Stu Hart

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Stu Hart
OC
Hart, aged approximately 18, with an amateur wrestling championship belt.[a]
Birth nameStewart Edward Hart
Born(1915-05-03)May 3, 1915[2]
Saskatoon,[3] Saskatchewan, Canada
DiedOctober 16, 2003(2003-10-16) (aged 88)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Cause of deathStroke
Spouse(s)
Helen Louise Smith
​
​
(m. 1947; died 2001)​
Harry Smith (father-in-law)
FamilyHart
Professional wrestling career
Billed height5 ft 11 in (180 cm)[iii]
Billed weight230 lb (104 kg)[iii]
Billed fromCalgary, Alberta, Canada
Trained byJack Taylor[b]
Toots Mondt[c]
Debut1943[6]
Retired1986[7]
Military service
Buried
Eden Brook Memorial Gardens
AllegianceCanada
Service/branch Royal Canadian Navy
Years of service1942–1946
Battles/warsWorld War II

Stewart Edward Hart

Calgary, Alberta, teaching many individuals at its associated wrestling school "The Dungeon" and establishing a professional wrestling dynasty consisting of his relatives and close trainees. As the patriarch of the Hart wrestling family, Hart is the ancestor of many wrestlers, most notably being the father of Bret and Owen Hart as well as the grandfather of Natalya Neidhart, Teddy Hart and David Hart Smith
.

Hart was born to a poor

Hart House
.

Hart remained an active full-time wrestler until the 1960s when he entered semi-in-ring retirement, thereafter he would focus mostly on promoting, booking and teaching, as well as raising his twelve children with Helen while still appearing in the ring sporadically until the 1980s. Throughout his career, Hart almost exclusively portrayed a heroic character, a so-called "

WWF television and Pay-Per-View with his wife, often involved in storylines surrounding his sons Bret and Owen and several of his sons-in-law who were signed to the company. He continued to teach wrestling at his home in Calgary until the 1990s when he suffered a severe leg injury and had to stop engaging excessively with students, leaving most of the work for his sons Bruce and Keith
. He died at age 88 in October 2003 after suffering from multiple medical issues.

Hart is regarded by many, including major wrestling historian and

inaugural Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame class in 1996 and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2010 by his son Bret. Hart was also well known for his involvement in over thirty charities, for which he was named a Member of the Order of Canada,[Quote 2]
the second highest honour for merit which can be given in Canada and the highest civilian honour.

Early life

Hart as a baby in 1915

Hart was born in Saskatoon in 1915

English ancestry from his mother's side of the family.[9][10]

His childhood was impoverished; as a boy, Stu Hart lived in a tent with his family on the prairie in Alberta, living off the land, milking cows

ambidextrous.[13] In 1928, his father was arrested for failure to pay back taxes, while the Salvation Army sent Stu, his mother, and two sisters, Sylvester and Edrie to live in Edmonton.[iv] Due to his destitute childhood and youth Hart did not experience a dramatic shift in life quality or mentality during the Great Depression which affected most others around him in Edmonton.[14]

Amateur wrestling

Hart was trained in

British Empire Games in Australia but was unable to go due to economic reasons,[16] mainly the lack of funding from the Canadian government, a leftover from the depression.[15] During the mid-1930s Hart also coached wrestling at the University of Alberta.[vi][17][vii]

His amateur career peaked in May 1940 when Hart won the Dominion Amateur Wrestling Championship in the light heavyweight category.[18] Hart qualified and would have competed at the Summer Olympics in Helsinki in 1940 but could not due to it being cancelled because of the outbreak of World War II, which was a terrible blow to Hart personally, as it had been his dream to compete at the Olympics from a very young age.[16]

Other sport ventures and military service

While Hart was mainly a lover of submission wrestling he was also an outstanding all-around athlete

Edmonton Eskimos from 1937 to 1939 as a center and was considered a standout performer at the time.[16] Hart had initially been slated for the 1941 season as well but had to decline due to other commitments which prevented him from joining at that time.[ix][x] He coached a women's fastball team in Edmonton during the late 1930s as well as being the captain of a popular baseball team called Hart's All Stars.[19]
The players of Hart's All Stars consisted of sheet-metal workers from Edmonton whom he trained.

