Surfers Paradise, Queensland
Surfers Paradise Federal division(s) | Moncrieff | ||||||||||||||
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Surfers Paradise is a suburb in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.[2][3] In the 2021 census, Surfers Paradise had a population of 26,412 people.[4]
Colloquially known as "Surfers", the suburb has many high-rise apartment buildings and a wide surf beach. The feature of the heart of the suburb is Cavill Mall, which runs through the shopping and entertainment precinct. Cavill Avenue, named after Jim Cavill, an early hotel owner, is one of the busiest shopping strips in Queensland, and the centre of activity for night life. One of the features of the area is the Surfers Paradise Meter Maids designed to build goodwill with tourists.
Surfers Paradise is the Gold Coast's entertainment and tourism centre and the suburb's high-rise buildings are the best known feature of the city's skyline.
In 2009 as part of the
Geography
Surfers Point is bounded to the east by the Coral Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The entire coastline of Surfers Paradise is called Surfers Paradise Beach (28°00′08″S 153°25′53″E / 28.0022°S 153.4314°E) and is a continuous sandy surf beach.[6] The Esplanade is a road that runs along the coast in the north-east of the suburb.[7]
It is bounded to the north-west by the Nerang River which then flows through the suburb to exit at the suburb's most northerly boundary almost at the mouth of the river where it flows into the southern end of Moreton Bay. The south-west of the suburb is land on the western bank of the river and is bounded by Bundall Road.[7]
The Gold Coast Highway passes through the suburb from north to south.[7]
The course of the river has been modified extensively in the latter part of the 20th century to create permanent islands for residential development, some of which were natural features while others were on reclaimed land created by a system of canals.[8]
Macintosh Island is an island, substantially redeveloped to create a canal residential estate (27°59′09″S 153°25′25″E / 27.9858°S 153.4236°E). It was named after Hugh Macintosh, a draftsman in the Queensland Lands Department, who was heavily involved in the surveying of Gold Coast area.[9] It is connected to the mainland by the Gold Coast Highway, which passes through the eastern part of the island from north (Main Beach) to south (Surfers Paradise).[7]
Budds Beach is a beach on the Nerang River on the mainland part of the suburb facing Macintosh Island, Chrevron Island and Cronin Island (27°59′35″S 153°25′27″E / 27.9930°S 153.4241°E).[15] It was named after Alan Foster Budd who built a house there in the 1940s.[16] Jarriparilla Cove is the body of water that lies between Budds Beach and Macintosh Island (27°59′24″S 153°25′34″E / 27.99°S 153.4261°E). It is a traditional Aboriginal name.[17]
Girung Island is a small undeveloped island (28°00′34″S 153°25′09″E / 28.0095°S 153.4191°E) named using
Despite its name, the Isle of Capri is not an island but a canal residential neighbourhood (28°00′42″S 153°25′28″E / 28.0116°S 153.4244°E) in the south-west of the suburb on the western side of the Nerang River.[19][20] Also on the western side of the river and to the north of the Isle of Capri is Evandale Park (28°00′06″S 153°24′58″E / 28.0016°S 153.4161°E) which is a park which contains the Gold Coast Council Chambers (administrative centre) and the council's Home of the Arts cultural precinct.[7]
Northcliffe Beach is a section of the Surfers Paradise Beach (28°00′22″S 153°25′54″E / 28.0061°S 153.4316°E) in the area of Northcliffe Terrace, a name that refers to a 1920s real estate development between Enderley Avenue and Fern Street.[21][22]
History
James Beattie, a farmer, became the first European to settle in the area when he staked out an 80-acre (32 ha) farm on the northern bank of the
In 1917, a land auction was held by Brisbane real estate company Arthur Blackwood to sell subdivided blocks in Elston as the "Surfers' Paradise Estate",[25] but the auction failed because access was difficult. This was the first recorded reference to the name Surfers Paradise.[26]
Elston began to get more visitors after the opening of Jubilee Bridge and the extension of the South Coast Road in 1925. Elston was no longer cut off by the river and speculators began buying land around Elston and further south at Burleigh Heads. Estates down the coast were promoted and hotels opened to accommodate tourists and investors.[26]
In 1925, Brisbane hotelier
In 1934, Surfers Paradise State School was first established on the north-east corner of Laycock Street and the Gold Coast Highway (now Gold Coast Boulevard), three blocks south of Cavill Avenue (28°00′14″S 153°25′44″E / 28.0038°S 153.4289°E).[30] In 1976, the school relocated to its current site on the Isle of Capri.[31][32]
In December 1938, tenders were called to construct a Methodist Church in Hamilton Avenue, just off the Pacific Highway, close to the beach. The church was to seat 140 people and was designed by architect W. J. E. Kerrison. It was anticipated that the church would open at Easter in 1939.
