Roddy Piper
“Rowdy” Roddy Piper | |
---|---|
Los Angeles, California, U.S. | |
Cause of death | Cardiac arrest caused by hypertension |
Spouse(s) |
Kitty Jo Dittrich (m. 1982) |
Children | 4, including Teal Piper |
Professional wrestling career | |
Ring name(s) | The Masked Canadian[1][2] Piper Machine ”Rowdy” Roddy Piper[3] |
Billed height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)[3] |
Billed weight | 230 lb (104 kg)[3] |
Billed from | Glasgow, Scotland |
Trained by | Gene LeBell Leo Garibaldi Tony Condello Joe Fiorino Stu Hart[4] |
Debut | 1969[5] |
Retired | 2011 |
Roderick George Toombs (April 17, 1954 – July 31, 2015), better known as "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, was a Canadian professional wrestler and actor.
In professional wrestling, Piper was best known to international audiences for his work with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) between 1984 and 2000. Although he was Canadian, Piper was billed as coming from Glasgow and was known for his signature kilt and bagpipe entrance music; this was because of his Scottish heritage.[3] Piper earned the nicknames "Rowdy" and "Hot Rod" by displaying his trademark "Scottish" short temper, spontaneity, and quick wit. According to The Daily Telegraph, he is "considered by many to be the greatest 'heel' (or villain) wrestler ever".[6]
One of wrestling's most recognizable stars,[7] Piper headlined multiple PPV events, including the WWF and WCW's respective premier annual events, WrestleMania and Starrcade. He accumulated 34 championships and hosted the popular WWF/WWE interview segment "Piper's Pit", which facilitated numerous kayfabe feuds. In 2005, Piper was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Ric Flair, who dubbed him "the most gifted entertainer in the history of professional wrestling".[8]
Outside of wrestling, Piper acted in dozens of films and TV shows. Most notably, he took the lead role of John Nada in the 1988 cult classic They Live[9] and a recurring role as a deranged professional wrestler called Da' Maniac on the FX comedy series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.
Early life
Roderick George Toombs was born in
Professional wrestling career
Training and early career (1969–1975)
Piper was an amateur wrestler before he started to become a professional wrestler. He claimed to have won the
National Wrestling Alliance territories (1975–1983)
California and Portland (1975–1980)
By late 1975 and early 1976, Piper was a top villain for Mike and
In the Los Angeles area, Piper feuded with
By late 1978-early 1979, Piper left the California promotions for even more fame in
Georgia and Mid-Atlantic (1980–1983)
In the early 1980s, Piper ventured to the
In 1982, Piper was fired because of showing up late for a match.
World Wrestling Federation (1979, 1984–1987)
Early appearances (1979)
Before entering the
Piper's Pit (1984–1987)
In 1983, WWF owner
Piper's next major storyline was with
Following a leave of absence from the WWF, Piper returned as a face, during a TV taping of Championship Wrestling on August 23, 1986, against A. J. Petrucci. As part of the storyline, the returning Piper was distressed to find his Piper's Pit segment replaced by The Flower Shop, a segment hosted by Adrian Adonis, who had also hired Piper's former bodyguard Orton.[18] Piper spent weeks crashing Adonis' show and trading insults, leading to a "showdown" between the two segments that ended with Piper being assaulted and humiliated by Adonis, Orton, and Don Muraco and the destruction of the original Piper's Pit set, resulting in Piper's face turn and the construction of a more permanent Piper's Pit set. In response, Piper stormed the set of Adonis' show and destroyed it with a baseball bat. This led to their Hair vs. Hair match at WrestleMania III, which was billed as Piper's retirement match from wrestling before he left to become an actor full-time.[18] Piper won the match.[18]
In early 1987, Piper's Pit also served as the backdrop for
Return to WWF (1989–1996)
In 1989, Piper returned from a two-year hiatus. Although WrestleMania V was billed as his return, he actually made his first appearance on March 19 in Denver, CO at a house show when he hosted a live Piper's Pit and interviewed Brother Love.[31] Two weeks later at WrestleMania V he did make his official return with another live Piper's Pit, where he hosed down a smoking Morton Downey Jr. with a fire extinguisher.[28] He made his return to the ring on May 12, substituting for Jake Roberts and pinning Ted DiBiase on a house show in Los Angeles.[32] Piper would gain several more victories against DiBiase that month, and also against Randy Savage in June.