On Christmas Eve 1941 Hart was almost killed in a bicycle accident which broke both his elbows and thumbs and hurt his back severely. The injuries risked ending Hart's athletic career. The accident happened while he was on the way to be with his father Edward to celebrate Christmas with the family when a fire truck drove behind him and forced Hart to swerve to the side where he was hit by another car which propelled him thirty feet forward on the road and scraped off a large portion of his skin in the process. He spent several months at the

Director of Athletics.[17] In early 1943, Hart was put in for a transfer from the Nonsuch in Edmonton to regular service in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia. Physically, he had fully recovered from his injuries and had hoped to see genuine sea duty afterward, but the Navy appeared to be more interested in him as an athletic director than as a regular enlisted seaman. By later 1943 the Navy had him wrestling mostly to amuse the other servicemen, instead of purely competitively. He performed regularly before thousands of other enlisted men in drill halls.[6] Several of the men he worked with would end up being employed by Hart when he became a promoter later in life.[6]

Hart spent much of his free time during World War II performing and organizing different sports events to raise funds to the war effort.[xi] As an active sailor and director of athletics Hart was the leader of all the sports teams available and a member of them as well, most notably the fastball team and the wrestling team. Hart originally wanted to leave the Navy when the war was over but the organization considered him to be a great asset both as a trainer as well as a showpiece, persuading him to stay. He would attempt to ask to be let go several times later but was told to stay again. Eventually, Hart was given his discharge from the Navy in early 1946.[20]

Professional wrestling career

New York territory (1946–1947)

It was during his time in the Navy that Stu was introduced to professional wrestling.[xi] Around this time Hart and Al Oeming, a future wrestler, nature conservationist, and fellow sailor, became closer as friends. Oeming later would help him handle his own promotion.[xii][21]

After recovering from a car accident, Stu competed in various exhibition matches to entertain the troops. In 1946, while receiving training from Toots Mondt, Hart debuted in New York City. Early on, Hart experienced harsh treatment from his fellow wrestlers in the ring and during training, being considered a "pretty boy" at first by his peers and older wrestlers; described as "tall, dark and handsome, with a build that would put movie idols to shame" he was immediately a favourite with the female fans.[22][20] Hart would often be swarmed by women and covered with kisses as he made his way to the ring.[20][22] The roughing up of younger performers by veteran workers was common at the time in the industry but Hart adapted to it rather quickly and would retaliate with the same treatment, utilizing his catch wrestling experience to his advantage.[20] While never given the opportunity to be champion Hart did partake in several high-profile matches with the likes of Lou Thesz and Frank Sexton. He also developed a reputation as a legitimate athlete and "tough-guy" in the business.[iii] Hart was a frequent tag team wrestler together with Lord James Blears.[xiii][xiv] Blears and Hart lived together for six months with another wrestler named Sandor Kovacs whom Hart already knew from the Navy.[23] They used to frequent the beaches at Long Beach in New York on their free time and it was on the beach that Hart first met his wife Helen Smith and her family.[xi] Hart had quickly become a rising star in the area but chose to leave together with his newly engaged fiancée only about a year and a half after debuting.[5][24][22]

National Wrestling Alliance (1947–1984)

Map of the territory system in North America under the National Wrestling Alliance. Hart's territory can be seen covering Montana, Alberta and Saskatchewan.

By 1947, Hart was working for Jerry Meeker and

The Hart House which is now considered a heritage site. Its basement, later known as the Dungeon, provided training grounds for his wrestling pupils.[28] Later that year Hart headlined an event in Wisconsin, again together with Verne Gagne.[xx] Hart was still favoured by women at this time even against a bigger star like Gagne.[xxi]

Big Time Wrestling and Wildcat Wrestling (1952–1967)

In 1952, Hart bought up Tillman's territory in Alberta and merged his own promotion with it into

Wildcat Wrestling and lastly morph into Stampede Wrestling many years later.[Quote 1] The televised version of Hart's wrestling shows were one of Canada's longest-running television programs, lasting over 30 years and remained one of Calgary's most popular sports programs, eventually airing in over 50 countries worldwide.[xxii]

Stampede Wrestling (1967–1986)

Hart wrestling a Bengal tiger named Sasha "Chi-Chi".

