Sugar phosphates

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Glucose-6-phosphate
Phytic acid

Sugar phosphates (

sugars that have added or substituted phosphate groups) are often used in biological systems to store or transfer energy. They also form the backbone for DNA and RNA
. Sugar phosphate backbone geometry is altered in the vicinity of the modified nucleotides.

Examples include:

Electronic structure of the sugar-phosphate backbone

The sugar-phosphate backbone has

hyper-conjugation
effects. Hyper-conjugation arises from donor-acceptor interactions of localised orbitals in 1,3 positions.

Phosphodiesters in DNA and RNA

The

nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA.[2]

Sugar phosphates are defined as carbohydrates to which a phosphate group is bound by an ester or an either linkage, depending on whether it involves an alcoholic or a hemiacetalic hydroxyl, respectively.

photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle is closely associated with sugar phosphates, and sugar phosphates are one of the key molecules in metabolism,(Sugar phosphates are major players in metabolism due to their task of storing and transferring energy. Not only ribose 5-phosphate but also fructose 6-phosphate are an intermediate of the pentose-phosphate pathway which generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and pentoses from glucose polymers and their degradation products.) oxidative pentose phosphate pathways, gluconeogenesis, important intermediates in glycolysis. Sugar phosphates are not only involved in metabolic regulation and signaling but also involved in the synthesis of other phosphate compounds.[3]

Peptide nucleic acids

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a nucleic acid in which natural nucleic acid has been replaced by a

hydrolytic (enzymatic) cleavage.[4]

Role in metabolism

Sugar phosphates are major players in

enzymes contain metal centers in their active site
which is important part of the enzymes and as well as for the catalysed reaction. The phosphate group can coordinate to the metal center for example, 1,6-bisphosphatase and ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase.

Phosphoglycerate and several sugar phosphates that are known intermediates of the Calvin photosynthetic carbon cycle, stimulate light-dependent carbon dioxide fixation by isolated chloroplasts. This ability is shared by certain other metabolites (e.g. glucose 1-phosphate) from which the accepted Calvin-cycle intermediates could easily be derived by known metabolic routes.

References

  1. ^ "Sugar-phosphate backbone". 12 September 2020.
  2. ^ "Phosphate Backbone".
  3. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-803396-8.00014-4. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  4. PMID 15603450
    .
  5. ^ "Coordination Chemistry of Sugar-Phosphate complexes" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-02-07.

External links

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