In the late 40s Margot Kelly moved here and had the Hibiscus Room built. This was a fine-dining restaurant and entertainment venue that attracted an exclusive clientele.[44] A development boom followed in the 1950s and 1960s. The first highrise in Surfers Paradise was erected in 1959 and was named the Kinkabool. The Kinkabool stood 10 stories high and remains to this day in Hanlan Street. Many tall apartment buildings were constructed in the decades that followed, including the iconic buildings included the Iluka, St Tropez and The Pink Poodle. The boom later saw strong Japanese investment in the 1980s.[45][46]
Little remains of the early vegetation or natural features of the area and even the historical association of the beachfront development with the river is tenuous. The early subdivision pattern remains, although later reclamation of the islands in the Nerang River as housing estates (e.g. Chevron Island), and the bridges to those islands, have created a contrast reflected in subdivision and building form.[8] Some early remnants survived such as Budds Beach — a low-scale open area on the river which even in the early history of the area was a centre for boating, fishing and swimming.[47]
Some minor changes have occurred in extending the road along the beachfront since the early subdivision and The Esplanade road is now a focus of activity, with supporting shops and restaurants. The intensity of activity, centred on Cavill, Orchid and Elkhorn Avenues, is reflected in the density of development.
Demographics
At the
In the
In the 2021 census, Surfers Paradise had a population of 26,412 people.[4]
Heritage listings
Surfers Paradise has a number of
- 135 Bundall Road (Evandale Park): St Margaret's Church (originally in Nerang) [51]
- 44 Cavill Avenue (Cavill Park): Matey Memorial, a 1957 bronze statue of a homeless dog [52][53][54]
- 18 Fern Street: The Pink Poodle sign [55]
- 32–34 Hanlan Street: Kinkabool, one of the original apartment blocks [56][57]
Attractions
Foreshore
Surfers Paradise is fronted to the east by the Surfers Paradise Foreshore, a rejuvenated public space that fronts Surfers Paradise Beach and the Pacific Ocean. The Foreshore was completed in 2011 and feature contemporary coastal streetscaping that incorporates existing trees and vegetation, including about 95 pandanus trees. The masterplanned space hosts a full calendar of free public events such as the Surfers Paradise Festival and the Australian Sand Sculpting Championships. The area of Surfers Paradise east of Surfers Paradise Boulevard sprawling towards the beach tends to focus on family-friendly attractions such as Time Zone, Ripley's Believe it or Not museum and Adrenalin Park; while the nightclubs and adult entertainment tend to be concentrated in the western part of the suburb.
Accommodations
The precinct offers high rise accommodations to tourists such as Circle on Cavill, Hilton, Q1 and Soul.[58]
- Retail
Surfers Paradise offers some of the Gold Coast's best shopping opportunities, with a variety of stores located in Cavill Avenue and surrounding streets as well as at the
Adrenalin Park
Adrenalin Park is a small
Meter Maids
The
The meter maids initially dressed in gold lamé bikinis and a
The evolution of parking meters to no longer take coins has ended the meter maids's traditional role, but they continue to assist visitors and participate in tourism events.[62][63]
Nightlife Precinct
The "Gold Coast Nightlife Precinct" offers many after-dark activities for visitors, especially around Cavill Avenue. The precinct is considered Australia's nightlife capital and attracts close to 20,000 visitors daily. The
Events
Surfers Paradise hosts a calendar of free public events, largely targeting residents of the Gold Coast, visitors from southeast Queensland and interstate and international tourists.
Surfers Paradise Festival
Staged each March and April, the annual Surfers Paradise Festival is a celebration of local music, food, fashion, film and art and is a key driver of the Gold Coast's long-term cultural development. Across the four weekends of the festival, the Surfers Paradise precinct is transformed into a vibrant showcase of the Gold Coast's emerging arts and cultural scene. The festival comprises an accessible mix of family events, exhibitions, live music, street markets and short film screenings.[64][65]
Gold Coast Marathon
In July, Surfers Paradise hosts the annual Gold Coast Marathon in July, attracting runners from around the world.