Hart's

grizzly bears as part of promotional efforts for the company as well as charity.[xxiii][xxiv][xxv] Later in life Hart would often let his sons Bruce and Keith handle the booking of the promotion.[33]

On July 25, 1986, he wrestled his last match in a tag team match with his son, Keith defeating Honky Tonk Wayne and J.R. Foley at a Stampede Wrestling event in Calgary.[xxvi]

Post-retirement appearances (1991–2003)

Hart made several appearances on WWE television in the 1990s and early 2000s. The majority of those appearances involved his sons, Bret and Owen Hart. A recurring staple of these appearances in the 1990s was that Stu and Helen would be verbally attacked by several of the commentators, mostly by Bobby Heenan and Jerry Lawler, the latter of whom was in a long-running feud with Bret during this point in time.[34][35][36] At the 1993 Pay-Per-View event Survivor Series, Stu had a planned physical interaction outside of the ring with Shawn Michaels. Michaels was involved in a match with Stu's sons, Bruce, Keith, Bret and Owen Hart. Michaels played the part of the antagonist, and when failing to succeed in winning the match, Michaels' character then attacked Stu who responded by pretending to knock him out with an elbow smash.[citation needed] Michaels later stated that he was happy to take the hit as he considered it an honour.[37]

Hart also appeared in

Slamboree 1993: A Legends' Reunion event.[xxvii][xxviii]

As a trainer

Hart trained the vast majority of his trainees in the basement of the Hart mansion, known as The Dungeon. Hart used the location from the time that he bought it in October 1951 until the late 1990s. All eight of his sons and many others such as

The British Bulldog were educated there.[xxx][28]

Hart's training technique, called "

stretching" consisted of Hart putting his trainees in painful submission holds and holding on for a substantial time to improve their pain endurance to prepare them for the life of professional wrestling.[2][xxxi][38] Hart's technique was well known and he would let anyone who wished to let him apply one of his holds do so if they came to his home. Hart's son Bret once spoke about a well-known case where he stretched a priest, stating that his father wasn't prejudiced, since "he stretched a rabbi once too."[39] Some of Hart's former students, including his son Bret, have mentioned that his stretching would sometimes result in broken blood vessels in the eyes,[40][41][2][42] something which others have attempted to learn from his father.[43]

Hart was said to have had a special liking for training football players and bodybuilders since he enjoyed testing their strength.

sadist who enjoyed inflicting pain on people and was more interested in doing so than teach them professional wrestling.[44][46][47][48][49][xxxii][50][51][52][53] Many who were close to Hart in his life have denied these claims.[xxxii][54][xxxiii] Stu's seventh son Ross has said that his father was always generous and compassionate with his children and others in person but added that he was different when training people, believing that there was no easy way to teach wrestling.[2] His daughter-in-law Martha has expressed in her book that she felt sure that Hart was well aware of his students' limits and never meant to actually harm any of them, stating that he was always careful not to apply too much pressure on any of his holds and intended more to scare them than maim them. Although she recalled several times when she thought she would pass out from the pain of the holds he had put on her, which he had meant as a playful gesture.[11] She added that it was fair to say that he had never seriously hurt anyone physically, albeit he may have inadvertently done so mentally.[55] Despite this, she also disclosed that her husband Owen had long been scared of his father during childhood due to his fearsome reputation and hearing his brothers as well as other trainees' screams from the family's basement where Hart's training hall was located. This fear lingered into Owen's adolescence but ceased when he became an adult.[45] Owen himself revealed in the 1998 documentary Hitman Hart: Wrestling with Shadows that he was often intimidated by his father but respected him and that that kept him from misbehaving. In the same documentary his third son Keith explained that many may have believed his father to be a psychopath at first glance but that you had to know him intimately to understand that he wasn't anything like that beneath the surface. Wrestling manager Jim Cornette has theorized that his cruel upbringing and tough early development may have played a part in the seemingly contradictory behaviour from Hart, as both a dedicated family man and apparently sadistic tormentor of his students.[xxxiv]

Wrestlers trained

Personal life

Hart was close friends with fellow wrestler Luther Jacob Goodall, better known by the name