After this, Piper co-hosted
Return and The Bottom Line (1994–1996)
He reemerged once again in 1994 at
Leaving the WWF again, he briefly returned in 1995 at WrestleMania XI, once again in a referee capacity, for the submission-only match between Hart and Bob Backlund.[43] After this match Piper became the host for the replay editions of WWF pay-per-views for a brief period of time, commenting on the matches that had just happened, before disappearing again a few months later.
President of the WWF (1996)
On the January 29, 1996, episode of Monday Night RAW, Piper returned for another regular role, as he was named as interim WWF President after Gorilla Monsoon had to take a leave of absence due to an attack by Vader.[44] On February 24, at a house show at East Rutherford, New Jersey, he made his first match appearance in almost two years. As a substitute for Razor Ramon, Piper defeated The 1-2-3 Kid after hitting him with a ring bell. He wrestled twice more against the Kid on house shows that month.[45]
As president, one of Piper's first acts was to reinstate
World Championship Wrestling (1996–2000)
Feuding with nWo (1996–1998)
Piper joined World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in the fall of 1996. He made his surprise WCW debut as a fan favorite at the Halloween Havoc pay-per-view in October to insult the nWo leader and the World Heavyweight Champion Hollywood Hogan.[48]
On the November 18 episode of
Piper took a hiatus from television before making his return to WCW on the September 8 episode of Nitro, where he was appointed the new on-air
Various storylines and departure (1999–2000)
On the February 8, 1999, episode of Nitro, Piper defeated Bret Hart to win his third
Xcitement Wrestling Federation (2001–2002)
Before going to the WWE in 2003, Piper served as the commissioner of the Xcitement Wrestling Federation (XWF).[18][66] On November 5, 2002, revealed in Piper's autobiography, In the Pit with Piper: Roddy Gets Rowdy, was released instead of leaving like what was previously thought.[67]
Return to WWE (2003)
Piper returned to WWE on March 30, 2003, by conducting a surprise run in during the Hulk Hogan-Vince McMahon match at WrestleMania XIX in Seattle, Washington, where he attacked Hogan with a steel pipe to cement his heel status; Hogan nevertheless eventually won the match.[68][69] Piper went on to align with Sean O'Haire; at Backlash in April, Rikishi hit Piper with Piper's own coconut, but this led to O'Haire defeating Rikishi.[70]
In May, as Hulk Hogan had been banned in storyline from television by Vince McMahon, Hogan returned under a mask as Mr. America, and continued his feud with Piper, O'Haire and McMahon, who tried to reveal Mr. America's true identity. This storyline also saw Piper tear off the fake leg of one-legged wrestler Zach Gowen, who was playing a Hogan fan. At Judgment Day, Piper argued with Chris Jericho if Piper's Pit was better than Jericho's talk show The Highlight Reel. Later at the event, Piper lost to Mr. America.[71]
Piper and O'Haire then moved on to challenge Tajiri and Eddie Guerrero for the
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002–2005)
Piper debuted for
Second return to WWE (2005–2015)
WWE Hall of Fame and World Tag Team Champion (2005–2006)
On February 21, 2005, it was announced that Piper was to be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.[78] Piper held an episode of Piper's Pit at WrestleMania 21 where he interviewed Stone Cold Steve Austin.[18] On the July 11, 2005, episode of Raw, Piper received a superkick from Shawn Michaels, the guest for Piper's Pit.[78] In October and November 2005, Piper feuded with Cowboy Bob Orton and Randy Orton, after they attacked him during a session of Piper's Pit with Mick Foley. While Piper defeated both Ortons in a handicap match and made Bob submit in a six-man tag match, the feud ended with Randy interfering in a singles match between Piper and Bob, disqualifying Bob, but beating down Piper.[78][79][80]
Piper returned to
Final feuds and retirement (2007–2011)
In 2007, Piper appeared in February to announce Dusty Rhodes for the WWE Hall of Fame, and also in June for Vince McMahon Appreciation Night.[83] In 2008, Piper made a surprise appearance in the Royal Rumble match by attacking Jimmy Snuka, but was eliminated by Kane.[84] Piper then had a series of confrontations with Santino Marella in 2008, including on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.[85][86] At Cyber Sunday (2008), Piper was one of three choices to be Santino Marella's opponent for the Intercontinental Championship, with The Honky Tonk Man being chosen. The match ended by disqualification and after the match Piper and Goldust made their way down to the ring confronting and attacking Marella.