Gold Coast 500
In Surfers Paradise there also is the Surfers Paradise Street Circuit, which hosted CART for a long time and now hosts the Gold Coast 500 each October.
Schoolies
Schoolies week is an Australian tradition of high-school graduates (also known as 'schoolies' or 'leavers') having week-long holidays following the end of their final exams in late November and early December. The tradition began on the Gold Coast in the early to mid 1980s and Surfers Paradise is still the largest single venue for the event.[66] Prior to the 1980s, school leavers enjoyed one "muck up day" at the end of their Senior year, which often ended by meeting up at one of the old beer gardens in Surfers or Broadbeach. Official Schoolies events on the Gold Coast are drug-free and alcohol-free events held on the beach. The events often include concerts and parties.
The event is often seen as a rite of passage for graduating students and a transitional period from youth to adulthood. It is constantly criticised as promoting teen sex and under age drinking/drug taking. The event also attracts over age and under age attendees that are referred to as 'toolies' and 'foolies'. It is estimated that around 40,000 teenagers travel to the Gold Coast for the Schoolies event every year.[66] A dedicated Schoolies event zone, featuring live music and youth-themed activities, is established each year on Surfers Paradise Beach in order to provide a safe, fun environment for school leavers. The area is monitored for exclusive use of current Year 12 school leavers. Schoolies Hub Beach area opens nightly from 7pm.
Volunteers in bright orange vests are the Schoolies Support Team who provide practical support and advice. Recharge Zones are located close to the Schoolies Hub to provide a safe place to keep hydrated with free water available.[67]
Sport and recreation
A number of well-known sporting teams represent the local area. At national level representing the Gold Coast include
Education
Surfers Paradise State School is a government primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 42 St Andrews Avenue on the Isle of Capri (28°00′43″S 153°25′15″E / 28.0119°S 153.4207°E).[68][69] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 658 students with 50 teachers (44 full-time equivalent) and 28 non-teaching staff (20 full-time equivalent).[70] It includes a special education program and an intensive English language program.[68][71]
There is no government secondary school in Surfers Paradise. The nearest government secondary schools are Keebra Park State High School in neighboring Southport to the north-west and Benowa State High School in Benowa to the west.[7]
Gold Coast Learning Centre is a continuing education provider with classes in general English, IELTS, TESOL, business, accounting, management, marketing, workplace health and safety, and human resources.[72]
English in Paradise, an English language school and international college that has been operating since 2001.[73]
Holmes Institute, an integrated multi-sector private provider of education. The institute consists of a faculty of Vocational Education and Training, a faculty of Higher Education, a School of Secondary Education and an English Language Centres at each location, including Surfers Paradise.[74]
Rankings
Surfers Paradise Beach is regarded as one of the best beaches on the east coast of Australia and has been recognized with numerous domestic and international awards:
- Surfers Paradise beach was voted as one of the best beaches in the world by the American Travel Channel.[75]
- Surfers Paradise beach was judged Queensland's Cleanest Beach in 2006 by the Keep Australia Beautiful Council.[76]
Transport
The precinct is serviced by two modes of public transport which are Kinetic Group's bus services (formerly Surfside Buslines) and the G:link light rail service. Kinetic Group operates several bus routes which connect the suburb with the western parts of the city. The G:link runs in a north–south direction.
G:link
The G:link light rail system has five stations through the precinct.
Northcliffe station lies on the southern end of Surfers Paradise Boulevard, near the intersection of the Gold Coast Highway. The station services Northcliffe Surf Lifesaving Club and the Northcliffe Beach. Surfers Paradise station is located on Surfers Paradise Boulevard between Clifford Street and Hamilton Avenue. Notably, it is the closest station to the Q1. Cavill Avenue station lies on Surfers Paradise Boulevard between Cavill Avenue and Elkhorn Avenue. It is the closest station to Cavill Avenue, considered to be the heart of the precinct. Cypress Avenue station lies on Surfers Paradise Boulevard between Cypress Avenue and Palm Avenue. It is the closest station to Funtime amusement park. The station provides bus connections to Nerang railway station. Surfers Paradise North station is located on the north side of the intersection of Surfers Paradise Boulevard and Ocean Avenue.
