kimmelman, Michael (3 June 1989). "The Getty Fills a Role, for Itself and the Public". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
- ^ "Stradivarius tops auction record". BBC News. 17 May 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
- ^ a b Vogel, Carol (9 November 2006). "$491 Million Sale at Christie's Shatters Art Auction Record". New York Times. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
- ^ "Bulgaria, Christie's Face Off Over Looted Artifact". Art Info. 7 November 2006. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ Kodzhabasheva, Ani (7 June 2011). "Rogue excavators routinely steal and destroy Bulgaria's archaeological treasures". The Oxonian Globalist. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ lefigaro.fr. "Le Figaro – Actualités". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ "Christie's". Studiospecial.com. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ "Most expensive Gundam picture sold in history". People's Daily. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ "Ink painting of Gundam sold at historical price". Gamebase.com.tw. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ Lim, Le-Min (25 May 2008). "Gun-Slinging Robot, Wooden Beams Mark Quiet Hong Kong Art Sale". Bloomberg. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ Author: Artefact (26 May 2008). "Gundam Fetches $600,000". Sankakucomplex.com. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Gundam Painting Auctioned for US$600,000+ in Hong Kong". Animenewsnetwork.com. 24 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ a b c "Record-breaking YSL auction shrugs off crisis". Reuters. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
- ^ Erlanger, Steve (23 February 2009). "Yves Saint Laurent Art Sale Brings In $264 Million". New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
- ^ "Eileen Gray 'Dragons' Chair Fetches $28 Million on Day Two of YSL Sale". mediabistro. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
- ^ "YSL's seat sells for £19million". Metro.co.uk. 25 February 2009.
- ^ Harris, George (2 March 2009). "China demands return of Christie's 'looted relics'". France 24. Agence France-Presse (AFP). Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Marathon cup from 1896 sets Olympics auction record". Reuters. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ "NYC Auction of George Washington Document Sets Record". CBS News New York. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- ^ Vogel, Carol (12 November 2013). "At $142.4 Million, Triptych Is the Most Expensive Artwork Ever Sold at an Auction". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
- ^ Sherwin, Adam (13 November 2013). "When Lucian met Francis: Relationship that spawned most expensive painting ever sold". The Independent. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
- ^ "Bacon painting fetches record price". BBC. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
- ^ Swaine, Jon (13 November 2013). "Francis Bacon triptych smashes art auction record". Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
- ^ Wall Street Journal.
- ^ a b Laura Gilbert (April 26, 2013), An exodus from Red Hook The Art Newspaper.
- New York Times.
- Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Laura Gilbert (August 20, 2013), Axa sues Christie's storage services over Sandy damage The Art Newspaper.
- ^ Laura Gilbert (December 12, 2013), Christie's storage hit by second lawsuit over storm damage The Art Newspaper.
- ^ "Luxury Real Estate and Homes for Sale – Christie's International Real Estate". Christiesrealestate.com. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ "BBC News – New York penthouse sells for $88m". BBC. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ "Most Expensive U.S. Home Sale Ever: Connecticut Estate Goes For $120 Million". Forbes.com. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- New York Times.
- ^ The Art Loss Register, Ltd.: "The Art Loss Register is the world's largest database of stolen art and antiques dedicated to their recovery. Its shareholders include Christie's, Bonhams, members of the insurance industry and art trade associations. " Retrieved 27 September 2008.
Bibliography
- J. Herbert, Inside Christie's, London, 1990 (ISBN 978-0340430439)
- P. A. Colson, The Story of Christie's, London, 1950
- H. C. Marillier, Christie's, 1766–1925, London, 1926
- M. A. Michael, A Brief History of Christie's Education... , London, 2008 (ISBN 978-0955780707)
- W. Roberts, Memorials of Christie's, 2 vols, London, 1897
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Official website
- Christie's Education Graduate Programmes official website
- Christie's International Real Estate – Luxury Properties and Estates official website
- Christie's page on Arcadja Art database with several auction catalogs
- Bill Brooks – Daily Telegraph obituary
- Christie's Fine Art Storage Services – Official website