Calgary Mayor Rod Sykes[15] and ice hockey player Brian Conacher.[68] All of the wrestling belts that Hart used for his promotions were handmade by himself. Making championship belts was one of Hart's many domestic skills.[1]

Hart allegedly wrote the foreword to the controversial book Under the Mat[69] which was written by his youngest daughter, Diana Hart. His son Bret has questioned the legitimacy of it, and has stated that if Hart did write the foreword, his daughter probably did not let him read the book beforehand.[70][xlvi]

Family

Main article: Hart wrestling family

Hart married a New Yorker, Helen Smith (born February 16, 1924 – died November 4, 2001), the daughter of Olympic marathon runner

Harry Smith on December 31, 1947.[xlvii] They were introduced through each other by Paul Boesch.[xlviii]
Stu and Helen were married for over 53 years until Helen's death at the age of 77.

Stu and Helen raised their twelve children in the

non-denominational Christian, however, he had all his children baptized by a local Catholic priest.[36] The couple have around thirty-six biological grandchildren and several great-grandchildren, three of whom, his oldest grandson Teddy Annis's son Bradley and his oldest granddaughter Tobi McIvor's two oldest daughters Amanda and Jessica, were born during Hart's lifetime. Tom and Michelle Billington's three children, Bronwyne, Marek and Amaris are also often included in the list of his grandchildren, therefore Bronwyne's daughter Miami is also often referred to as one of his great-grandchildren.[71] Many of his grandchildren went on to become wrestlers or were otherwise involved in wrestling.[72]

In 1949, Hart and his wife Helen who was pregnant with their second child,

Harry Smith for two years.[73][74][xlix]

According to his son Ross, Hart was severely affected and badly aged by being bereaved of his youngest son Owen in 1999 and by becoming a widower in 2001.[75]

Philanthropy

Because of his extensive work as a coach and mentor to many young athletes as well as over thirty years of charitable work in his hometown, Stu Hart was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada on November 15, 2000.[76] He was honoured with an investiture on May 31, 2001, in Ottawa.[77][viii][l][li][Quote 2]

Death

In May 2003, Hart had a life-threatening bout of

Hart House.[78] On October 3, 2003, Hart was readmitted to Rockyview General Hospital as a result of an elbow infection at which he then developed pneumonia again.[lii][liii][liv][lv] He also suffered from ailments associated with diabetes and arthritis. After a brief improvement in his health for a few days from October 11, he suffered a stroke on October 15, and died the following day. He was 88 years old.[79]

Hart's funeral service was attended by approximately 1,000 people. He was cremated and his ashes were later interred at Eden Brook Memorial Gardens in a plot with his wife Helen, who had died almost two years earlier in November 2001.[lvi][lvii]

Legacy

Hart with a bust of himself

Hart is regarded by many as one of the most important and respected[80] people in the history of professional wrestling,[68][xli][81][lviii][lix][82][lx] and an icon of the art.[lxi]

Sports journalist and wrestling historian Dave Meltzer described Hart's importance to the art of professional wrestling as indispensable[75] since his booking decisions and training of several key individuals affected the industry in significant ways. Meltzer describes people like Hulk Hogan and Jesse Ventura as people who were spawned by Harts actions and cites the Dynamite Kid, Junkyard Dog and Billy Robinson as some who would probably not have had the careers they did if not for Hart. He also mentions Chris Benoit and Brian Pillman as individuals who would most certainly never even have become wrestlers were it not for Hart.[83] Meltzer characterized Hart as the biggest territorial star in wrestling history to never win a major championship.[84] Former wrestling promoter and owner of the St. Louis Wrestling Club Larry Matysik described Hart as a Canadian icon.[85]

Hart had a noticeable accent which included a very raspy voice[15] and unique way of speaking which he was well known for. According to the Wrestling Observer Newsletter, Hart is the most imitated man in professional wrestling,[86] with practically everyone in the industry having tried a Stu Hart impersonation.[4][lxii][lxiii]

WWE chairman Vince McMahon has lauded Hart as a trailblazer for the wrestling industry.[lxiv] On March 27, 2010, Hart was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.[lxv]

