Raceme

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Spike (botany)
)
This article is about the botanical term. For mixtures of chiral compounds in chemistry, see
Racemates
.
The inflorescence of a Phalaenopsis orchid, is a typical raceme.

A raceme (/reɪˈsiːm, rə-/) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows in height, with no predetermined growth limit. Examples of racemes occur on mustard (genus Brassica), radish (genus Raphanus), and orchid (genus Phalaenopsis) plants.

Definition

A raceme or racemoid is an unbranched,

Cimicifuga racemosa. A compound raceme, also called a panicle, has a branching main axis. Examples of racemes occur on mustard (genus Brassica) and radish (genus Raphanus) plants.[3]

Spike

A

Spike (botany) is an unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence, similar to a raceme, but bearing sessile flowers (sessile flowers are attached directly, without stalks).[2] Examples occur on Malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda) and chaff flowers (genus Achyranthes).[3] A spikelet can refer to a small spike, although it primarily refers to the ultimate flower cluster unit in grasses (family Poaceae) and sedges (family Cyperaceae),[2] in which case the stalk supporting the cluster becomes the pedicel. A true spikelet comprises one or more florets enclosed by two glumes (sterile bracts), with flowers and glumes arranged in two opposite rows along the spikelet. Examples occur on rice (species Oryza sativa) and wheat (genus Triticum), both grasses.[3]

Catkin

An ament or catkin is very similar to a spike or raceme "but with subtending bracts so conspicuous as to conceal the flowers until pollination, as in the pussy–willow, alder, [and] birch...". These are sometimes called amentaceous plants.[4]

Spadix

A

spathes. Usually the female flowers grow at the base, and male flowers grow above.[3] They are a characteristic of the family Araceae, for example jack–in–the–pulpit (species Arisaema triphyllum) and wild calla (genus Calla).[4]

Examples

Etymology

From classical Latin, a racemus is a cluster of grapes.[5]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-7872-2108-9
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8203-2455-5
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-1-259-06430-2
    .
  4. ^ a b Gilman, Daniel Coit., ed. (1907). The new international encyclopædia. Vol. 10. Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 618.
  5. ^ Oxford English Dictionary. Raceme 2. Bot. A type of inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged on short, nearly equal, lateral pedicels, at equal distances along a single elongated axis
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