Symphyotrichum puniceum
| Symphyotrichum puniceum | |
|---|---|
| |
| In Beaver County, Pennsylvania | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Tribe: | Astereae |
| Subtribe: | Symphyotrichinae |
| Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
| Subgenus: | Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum
|
| Section: | Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
|
| Species: | S. puniceum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Symphyotrichum puniceum | |
| Varieties[2] | |
| |
| |
| Native distribution[2] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Basionym
Alphabetical list
| |
Symphyotrichum puniceum (formerly Aster puniceus), is a
native to eastern North America. It is commonly known as purplestem aster,[3] red-stalk aster,[4] red-stemmed aster,[5] red-stem aster, and swamp aster.[6] It also has been called early purple aster, cocash, swanweed, and meadow scabish.[7]
Its range extends from the edges of the
adventive in Europe.[2]
Description
Symphyotrichum puniceum produces flowers between August and October. The
disc florets are yellow to cream-colored, becoming pink or purple with maturity.[8]
-
Stem and leaves -
Involucre showing phyllaries and bracts -
Flower head
Taxonomy
Symphyotrichum puniceum is a variable species, and many forms have been named.
The species Calvin College botanists David P. Warners and Daniel C. Laughlin gave evidence that they should be considered two distinct species.[12] Compared to S. firmum, Symphyotrichum puniceum is typically hairier, with purpler flowers, and does not form dense colonies but rather small clusters or scattered individuals.[13]
-
Symphyotrichum puniceum on left and S. firmum on right
Hybrids between this species and Symphyotrichum boreale have been recorded and are called Symphyotrichum × longulum.[14]
Conservation
As of July 2021[update], NatureServe listed Symphyotrichum puniceum as Secure (G5) worldwide and Critically Imperiled (S1) in Mississippi.[1] It listed S. puniceum var. puniceum as Vulnerable (S3) in Kentucky,[15] and S. puniceum var. scabricaule as overall an Imperiled Variety (T2) and Critically Imperiled (S1) in Texas.[16]
Uses
Medicinal
Symphyotrichum puniceum has been used for medicinal purposes among
Citations
- ^ a b NatureServe 2021a.
- ^ a b c d e f g POWO 2019.
- ^ a b USDA 2014.
- ^ LeGrand, Sorrie & Howard 2021.
- ^ Bebeau 2015.
- ^ Chayka & Dziuk 2016.
- ^ Blanchan 1917, p. 190.
- ^ a b Brouillet et al. 2006a.
- ^ IPNI 2021.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006b.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006c.
- ^ Warners & Laughlin 1999.
- ^ Reznicek, Voss & Walters 2011.
- ^ Brouillet et al. 2006d.
- ^ NatureServe 2021b.
- ^ NatureServe 2021c.
- ^ Densmore 1928.
- ^ Leighton 1985, 39209.
- ^ Leighton 1985, 39206.
- ^ Herrick 1977, 39211.
- ^ Herrick 1977, 39212.
- ^ Herrick 1977, 39214.
- ^ Herrick 1977, 39213.
- ^ Herrick 1977, 39215.
References
- Bebeau, G.D. (2015). "Red-stemmed Aster & Purplestem Aster (Swamp Aster, Aster Ponceau) Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum". Friends of the Wild Flower Garden (www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org). Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- Blanchan, N. (1917). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Boston: IndyPublish.com. Retrieved 15 July 2021 – via Internet Archive (www.archive.org).
- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006a). "Symphyotrichum puniceum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 5 July 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006b). "Symphyotrichum puniceum var. scabricaule". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 15 July 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006c). "Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 15 July 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006d). "Symphyotrichum boreale". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 13 September 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- Chayka, K.; Dziuk, P. (2016). "Symphyotrichum puniceum (Purple-stemmed Aster)". Minnesota Wildflowers. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- Densmore, F. (1928). Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians. p. 376. Retrieved 22 June 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- Herrick, J.W. (1977). Iroquois Medical Botany (PhD). Albany: State University of New York – via abstract at Native American Ethnobotany DB (naeb.brit.org).
- The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- LeGrand, H.; Sorrie, B.; Howard, T. (2021). "Account for Purplestem Aster - Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Love & D. Love". Vascular Plants of North Carolina. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- Leighton, A.L. (1985). Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. p. 31 – via abstract at Native American Ethnobotany DB (naeb.brit.org).
- NatureServe (2 July 2021a). "Symphyotrichum puniceum - Swamp Aster". NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org). NatureServe. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- NatureServe (2 July 2021b). "Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum - Swamp Aster". NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org). NatureServe. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- NatureServe (2 July 2021c). "Symphyotrichum puniceum var. scabricaule - Rough-stem Aster". NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org). NatureServe. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- POWO (2019). "Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve". Plants of the World Online (www.plantsoftheworldonline.org). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- Reznicek, A.A.; Voss, E.G.; Walters, B.S., eds. (February 2011). "Symphyotrichum puniceum". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan Herbarium. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- USDA, NRCS (2014). "Symphyotrichum puniceum". USDA PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- Warners, D.P.; Laughlin, D.C. (1999). "Evidence for a species-level distinction of two co-occurring asters: Aster puniceus L. and Aster firmus Nees". Great Lakes Botanist. 38 (2). ISSN 2573-4172. Retrieved 5 July 2021.