In the Hart Legacy Wrestling promotion, controlled by Hart's relatives and their associates, there is a Stu Hart Heritage Title.[lxvi][lxvii]

There is an annual juvenile amateur wrestling tournament named after Hart called the Stu Hart Tournament of Champions held in Canada.[lxviii][lxix][lxx][lxxi][lxxii][lxxiii][lxxiv][lxxv][lxxvi][lxxvii]

In Saskatoon's Blairmore Suburban Centre there is a road named Hart Road, in Stu Hart's honour.[lxxviii]

In 2005 a documentary directed by Blake Norton, Surviving the Dungeon: The Legacy of Stu Hart, was released.[lxxix][lxxx][lxxxi][lxxxii][lxxxiii][lxxxiv][lxxxv][lxxxvi]

As of 2005 Hart is part of a permanent exhibit at the Glenbow Museum.[lxxxvii] A scissored armbar wrestling hold is sometimes referred as a "Stu-Lock" in Hart's honour.[lxxxviii]

Championships and accomplishments

Amateur wrestling

  • City, Edmonton
    • Edmonton City Middleweight Championship (1930)[16]
  • Provincial, Alberta
    • Alberta Provincial Championship (1930)[16]
  • National, Canada
    • Western Canada Championship[87]
    • Canadian National Wrestling Championship (1939)[88]
  • Dominion Amateur Wrestling
    • Dominion Welterweight Championship (1937)[16]
    • Dominion Light Heavyweight Championship (1940)[18]
  • Amateur Athletic Union of Canada
    • Welterweight Championship (1937)[18]
  • Alberta Sports Hall of Fame
  • National Wrestling Hall of Fame

Professional wrestling

Luchas de Apuestas record

See also: Luchas de Apuestas
Winner (wager) Loser (wager) Location Event Date Notes
Stu Hart (hair) Towering Inferno (mask) Calgary, Alberta Stampede show February 6, 1976 [cv]

Accolades and recognitions

Honours and decorations

Ribbon Description Notes
Order of Canada (CM)

Awards and nominations

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The belt Hart wears in the picture features his initials SEH.[1]
  2. ^ Mainly amateur wrestling.[4]
  3. ^ Mainly professional wrestling.[5]
  4. World Wrestling Entertainment
    (WWE)
  5. ^ The original company founded in 1948 was named Klondike Wrestling, which would later be merged with another company Hart bought and bear the name of Big Time Wrestling and Wildcat Wrestling before becoming Stampede. See full quote:[Quote 1]
  6. ^ Stu mainly trained Bret in amateur wrestling.[59][xxxviii]
  7. ^ Hart was inducted mainly for his charitable work, his impact in the professional wrestling industry and for contributing to the Calgary community by being a mentor and role model to many athletes, both inside and outside of the wrestling industry. See full quote:[Quote 2]
Quotations
  1. ^ a b c David Taras and Christopher Waddell state:

    That same year [1948], the legendary Stu Hart founded Klondike Wrestling which he operated out of Edmonton. In 1952, through a series deals with [Larry] Tillman and [Jerry] Meeker, Hart acquired control of the Calgary promotion and thus became the promoter for the entire territory, which now operated under the name Big Time Wrestling (later Wildcat Wrestling and Stampede Wrestling).

    • How Canadians Communicate V: Sports (2016), Athabasca University Press;
      ISBN 978-1-77199-007-3.[8]
  2. ^ a b c Hart's citation reads;

    As patriarch of Canada's first family of professional wrestling, he has made an important contribution to the sport for more than five decades. Founder of Stampede Wrestling and an icon of the golden era of wrestling, he has been coach and mentor to countless young athletes, imparting the highest standards of athleticism and personal conduct. A generous supporter of community life in Calgary, he is a loyal benefactor to more than thirty charitable and civic organizations including the Shriners' Hospital for Crippled Children and the Alberta Firefighters Toy Fund.[cvi]

