TMEM106A
| TMEM106A | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||
Gene ontology | |||
| Molecular function | |||
| Cellular component | |||
| Biological process |
| ||
| Sources:Amigo / QuickGO | |||
Ensembl | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UniProt | |||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | |||||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | |||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 17: 43.21 – 43.22 Mb | Chr 11: 101.47 – 101.48 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
TMEM106A is a
Homo sapiens.[5] It is located at 17q21.31 on the plus strand next to cancer-related genes NBR1 and BRCA1.[5][6] The TMEM106A gene contains a domain of unknown function, DUF1356.[5]
Protein structure
The TMEM106A protein has a molecular weight of 28.9 kdal. It has 262 amino acids, 240 of which are in the domain of function.alpha-helix and beta-strand secondary structures (this does not include transmembrane structures).[10][11]
There are several areas for post-translational modification for TMEM106A including:
- Phosphorylation,[12]
- N-glycosylation[13]
- Lysine glycosylation[14]
Homology
Paralogs
The TMEM106A gene has two paralogs: invertebrates to mammals.
| Protein | Accession Number | Amino Acids | Identity Percent | Highest Expression |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMEM106A | AAI46977 | 262 | 100 | Kidney [16] |
| TMEM106B | NP_001127704 | 274 | 43 | Ubiquitous [17] |
| TMEM106C | AAI07793 | 231 | 36 | Ubiquitous [18] |
Orthologs
The TMEM106A gene has been found in only the
Tunicata, which are invertebrate marine filter feeders. This phylum split occurred 722.5 million years ago.[21]
TMEM106A has not been seen in bacteria, plants, or fungi.
| Organism | Common Name | Accession Number | Amino Acids | Identity Percent | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens |
Human | AAI46977.1 | 262 | 100 | Mammal |
Pan troglodytes |
Chimpanzee | XP_001154896.2 | 262 | 99.2 | Mammal |
Pongo abelii |
Orangutan | XP_002827523.1 | 262 | 96.2 | Mammal |
Callithrix jacchus |
Marmoset | XP_002748067.1 | 262 | 90.5 | Mammal |
Canis lupus familiaris |
Dog | XP_548074.2 | 262 | 84.8 | Mammal |
Mus musculus |
Mouse | AAH22145.1 | 261 | 66.4 | Mammal |
Xenopus borealis |
Marsabit Clawed Frog | ACC55056.1 | 262 | 59.5 | Reptile |
Danio rerio |
Zebrafish | AAH50177.1 | 282 | 34.5 | Fish |
| Oikopleura dioica | Sea-squirt | CBY08060.1 | 249 | 27.8 | Invertebrate |
Expression
TMEM106A is expressed in several human tissues. The tissues with highest expression are
kidneys, small intestine, and stomach.[16][22] EST profiles for orthologs show expression is conserved with greatest expression in kidneys and lesser expression in several other areas.[23] Some tissues never show expression including: muscle, adipose tissue, and bone
.
Gene neighborhood
In Homo sapiens, TMEM106A is located next to NBR1, a gene identified as an ovarian tumor antigen monitored in ovarian cancer.[24] It is also located near BRCA1, a breast cancer tumor suppressor gene.[25] The first 140 amino acids of the TMEM106A protein, including portions of DUF1356 and a transmembrane region, are deleted along with BRCA1 during early-onset breast cancer.[26]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184988 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034947 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c d "Entrez Gene: TMEM106A transmembrane protein 106A".
- ^ "Genecards: TMEM106A transmembrane protein 106A".
- PMID 10087920.
- PMID 8126732.
- PMID 9051728.
- PMID 642007.
- )
- PMID 10600390.
- ^ Gupta R, Jung E, Brunak S (2004). "Prediction of N-glycosylation sites in human proteins". Archived from the original on 2021-06-11. Retrieved 2012-05-08.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - PMID 16762979.
- ^ "NCBI Conserved Domains: DUF1356".
- ^ a b "EST profile: TMEM106A transmembrane protein 106A"..
- ^ "EST profile: TMEM106B transmembrane protein 106B"..
- ^ "EST profile: TMEM106C transmembrane protein 106C"..
- PMID 19919682.
- ^ "NCBI Homologene: TMEM106A".
- PMID 17021158.
- ^ "GEO Profiles: TMEM106A transmembrane protein 106A".
- ^ "EST profiles"..
- PMID 11856312.
- PMID 21989022.
- S2CID 22991723.
External links
- Feric M, Zhao B, Hoffert JD, Pisitkun T, Knepper MA (April 2011). "Large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis of membrane proteins in renal proximal and distal tubule". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 300 (4): C755–70. PMID 21209370.