Cyperaceae
 | This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. (January 2023) |
| Cyperaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cyperus polystachyos flower head | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae Juss.[1] |
| Genera | |
|
88, see text[2] | |
The Cyperaceae (
These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in
wetlands, or with poor soils. Ecological communities
dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands or sedge meadows.
Some species superficially resemble the closely related
grasses. Features distinguishing members of the sedge family from grasses or rushes are stems with triangular cross-sections (with occasional exceptions, a notable example being the tule which has a round cross-section) and leaves that are spirally arranged in three ranks. In comparison, grasses have alternate leaves, forming two ranks.[8][9][10]
Some well-known sedges include the water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) and the papyrus sedge (Cyperus papyrus), from which the writing material papyrus was made. This family also includes cotton-grass (Eriophorum), spike-rush (Eleocharis), sawgrass (Cladium), nutsedge or nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus, a common lawn weed), and white star sedge (Rhynchospora colorata).
Genera
As of 2020[update], 88 genera are accepted in Kew's Plants of the World Online:[2]
- Actinoschoenus Benth.
- Actinoscirpus (Ohwi) R.W.Haines & Lye
- Afroscirpoides García-Madr. & Muasya
- Afrotrilepis (Gilly) J.Raynal
- Amphiscirpus Oteng-Yeb.
- Androtrichum (Brongn.) Brongn.
- Arthrostylis R.Br.
- Becquerelia Brongn.
- Bisboeckelera Kuntze
- Blysmus Panz. ex Schult.
- Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla
- Bulbostylis Kunth
- Calliscirpus C.N.Gilmour, J.R.Starr & Naczi
- Calyptrocarya Nees
- Capeobolus Browning
- Capitularina J.Kern
- Carex L.
- Carpha Banks & Sol. ex R.Br.
- Caustis R.Br.
- Cephalocarpus Nees
- Chorizandra R.Br.
- Chrysitrix L.
- Cladium P.Browne
- Coleochloa Gilly
- Costularia C.B.Clarke
- Cyathochaeta Nees
- Cyathocoma Nees
- Cyperus L.
- Cypringlea M.T.Strong
- Diplacrum R.Br.
- Diplasia Pers.
- Dracoscirpoides Muasya
- Dulichium Pers.
- Eleocharis R.Br.
- Eriophorum L.
- Erioscirpus Palla
- Evandra R.Br.
- Everardia Ridl.
- Exocarya Benth.
- Ficinia Schrad.
- Fimbristylis Vahl
- Fuirena Rottb.
- Gahnia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
- Gymnoschoenus Nees
- Hellmuthia Steud.
- Hypolytrum Pers.
- Isolepis R.Br.
- Khaosokia D.A.Simpson, Chayam. & J.Parn.
- Koyamaea W.W.Thomas & G.Davidse
- Lagenocarpus Nees
- Lepidosperma Labill.
- Lepironia Pers.
- Machaerina Vahl
- Mapania Aubl.
- Mesomelaena Nees
- Microdracoides Hua
- Morelotia Gaudich.
- Neesenbeckia Levyns
- Nelmesia Van der Veken
- Nemum Desv.
- Oreobolopsis T.Koyama & Guagl.
- Oreobolus R.Br.
- Paramapania Uittien
- Phylloscirpus C.B.Clarke
- Pleurostachys Brongn.
- Principina Uittien
- Pseudoschoenus (C.B.Clarke) Oteng-Yeb.
- Ptilothrix K.L.Wilson
- Reedia F.Muell.
- Rhodoscirpus Léveillé-Bourret, Donadío & J.R.Starr
- Rhynchocladium T.Koyama
- Rhynchospora Vahl
- Schoenoplectiella Lye
- Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla
- Schoenus L.
- Scirpodendron Zipp. ex Kurz
- Scirpoides Ség.
- Scirpus Tourn. ex L.
- Scleria P.J.Bergius
- Sumatroscirpus Oteng-Yeb.
- Tetraria P.Beauv.
- Trachystylis S.T.Blake
- Trianoptiles Fenzl ex Endl.
- Trichophorum Pers.
- Trichoschoenus J.Raynal
- Tricostularia Nees
- Trilepis Nees
- Zameioscirpus Dhooge & Goetgh.
Cyperus brevifolioides (Kyllinga gracillima)
References
- .
- ^ a b "Cyperaceae". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ISBN 978-1-84246-199-0.
- ^ "Sedge family – definition and more from the free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^ Milne, Lorus Johnson; Milne, Margery Joan Greene (1975). Living plants of the world. Random House. p. 301.
- S2CID 19514206.
- ^ "Grasslike non-grasses". Backyard Nature. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ Ball, Peter W.; Reznicek, A. A.; Murray, David F. (2002). "Cyperaceae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ Brian R. Speer (29 September 1995). "Glumiflorae: More on Morphology". University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2007.