On the February 16, 2009 episode of Raw, after Chris Jericho insulted WWE legends, Piper interrupted him and was attacked by Jericho for it.[87] The feud culminated in Jericho defeating Piper, Jimmy Snuka and Ricky Steamboat at WrestleMania 25 in a handicap elimination match.[88] Piper later guest hosted Raw on November 16, 2009, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Piper challenged Vince McMahon to a street fight later in the evening, but Randy Orton came out to fight in McMahon's place. Kofi Kingston came out to stop Randy's assault on Piper.[89]
He inducted
At
Sporadic appearances and departure (2012–2015)
On the April 10, 2012 episode of SmackDown, Daniel Bryan and AJ Lee were guest of Piper's Pit.[96] On the June 18 episode of Raw, Piper reunited with Cyndi Lauper.[97] At Raw 1000, Piper and various other veterans helped Lita defeat Heath Slater.[98] On the August 13, 2012, episode of Raw, Chris Jericho was the guest for Piper's Pit, but Dolph Ziggler and the Miz interrupted.[99]
On the January 6, 2014 episode of Raw,
In early July 2015, Ric Flair said Piper lost his WWE Legends contract with the company because of a public feud with Steve Austin,[103] which resulted in Piper leaving PodcastOne. Piper later apologized to Austin on July 13, only three weeks before his death.[104]
Independent circuit (2005–2012)
In February 2005 at
Piper's last documented match occurred on August 12, 2011, at the JCW Legends and Icons event. What was originally a match for Piper against Terry Funk was altered mid-match to a tag match between Piper and Cowboy Bob Orton against Funk and Mick Foley, which Piper's team won.[107]
In 2012, Piper, along with Don Coss,
Other media
Music videos
In the 1980s, Piper also appeared in singer Cyndi Lauper's music video for the song "The Goonies 'R' Good Enough".[112] Piper performed the song, "For Everybody", on The Wrestling Album (Columbia Records, 1985), based on the Mike Angelo & the Idols song "Fuck Everybody", but without any of the profanity heard in the original. He also appeared as a guest VJ on MTV in 1988.[113] In 1992, he released a UK only single and music video for his song, "I'm Your Man".[113] The single came with the B-side, "Judy Come Back".[114]
Acting and hosting
Deadline Hollywood wrote, "During and after his wrestling days, Piper racked up dozens of film and TV credits, starring in numerous action B-movies and later doing voice work".[115] The most famous of Piper's acting exploits was in the 1988 science fiction film They Live, directed by John Carpenter,[116] which spawned the catchphrase Piper came up with—"I have come here to chew bubble gum and kick ass. And I'm all out of bubble gum."[117]—as well as the long fight scene over sunglasses against Keith David which took three weeks to rehearse. The line and the fight scene have since been parodied in Duke Nukem, South Park and Adventure Time.[115][118][119] Entertainment Weekly wrote that Piper's role in They Live made him a "cult icon" and "some kind of legend".[118] Rolling Stone wrote that Piper "had a memorable career as a cult actor", citing They Live and the 1987 film Hell Comes to Frogtown.[28][118]
Piper was a guest on a 1985
Piper was the host of ITV's
Piper appeared in
In 2012, Piper appeared on a Season 4 episode of
Piper appeared as himself in the video game
Voice acting
In 2006, Roddy Piper ventured into the realm of voice acting, providing the voice of himself in "Metal Militia"[130]—an episode of Cartoon Network's animated series Robot Chicken[131]—and the voice of The Pyro Messiah in the Night Traveler multimedia adventure series produced by Lunar Moth Entertainment.[132] He provided the voice of Bolphunga in Green Lantern: Emerald Knights,[133] and the voice of Don John in the Adventure Time episode "The Red Throne".[134] He also voiced his own likeness in the 2013 video game Saints Row IV.
