Temryuk Idar
Temryuk Idar | |
---|---|
Айдарыкъо Темырикъу | |
The Grand Prince of Kabardia | |
Preceded by | Kaytuk |
Succeeded by | Shiapshuk |
In office 1554–1571 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Idar (father) |
Temryuk Idar or Temroqwa Idar (
Alliance with Ivan the Terrible
Temroqwa is one of the most controversial leaders in
Temroqwa was skilled ruler and military leader. He noticed the increasing military support from the Ottomans to the Tatars and feared this would affect the Circassians' ability to thwart any possible assault. Temroqwa explored the possible allies, and settled his choice on the Tsarist Russia. In 1557, Temroqwa sent a delegation to Moscow to seek alliance with the Russians. The delegation included his sons Sultan Qul and Bulat Gery, who were welcomed by Ivan the Terrible. Ivan agreed to join the alliance with Kabardia.[2]
Based on the treaty of alliance between the Circassians and the Russians, Circassian cavalry forces participated in several battles with the Russian army in
In 1560, Anastasia Romanovna, Ivan's first wife, died. It was proposed that Ivan would marry Catherine Jagiellon in order to strengthen diplomatic relations with Poland. However Ivan instead decided to marry Temroqwa's daughter, Gwashanay. A high-level delegation was sent to betroth Gwashanay. She was accompanied by her brother, Sultan Qul, on her way to Moscow. Gwashanay was later baptized and became known as Maria Temryukovna. Her brother married the daughter of a member of the tsar's entourage who handled the state treasury. He was later baptized and became known as Mikhael.[3]
In several narratives, Temroqwa was described as a tyrant who only cared about his rule. However, after his death, many elegies were written for him. Temroqwa allied with Tsarist Russia under the belief of unity against shared enemies.[3][2]
In 1556 Temroqwa led a military campaign against the Tatars. He managed to expel the Tatars from the Circassian lands and to chase the fleeing troops until Taman Peninsula. There, Temroqwa established the city which is now known as Temryuk. In 1569, in an attempt to push back the Russian forces, Tatar-Ottoman joint troops attacked the city of Astrakhan in the Khanate of Kazan. The joint troops were annihilated by a sudden attack from Temroqwa. Temroqwa kept his advance until north of the Don and established the city of known today as Novocherkassk (New Circassia) near Rustov.[4]
Death
In 1570, the Tatars swept and burned
References
- ^ a b Demidova, N.F. "Temruk Idarovich". Hrono. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
- ^ a b "Domestic and foreign policy of Ivan the Terrible.". Bibliotekar. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
- ^ a b c d Khasht, Ali. Circassian Prince Temroqwa Idar.
- ^ Bronevsky, S.N. "Historical summary on Russia's relations with Persia, Georgia and with the mountain peoples of the Caucasus". Vostlit. Retrieved 2021-09-09.