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Citations

  1. ^ a b McCoy 2007, p. 15.
  2. ^ a b c d Meltzer 2004, p. 96.
  3. ^ Toombs 2002, p. Foreword.
  4. ^ a b Berger 2010, p. 54.
  5. ^ a b van Herk 2002, p. ?.
  6. ^ a b c Erb 2002, p. 72.
  7. ^ a b Pope 2005, p. 218.
  8. ^ a b Waddell/Taras 2016, p. 296.
  9. ^ Lister 2005, p. 252.
  10. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 16.
  11. ^ a b c Hart, Martha 2004, p. 30.
  12. ^ Hart, Diana 2001, p. 11.
  13. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 19.
  14. ^ Erb 2002, p. 49.
  15. ^ a b c d Marshall 2016, p. 193.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Mlazgar/Stoffel 2007, p. 58.
  17. ^ a b McCoy 2007, p. 24.
  18. ^ a b c Berger 2010, p. 57.
  19. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 25.
  20. ^ a b c d McCoy 2007, p. 26.
  21. ^ Lentz III 2015, p. 262.
  22. ^ a b c Keith 2008, p. 41.
  23. ^ Verrier 2017, p. 71.
  24. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 27.
  25. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 31.
  26. ^ Meltzer 2004, p. 100.
  27. ^ Grasso 2014, p. 131.
  28. ^ a b Sullivan 2011, p. 92.
  29. ^ Martin 2001, p. 68.
  30. ^ Solomon 2015, p. ?.
  31. ^ Toombs 2016, p. ?.
  32. ^ Hart, Bruce 2011, p. ??.
  33. ^ Pope 2005, p. 213.
  34. ^ Hart, Martha 2004, p. 20.
  35. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 236.
  36. ^ a b Hart, Bret 2007, p. 329.
  37. ^ Hart, Bret 2007, p. 334.
  38. ^ Backlund 2015, p. ?.
  39. ^ Hart, Bret 2007, p. 11.
  40. ^ Davies 2002, p. 15.
  41. ^ Johnson 2012, p. ?.
  42. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 53.
  43. ^ Thunderheart 2014, p. 14.
  44. ^ a b Klein 2012, p. 25.
  45. ^ a b Hart, Martha 2004, p. 29.
  46. ^ Snowden 2012, p. ?1.
  47. ^ Matysik 2005, p. 48.
  48. ^ Erb 2002, p. 136.
  49. ^ Graham 2007, p. ?.
  50. ^ Kerekes 1994, p. 18–20.
  51. ^ Muchnick 2009, p. ?1.
  52. ^ Jericho 2008, p. ?1.
  53. ^ Randazzo 2008, p. 47.
  54. ^ Erb 2002, p. 137.
  55. ^ Hart, Martha 2004, p. 31.
  56. ^ a b Davies 2002, p. 19.
  57. ^ Hornbaker/Snuka 2012, p. ??1.
  58. ^ Hart, Jimmy 2004, p. 124.
  59. ^ Hart, Bret 2000.
  60. ^ Toombs 2016, p. ??.
  61. ^ Hornbaker/Snuka 2012, p. ???1.
  62. ^ Verrier 2017, p. 106.
  63. ^ Martin 2001, p. 69.
  64. ^ Hornbaker/Snuka 2012, p. ????1.
  65. ^ Zawadzki 2001, p. 175.
  66. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 66.
  67. ^ Hornbaker 2007, p. 252.
  68. ^ a b Conacher 2013, p. 173.
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  70. ^ Hart, Bret 2007, p. 531.
  71. ^ Hart, Bret 2007, p. 169.
  72. ^ Wall 2012, p. 276.
  73. ^ Byfield 2002, p. 236.
  74. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 37.
  75. ^ a b WON 2003, p. 1.
  76. ^ McCoy 2007, p. 272.
  77. ^ Hart, Bruce 2011, p. ?.
  78. ^ Hart, Bret 2007, p. 541.
  79. ^ Hart, Bret 2007, p. 545.
  80. ^ Randazzo 2008, p. 30.
  81. ^ Hornbaker/Snuka 2012, p. ?1.
  82. ^ Keith 2008, p. 26.
  83. ^ Meltzer 2004, p. 10.
  84. ^ Meltzer 2004, p. 98.
  85. ^ Matysik 2013, p. ?1.
  86. ^ WON 2004, p. 83.
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  91. ^ Hart, Bret 2007, p. 326.

Bibliography

Annotations

Sources

Further reading

Books

Articles

External links

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