Toys
Piper is one of several real people to be immortalized with a 3.75 in (9.5 cm)
Video games
Piper is a playable character in 14
Outside of wrestling games, Piper voices a fictionalized version of himself in 2013's Saints Row IV. In the story, Piper helps the player rescue Keith David from a simulation by recreating their fight scene from They Live, and can be recruited as an ally during missions.[137] Piper also made a cameo appearance in Abobo's Big Adventure.
Personal life
Toombs was a Christian.
On November 27, 2006, it was announced on WWE.com that Toombs had
In November 2008, a video spread around the internet showing Toombs smoking
In his autobiography, Toombs claimed to be a cousin of Bret Hart, which would make him a relative of the Hart wrestling family.[145] This fact was once used as a trivia question on Raw.[146][147][148][149][unreliable source] Hart also revealed that Toombs was the only wrestler to visit him in the hospital after his stroke.[150] Bruce Hart has stated that they were second cousins.[151][152]
Death
On July 24, 2015, Piper appeared as a guest on The Rich Eisen Show. He had trouble collecting his thoughts and staying focused, often rambling and not answering Eisen's questions.[153]
One week later on July 31, 2015, Piper died in his sleep at the age of 61 at his summer residence in
News of his death broke minutes before the Hall of Heroes dinner to cap off the
WWE CEO
In an HBO Real Sports interview conducted by Piper in 2003, he had predicted that he was "not going to make 65" because of his poor health, and that he made his 2003 return to WWE because he could not access his pension fund until reaching the age of 65.[163]
Piper was cremated and his ashes laid to rest at Crescent Grove Cemetery in Tigard, Oregon.
Legacy
Piper is considered one of the greatest talkers and
Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter described Piper as "one of the key figures in the growth of WWF. In particular, he helped power the success of the first WrestleMania: the most important show in company history".[168]
Piper was one of the first wrestlers to have his entrance music played by a live band. At the War to Settle the Score in February 1985 before his WWF Title match with Hulk Hogan at Madison Square Garden, Piper's theme was played by the NYPD Pipes and Drums out to the ring.
Mixed martial artist Ronda Rousey was nicknamed "Rowdy" by her friends. She initially rejected using it professionally, feeling it might disrespect Piper. After being introduced to him through Gene LeBell, Piper gave her his approval to use the nickname. On the day of his death, she dedicated her next day's UFC 190 title match with Bethe Correia to him. After quickly winning it, she noted him first in her post-fight interview.[169][170] In 2018, when Rousey made her full-time WWE debut, she wore the jacket that Piper wore, which was given to her by his son.[171] She also used a move called Piper's Pit, a reference to the talkshow he held during the WWF.
