Cyperus

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Cyperus
Dwarf umbrella-sedge, Cyperus albostriatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Cyperus
L.
Species

About 700

Synonyms[1]
List
  • Acorellus Palla ex Kneuck.
  • Adupla Bosc ex Juss.
  • Aliniella J.Raynal, nom. illeg., non Skvortzow
  • Alinula J.Raynal
  • Androcoma Nees
  • Androtrichum (Brongn.) Brongn.
  • Anosporum Nees
  • Antrolepis Welw.
  • Ascolepis Nees
  • Ascopholis C.E.C.Fisch.
  • Atomostylis Steud.
  • Borabora Steud.
  • Chlorocyperus Rikli
  • Comostemum Nees
  • Courtoisina Soják
  • Crepidocarpus Klotzsch ex Boeckeler
  • Cylindrolepis Boeckeler
  • Cyprolepis Steud.
  • Diclidium Schrad. ex Nees
  • Didymia Phil.
  • Distimus Raf.
  • Duval-jouvea Palla
  • Epiphystis Trin.
  • Eucyperus Rikli
  • Galilea Parl.
  • Hedychloe Raf.
  • Hemicarpha Nees
  • Hydroschoenus Zoll. & Moritzi
  • Hypaelyptum Vahl
  • Indocourtoisia Bennet & Raizada
  • Juncellus C.B.Clarke
  • Killinga T.Lestib.
  • Kyllinga Rottb.
  • Kyllingiella R.W.Haines & Lye
  • Lipocarpha R.Br.
  • Lyprolepis Steud.
  • Mariscopsis Cherm.
  • Marisculus Goetgh
  • Mariscus Gaertn., nom. illeg., non Scop.
  • Mariscus Vahl,
    nom. cons.
  • Megarrhena Schrad. ex Nees
  • Opetiola Gaertn.
  • Oxycaryum Nees
  • Papyrus Willd.
  • Platylepis Kunth
  • Pseudomariscus Rauschert
  • Pterachne Schrad. ex Nees
  • Pterocyperus Opiz
  • Pterogyne Schrad. ex Nees
  • Pycreus P.Beauv.
  • Queenslandiella Domin
  • Raynalia Soják
  • Remirea Aubl.
  • Rikliella J.Raynal
  • Sorostachys Steud.
  • Sphaerocyperus Lye
  • Sphaeromariscus E.G.Camus
  • Thryocephalon J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
  • Torreya Raf.
  • Torulinium Desv. ex Ham.
  • Trentepohlia Boeckeler
  • Ungeria Nees ex C.B.Clarke
  • Volkiella Merxm. & Czech

Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.[2][3]

Description

They are

perennial plants, mostly aquatic and growing in still or slow-moving water up to 0.5 metres (20 in) deep. The species vary greatly in size, with small species only 5 centimetres (2 in) tall, while others can reach 5 metres (16 ft) in height. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges and galingales. The stems are circular in cross-section in some, triangular in others, usually leafless for most of their length, with the slender grass-like leaves at the base of the plant, and in a whorl at the apex of the flowering stems. The flowers are greenish and wind-pollinated; they are produced in clusters among the apical leaves. The seed is a small nutlet.[4][5][6]

Ecology

Cyperus species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including Chedra microstigma. They also provide an alternative food source for Bicyclus anynana larvae.[7] The seeds and tubers are an important food for many small birds and mammals.

extinct; the former was only found once, in 1995, and the latter has not been seen in the last 200 years. The "true" papyrus sedge of Ancient Egypt, C. papyrus subsp. hadidii, is also very rare today due to draining of its wetland habitat; feared extinct in the mid-20th century, it is still found at a few sites in the Wadi El Natrun region and northern Sudan
.

Some tuber-bearing species on the other hand, most significantly the purple nutsedge,

invasive weeds
in much of the world.

Diversity

Main article: List of Cyperus species

Around 700 species are currently recognised in the genus Cyperus.[8]

Fossil record

Many

West Carpathians, Poland.[10]

Use by humans

Papyrus sedge (

Yokot'an Maya of Tabasco, Mexico, for weaving petates (sleeping mats) and sombreros. C. textilis and C. pangorei are traditionally used to produce the typical mats of Palakkad in India, and the makaloa mats of Niihau were made from C. laevigatus
.

The

Paiutes, Cyperus tubers were a mainstay food, to the extent that they were known as tövusi-dökadö ("nutsedge tuber eaters")[11]

Priprioca (C. articulatus) is one of the traditional spices of the Amazon region and its reddish essential oil is used commercially both by the cosmetic industry, and increasingly as a flavoring for food.[12][13] Interest is increasing in the larger, fast-growing species as crops for paper and biofuel production.

Some species are grown as

pot plants
, notably:

Some Cyperus species are used in

kampō
.

An unspecified Cyperus is mentioned as an abortifacient in the 11th-century poem De viribus herbarum.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cyperus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  2. ^ "Cyperus L., Sp. Pl.: 44 (1753)". Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  3. doi:10.1002/tax.596021
    .
  4. ^ Gordon C. Tucker; Brian G. Marcks; J. Richard Carter (2003). "Cyperus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 26. 1754". In Flora of North Americaial Committee (ed.). Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Flora of North America. Vol. 23. Oxford University Press. pp. 141–191.
  5. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
    . pp. 423–440.
  6. ^ G. E. Schatz, S. Andriambololonera, Andrianarivelo, M. W. Callmander, Faranirina, P. P. Lowry, P. B. Phillipson, Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, Rajaonary, Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, Z. S. Rogers, C. M. Taylor & G. A. Wahlert (2011). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. S2CID 221678693
    .
  8. ^ "Cyperus". The Plant List. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  9. ^ Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985
  10. ^ Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3–117.
  11. ISBN 9780803223769
    .
  12. doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2011.11.001
    .
  13. Natura. "Perfumes baseados em Priprioca". Archived from the original
    on 3 April 2009.
  14. ^
    ISBN 9781405332965
    .
  15. ^ "How to Plant & Grow Dwarf Papyrus (Cyperus haspan)". Pond Informer. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  16. ^ Dijkstra, K.M. (2022). "Rood cypergras – Cyperus longus". Wilde planten in Nederland en België (in Dutch). K.M. Dijkstra. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  17. ISBN 978-0674168763
    .

External links
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