Boletales: Difference between revisions

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<ref name="Hennings 1897">{{cite journal |author=Hennings P. |title=Fungi camerunenses II |journal=Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie |year=1897 |volume=23 |pages=537–58 |language=German}}</ref>
<ref name="Hennings 1897">{{cite journal |author=Hennings P. |title=Fungi camerunenses II |journal=Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie |year=1897 |volume=23 |pages=537–58 |language=German}}</ref>


<ref name="McNabb">[http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjb/1967/37.php McNabb R.F.R. (1967) The Strobilomycetaceae of New Zealand] gives a history of this smaller family.</ref>
<ref name="McNabb">[http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjb/1967/37.php McNabb R.F.R. (1967) The Strobilomycetaceae of New Zealand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050530095701/http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjb/1967/37.php |date=2005-05-30 }} gives a history of this smaller family.</ref>


<ref name=may07>May, T.W., Milne, J., Wood, A.E., Shingles, S., Jones, R.H. & Neish, P. (2007). Interactive Catalogue of Australian Fungi. Version 2.0. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra / Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne. {{cite web |url=http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/fungi/cat/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-02-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040815132839/http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/fungi/cat/ |archivedate=2004-08-15 |df= }} [accessed 05 Feb 2007].</ref>
<ref name=may07>May, T.W., Milne, J., Wood, A.E., Shingles, S., Jones, R.H. & Neish, P. (2007). Interactive Catalogue of Australian Fungi. Version 2.0. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra / Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne. {{cite web |url=http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/fungi/cat/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-02-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040815132839/http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/fungi/cat/ |archivedate=2004-08-15 |df= }} [accessed 05 Feb 2007].</ref>

Revision as of 10:10, 22 December 2017

Boletales
Boletus edulis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Subclass:
Agaricomycetidae
Order:
Boletales

E.-J.Gilbert (1931)[1]
Families
Boletaceae
Boletinellaceae
Coniophoraceae
Diplocystaceae
Gasterellaceae
Gastrosporiaceae
Gomphidiaceae
Gyroporaceae
Hygrophoropsidaceae
Paxillaceae
Protogastraceae
Rhizopogonaceae
Sclerodermataceae
Serpulaceae
Suillaceae
Tapinellaceae

The Boletales are an order of

gasteromycetes
, and other fruiting-body types.

Taxonomy

Gomphidius subroseus, family Gomphidiaceae

The order Boletales originally was erected to describe boletes, but based on

false truffles
).

Phylogenetic analyses shows the

Scleroderma than to Boletus.[3] Similarly, the bolete genus Suillus is more closely related to the agarics and false truffles of Chroogomphus, Gomphidius, and Rhizopogon than to Boletus.[4]

In some older classification systems, a part of the family Boletaceae was separated to form the family Strobilomycetaceae.[5][6] However, more recent molecular genetics studies have found it to be an unnatural grouping.[7] According to the 2008 (10th) edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi, the Boletales comprise 17 families, 96 genera, and 1316 species.[8]

Ecology

B. parasiticus on Scleroderma citrinum

The Boletales are largely

parasitic rather than ectomycorrhizal. Members of the family Gomphidiaceae are thought to be parasitic upon members of the family Suillaceae; these relationships are often highly species-specific. Other parasitic boletes included Pseudoboletus parasiticus which grows on Scleroderma citrinum.[9]

Edibility and identification

Paxillus involutus, family Paxillaceae

Boletes are usually identified by having a sponge-like surface under the cap, instead of the usual gills. They occur in a variety of colours, such as red, white, brown and gray. Many of the inedible boletes are either white or red, and these should be avoided during picking.

The genus Boletus contains many edible species, most notably,

B. badius. B. edulis and its relatives are of great commercial importance in Europe and North America. Species of Suillus
are considered by many to be slimy and insipid; in Russia, though, they are often pickled and even sold commercially this way. In North America, S. pungens, known also as the "slippery jack," is said by some to be delicious cooked, provided the slimy coat of its cap is removed beforehand. Many boletes, while not toxic, are nonetheless bitter-tasting and inedible.

The

Boletus satanas and allies. Still, many mushroom hunters
recommend that beginners start with boletes, since deadly mix-ups are far less likely than with agarics.

Genera incertae sedis

There are several genera classified in the Boletales that are i) poorly known, ii) have not been subjected to DNA analysis, or iii) if analysed phylogenetically do not group with as yet named or identified families, and have not been assigned to a specific family (i.e., incertae sedis with respect to familial placement). These include:

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Boletales.

References

  1. ^ Gilbert J.-E. (1931). Les Livres du Mycologue Tome I-IV, Tom. III: Les Bolets (in French). Paris: Le François. p. 83.
  2. PMID 17486973
    .
  3. PMID 21156480
    .
  4. ^ Besl H, Bresinsky A. (1997). Chemosystematics of Suillaceae and Gomphidiaceae (suborder Suillineae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 206:223–242. (abstract)
  5. ^ McNabb R.F.R. (1967) The Strobilomycetaceae of New Zealand Archived 2005-05-30 at the Wayback Machine gives a history of this smaller family.
  6. ^ May, T.W., Milne, J., Wood, A.E., Shingles, S., Jones, R.H. & Neish, P. (2007). Interactive Catalogue of Australian Fungi. Version 2.0. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra / Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-02-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) [accessed 05 Feb 2007].
  7. doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0283-8
    .
  8. ISBN 0-85199-826-7
    .
  9. ISBN 0-7307-5528-2
    .
  10. ^ Hennings P. (1897). "Fungi camerunenses II". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in German). 23: 537–58.
  11. JSTOR 3758712
    .
  12. ^ States JS, Fogel R (1999). "Marthanella nidulosa, sp. et gen. nov., a hypogeous basidiomycete from northern Arizona, U.S.A." Mycotaxon. 71: 423–30.
  13. ^ Patouillard NT. (1900). "Champignons de la Guadeloupe". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 16: 175–88.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boletales&oldid=816592497"