In April 2019, Piper was honored with a statue as part of
Filmography
Film
Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | The One and Only | Joe 'Leatherneck Joe' Grady | Uncredited | |
1986 | Body Slam | Rick 'Quick Rick' Roberts | Supporting role | [173] |
1988 | Hell Comes to Frogtown | Sam Hell | Lead role | [173] |
They Live | John Nada | Lead role | [173] | |
1989 | Buy & Cell | Cowboy | Supporting role | |
1991 | Tagteam | Rick McDonald | Lead role | |
1992 | Immortal Combat | John Keller | Lead role | |
1993 | Back in Action
|
Frank Rossi | Lead role | |
1994 | No Contest | 'Ice' | Supporting role | [173] |
Tough & Deadly | Elmo Freech | Lead role | ||
1995 | Jungleground | Lt. Jacob Cornell | Lead role | [173] |
1996 | Terminal Rush | Bartel | Lead role | [173] |
Marked Man | Frank Gibson | Lead role | ||
Sci-Fighters | Detective Cameron Grayson | Lead role | [173] | |
1997 | First Encounter | Lieutenant Ed Ganz | Lead role | |
Dead Tides | Mick Leddy | Lead role | [173] | |
The Bad Pack | Dash Simms | Lead role | ||
1998 | Hard Time | Randy | Supporting role | |
Last to Surrender | Nick Ford | Lead role | ||
1999 | Legless Larry & the Lipstick Lady | Larry 'Legless Larry' | Lead role | |
The Shepherd | Miles | Also known as Cyber City | ||
2000 | Jack of Hearts | Detective Deeks | Supporting role | |
2005 | Three Wise Guys | Pastor Roberts | Supporting role | |
Honor | LT Tyrell | 3rd lead | [173] | |
2006 | Domestic Import | Bill 'Bronco Bill' | Also known as Nanny Insanity | [173] |
Costa Chica: Confession of an Exorcist | Lucas McMurter | Also known as Legion: The Final Exorcism | [173] | |
Shut Up and Shoot! | Yokum the Bartender | Supporting role | ||
Night Traveler | The Pyro Messiah | Voice, supporting role | ||
Blind Eye | Fred Mears | Lead role | [173] | |
2007 | Ghosts of Goldfield | Jackson Smith | [173] | |
Super Sweet 16: The Movie | Mitch | |||
2008 | Legion: The Final Exorcism | Unknown | [173] | |
2009 | The Mystical Adventures of Billy Owens | William Thurgood | Lead role | [173] |
A Gothic Tale | Narrator | |||
2010 | The Portal | George 'Homeless George' | ||
Lights Out | Detective Callahan | Lead role | ||
Billy Owens and the Secret of the Runes | William Thurgood | [173] | ||
Alien Opponent | Father Melluzzo | Lead role | ||
2011 | Clear Lake | Wayne | Lead role | |
Pizza Man | Roderick | |||
Fancypants | Smiley | Lead role | ||
Green Lantern: Emerald Knights | Bolphunga | Voice | ||
2013 | Black Dynamite Teaches a Hard Way! | Himself | Guest role | |
Pro Wrestlers vs Zombies | Himself | Lead role | [174][175] | |
2014 | Don't Look Back | Grandfather | Eddie Starks | [176][177] |
2015 | The Reconciler | Russ | [178] | |
2015 | Portal to Hell | Jack | Lead role | [179] |
2015 | The Masked Saint | Nicky Stone | ||
2016 | The Bet | Mr. Jablonski | Posthumous release | |
2016 | The Chair | Murphy | Posthumous release |
Television
Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | The Highwayman | Preacher | Episode: "Pilot" | [180][181] |
1989 | The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! | Himself | Guest appearance | [182] |
1990 | The Love Boat: A Valentine Voyage | Maurice Steiger | TV Reunion Movie | [183] |
1992 | Silk Stalkings | Jimmy Snow | Episode: "Wild Card" (S 2:Ep 4) | |
1993 | Highlander | Anthony Gallen, Immortal | Episode: "Epitaph for Tommy" (S 2:Ep 10) | [184] |
1994 | RoboCop
|
Tex Jones/Faked Commander Cash | Episode: "Robocop vs. Commander Cash" | |
1998 | Walker, Texas Ranger | Cody 'The Crusader' Conway | Episode: "Crusader" | |
1999 | The Outer Limits | Marlon | Episode: " Small Friends " (S 5:Ep 3)
|
[185] |
Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends | Himself | Episode: "Wrestling" (S 2:Ep 6) | [173] | |
Mentors | Daniel Boone | Episode: "The Rescue" (S 1:Ep 13) | ||
2003 | The Man Show | Himself | Episode: Apologizing | |
2006 | Robot Chicken | Himself | Voice, episode: "Metal Militia" (S 2:Ep 9) | |
2009–2013 | It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia | Da' Maniac | 2 episodes | [28][186][187] |
2010 | Cold Case | "Sweet" Sil Tavern | Episode: "One Fall" (S 7:Ep 16) | [173] |
2011 | Fantasy Factory
|
Himself | Episode: "Kid Lightning" (S 4:Ep 7) | [173] |
2012 | Breaking In | Mr. Weller | Episode: "The Contra Club" (S 2:Ep 1) | [188] |
2013 | Storage Wars | Himself | Episode: "Barry's Angels" (S 4:Ep 11) | [173] |