Climate
As a popular destination for beach-goers, Surfers Paradise is noted for its relatively steady warm climate throughout the year. Temperatures recorded at the nearest active weather station, Gold Coast Seaway, are milder than Brisbane in summer and warmer in winter. Extreme temperatures at the station have ranged from 40.5 °C (104.9 °F) on 22 February 2004 to 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) on 19 July 2007. The average temperature of the sea ranges from 21.5 °C (70.7 °F) in July and August to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in February.[77]
Climate data for Gold Coast Seaway, Queensland, Australia (1987–present normals and extremes); 3 m AMSL | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 38.5 (101.3) |
40.5 (104.9) |
36.3 (97.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
29.4 (84.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
36.8 (98.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
39.4 (102.9) |
40.5 (104.9) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 31.7 (89.1) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.8 (83.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
25.3 (77.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.3 (70.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
17.3 (63.1) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
7.9 (46.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
14.7 (58.5) |
2.5 (36.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 137.8 (5.43) |
190.8 (7.51) |
158.6 (6.24) |
119.6 (4.71) |
96.8 (3.81) |
110.7 (4.36) |
49.4 (1.94) |
53.2 (2.09) |
41.2 (1.62) |
90.6 (3.57) |
111.9 (4.41) |
140.4 (5.53) |
1,301 (51.22) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.2 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 7.1 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 8.1 | 9.1 | 93.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
70.0 | 71.0 | 69.5 | 66.5 | 65.0 | 63.5 | 60.0 | 58.5 | 62.0 | 64.5 | 66.5 | 68.0 | 65.4 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.3 (59.6) |
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology (temperature, precipitation, humidity- 1987–present normals and extremes)[78]
|
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
2006 | 18,501 | — |
2011 | 19,668 | +6.3% |
2016 | 23,689 | +20.4% |
In popular culture
As an iconic holiday destination, Surfers Paradise has been namechecked in numerous popular Australian songs and other works including:
- The Australian Crawl song "The Boys Light Up" also mentions the line "That flat in Surfers Paradise, with the ocean view".[79]
- The Redgum song "Gladstone Pier", from their 1984 album Frontline, includes the line "From Surfers up to Townsville..."[80]
- The Kev Carmody song "Elly" mentions the line "She gazed up at the tall glass and concrete walls at Main Street Surfers Paradise".
- Pop singer Cody Simpson released an album titled Surfers Paradise as a tribute to his hometown.
- American rapper Donald Glover, known under his stage name "Childish Gambino", referenced the Gold Coast in his 2014 song "Retro": "down under, surfin' on the Gold Coast".
- The region is part of the racing video game Forza Horizon 3and is the location of the Horizon Surfers Paradise Festival.
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- ^ "ACARA School Profile 2018". Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
- ^ "Surfers Paradise Special Education Unit". Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- ^ "About Gold Coast Learning Centre, Surfers Paradise". Gold Coast Learning Centre. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ "About English in Paradise | Study Gold Coast | EIP". English in Paradise. 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ "Holmes Institute: /Locations /Gold Coast". www.holmes.edu.au. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ Travel Channel Archived 18 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine 6 December 2006
- ^ "Australian Clean Beaches Honour Roll". Keep Australia Beautiful. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ Ltd, Copyright Global Sea Temperatures – A-Connect. "Gold Coast Sea Temperature | Australia | Sea Temperatures". World Sea Temperatures. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archivedfrom the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
- ^ "The Boys Light Up". Song Facts. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ "Gladstone Pier". Red Raggin' - The Redgum Lyrics Archive. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
Sources
- "Gold Coast Local Heritage Register - A to M" (PDF). Gold Coast City Council. Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
- "Gold Coast Local Heritage Register - N to Z" (PDF). Gold Coast City Council. Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
External links
- "Surfers Paradise". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland.
- The Official Gold Coast Surfers Paradise Archived 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine in the Queensland website
- Surfers Paradise Alliance—The Official Site
- Map of Surfers Paradise at Tourism Queensland; includes locations of many popular buildings and attractions
- "Town map of Surfers Paradise". Queensland Government. 1984.
- John Gollings Surfers Paradise Photographs 1973, 2013; State Library of Queensland