Susannah Hornebolt
Susanna Hornebolt | |
---|---|
Born | 1503 |
Died | c. 1554 (aged 50–51) England |
Nationality | Flanders (born) - England (1522 +) |
Known for | Portrait miniature, illuminations |
Notable work | Illumination, The Savior |
Spouse(s) | John Parker, John Gilman |
Susanna(h) A Hornebolt or Horenbout
She came to England, as did Lucas, her father, and mother, Margaret Svanders Hornebolt. (The family name was anglicised to Hornebolt in 1534). She was a gentlewoman of the Privy Chamber for
Her work has been admired by contemporary artists Albrecht Dürer, Guicciardini and Vasari.
Biography
Early life and art in Ghent
Hornebolt was an illuminator, and daughter of
The Hornebolt family, associated with the
Jane Seymour's household
She then came to England with her parents, Gerard and Margaret Hornebolt,[7] in 1522(allegedly, she is only confirmed in England in 1528) and was a gentlewoman attendant to Jane Seymour and an artist for Henry VIII's court. Jane Seymour died in 1537.[12]
Marriage to Parker
Around 1525 or 1526 she was married to John Parker (c. 1493/4-September 1537), who was for
Marriage to Gilman and Queen's privy chamber
She married widower John Gilman or Gylmyn (c. 1503–1558) on September 22, 1539 in Westminster at St. Margaret's Church. He had a daughter,[1] was a vintner's company freeman, and was, or was to become, Serjeant of the King's Woodyard.[6] She was the second of Gilman's three wives and gentlewoman attendant to Anne of Cleves.[14]
Two weeks after her marriage to Gilman,[1] she went to Cleves to escort Anne to England for her marriage on 6 January 1540 to Henry VIII. The king provided £40 so that Hornebolt could have a properly appointed wardrobe.[5][15] She was poor at that time and did not have the proper clothes for the stately visit.[15] The trip was to Cleves was led by Nicholas Wotton, dean of Canterbury, and included her husband, John Gilman.[5][16]
Hornebolt became a member of Queen Anne's privy chamber and was responsible for four servants.[15][17] The queen considered her the "first of her gentlewomen."[5]
The Gilmans lived in London, first in St. Bide's parish and then
She died in 1545[7] or in the 1550s,[5] but by 1554 when Gilman married for the third time.[12][nb 3]
Artist in England
According to James Lees-Milne, Hornebolt worked for the king as a "clever illuminator" and had competition from another woman, the daughter of manuscript illuminator Simon Bening, Levina Teerlinc of Bruges,[9][nb 4] who was 10 or more years younger than Hornebolt.[5] J.D. Mackie, author of The Earlier Tudors, 1485-1558 submits that portraits and miniatures of the king were likely made by Gerard, Lucas, and Susannah.[2][nb 5] "This Susanna Hornbaud is stated to have practised painting in miniature in England and with greatest success, being much patronised by Henry the Eighth and all the Court," said The Society of Antiquaries of London.[20] She was described by authors Lorne Campbell and Susan Foister as "an excellent painter and illuminator, who had found the highest favour at the court of Henry VIII in England.[21] Catherine Parr was said to have employed three women miniature painters and these were Susannah Hornebolt, Levina Teerlinc and Margaret Holsewyther.[22]
In historical fiction
Susanna Horenbout and John Parker are the protagonists in a series of historical fiction novels by Michelle Diener, first published in 2011. Horenbout is portrayed as a "one part skilled painter and two parts damsel in distress",[23] later developing into "a more active heroine".[24]
Notes
- ^ Other alternate spellings include Hornebaud, Horenbout, Hoorenbault, and Horebout.[1] The family name was anglicized in 1534 in a patent of denization as Hornebolt.[2]
- ^ She may have been sister to a Gerard and either the daughter or sister of Lucas.[9] Gerard called her his sister when praising her work; It is likely, based upon the periods of time that they worked for Henry VIII, that Lucas and Gerard are cousins or brothers.[7]
- ^ She is said to have died in Worcester and an account states that she was wife of a sculptor called Worsley[7][20] or Whorstly.[4] One Worsley is mentioned in the list of the royal household, and she may have married him after Parker's death,[7] except that Hornebolte was the second of John Gilman's wives.[14] After Susanna's death, Gilman married a woman named Ellen, who proved his will.[17]
- Queen Elizabeth.[9]
- ^ Kathy Lee Emerson, author of Wives and Daughters: The Women of Sixteenth Century England contends that Hornebolt only had a reputation as a working artist on the European continent.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Kathy Lynn Emerson, Wives and Daughters: The Women of Sixteenth Century England[permanent dead link]. Troy, NY: Whitston, 1984. p. 113.
- ^ a b J. D. Mackie, The Earlier Tudors, 1485-1558. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952. p. 599.
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13797. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ a b British Women's History Timeline, HistoryofWomen.org (Helena Wojtczak). Accessed 2 December 2013.
- ^ ISBN 0-8122-0698-3. p. 78–79.
- ^ a b c d Campbell, Lorne; Foister, Susan (October 1986). "Gerard, Lucas and Susanna Horenbout". The Burlington Magazine. Special Issue Devoted to British Art from 1500 to the Present Day. 128 (1003): 719–727.
- ^ a b c d e f g This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lionel Henry Cust (1891). "Hornebolt, Gerard". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 27. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 365–366.
- ^ James Thorne. Handbook to the Environs of London: Alphabetically Arranged, Containing an Account of Every Town and Village, and of All Places of Interest, Within a Circle of Twenty Miles Round London. John Murray; 1876. p. 220.
- ^ a b c James Lees-Milne, Tudor Renaissance[permanent dead link] London: Batsford, 1951). p. 67.
- ISBN 978-1-85109-772-2. p. 31.
- ISBN 978-0-7546-6381-2. p. 242, 263.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i A Who's Who of Tudor Women. Archived 26 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Kate Emerson Historicals. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
- ^ The Mentor. Mentor Association, Incorporated; 1921. p. 37.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84885-983-8. p. 184.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-77037-8. p. 111, 116, 124.
- ^ Alexander William Gillman. Searches Into the History of the Gillman Or Gilman Family: Including the Various Branches in England, Ireland, America and Belgium. E. Stock; 1895. p. 52.
- ^ a b Alexander William Gillman. Searches Into the History of the Gillman Or Gilman Family: Including the Various Branches in England, Ireland, America and Belgium. E. Stock; 1895. p. 32.
- ^ Alexander William Gillman. Searches Into the History of the Gillman Or Gilman Family: Including the Various Branches in England, Ireland, America and Belgium. E. Stock; 1895. pp. 4, 32.
- ^ Alexander William Gillman. Searches Into the History of the Gillman Or Gilman Family: Including the Various Branches in England, Ireland, America and Belgium. E. Stock; 1895. p. 33.
- ^ a b Society of Antiquaries of London. Archaeologia, or, Miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity. The Society; 1863. p. 29.
- ISBN 978-1-884964-21-3. p. 42.
- ISSN 2331-1983.
- ^ "In a Treacherous Court". Publishers Weekly. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ "Keeper of the King's Secrets". Publishers Weekly. 6 February 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Further reading
- Susan E. James. The Feminine Dynamic in English Art, 1485-1603: Women As Consumers, Patrons and Painters. Ashgate Publishing Company; 2009. ISBN 978-0-7546-6381-2. p. 242-244, 263.