2014 | Adventure Time | Don John | Voice; episode: "The Red Throne" (S 5:Ep 47) | |
2014 | WWE Legends’ House
|
Himself | 10 episodes - Season 1 | |
2015 | Food Factory USA
|
Himself | Episode: "No Snout About It" (S 2:Ep 4) |
Online streaming
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
2014–2015 | Piper's Pit
|
Himself | Podcast, with PodcastOne from April 2014 to July 2015, two last episodes on SoundCloud[189] |
2015 | Table for 3
|
Himself |
|
Games
Year | Title | Role |
---|---|---|
2013 | Saints Row IV | Himself |
Championships and accomplishments
- Big Time Wrestling (San Francisco)
- Canadian Pro-Wrestling Hall of Fame
- Class of 2022[192]
- Cauliflower Alley Club
- George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
- Class of 2008[194]
- Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling/World Championship Wrestling
- NWA All-Star Wrestling
- NWA Hollywood Wrestling
- NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (5 times)[191]
- NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Crusher Verdu (1), Keith Franks (1), Pak Choo (1), Ron Bass (1), and The Hangman (1)[191]
- 1 time)[a]
- Pacific Northwest Wrestling
- NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (2 times)[19]
- NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Killer Tim Brooks (1), Rick Martel (3),[196] and Mike Popovich (1)[b]
- Pro Wrestling Guerrilla
- Legends Battle Royal (2011)[197]
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (1982)[198]
- Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (1984, 1985)[198]
- Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1986)[198]
- Stanley Weston Award (2015)[198]
- Ranked No. 45 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1992[199]
- Ranked No. 17 of the 500 singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003[200]
- Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
- Class of 2007[10]
- World Class Championship Wrestling
- NWA American Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Bulldog Brower[191][201][202]
- World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
- WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[203]
- World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ric Flair[204]
- WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2005)[3]
- WWE Bronze Statue (2019)[205]
- Slammy Award (1 time)
- Best Personality in "1986)[206]
- Best Personality in "
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter
- Best Heel (1984, 1985)[207]
- Best on Interviews (1981–1983)[c][207]
- Worst Worked Match of the Year (1986) vs. Mr. T in a boxing match at WrestleMania 2[207]
- Worst Worked Match of the Year (1997) vs. Hollywood Hogan at SuperBrawl VII[207]
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)[208]
Luchas de Apuestas record
Winner (wager) | Loser (wager) | Location | Event | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roddy Piper (hair) | Luke Williams (hair) |
Portland, Oregon | Live Event | March 1, 1980 | |
Roddy Piper (hair) | Adrian Adonis (hair) | Pontiac, Michigan | WrestleMania III | March 29, 1987 |
Notes
References
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- ^ Wrestling Shoots (April 28, 2016), "Roddy Piper was a Racist" - Bad News Brown, archived from the original on February 24, 2020, retrieved January 29, 2018
- ^ "WWE News, Rumors, Results, Spoilers @ Rajah.com". rajah.com. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- ^ "WrestleMania 8, a two-for-one deal". SLAM! Wrestling. Archived from the original on April 29, 2015. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
- ^ "Info". www.thehistoryofwwe.com. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
- ^ Cawthon, Graham. "Ring Results: 1992". The History of WWE. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
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- ^ a b "Induction:Piper vs. Lawler". WrestleCrap. August 22, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
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- ^ a b "'Rowdy' Roddy Piper 1954–2015: Look back on the legacy of a WWE icon with these 5 classic bouts". Digital Spy. July 31, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
- ^ "Ring Crew Reviews – WCW Halloween Havoc 1996". 411Mania. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
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