Tephritoidea

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Tephritoidea
Female Physiphora alceae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Tephritoidea
Families

see text

The Tephritoidea are a superfamily of flies. It has over 7,800 species, the majority of them in family Tephritidae.[1]

The following families are included:[2]

The Tachiniscinae, formerly ranked as the family Tachiniscidae, are now included in the Tephritidae.

Description

Tephritoidea are generally rather hairy flies with

oviscape and the posterior consisting of two pairs of longitudinal taeniae.[3]

In most Tephritoidea, the anal cell of a wing has a characteristic shape: the anal crossvein is indented while the cell's outer posterior angle is produced into an acute lobe. The exceptions to this rule are Platystomatidae and some Tephritidae, Ulidiidae (=Otitidae), and Pyrgotidae.[4]

Many tephritoid families have spots or patterns on their wings. These are Pallopteridae,[5] Platystomatidae,[6] Pyrgotidae,[7] Richardiidae,[8] Tephritidae[9] and Ulidiidae.[10]

Ecology

Tephritoidea includes plant pests in the families Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae and Ulidiidae.[11][12] In these pest species, adult females lay their eggs on plant tissues, which hatch into larvae that begin feeding.[11] However, Tephritoidea also includes parasitoids (Ctenostylidae, Pyrgotidae and the tephritid subfamily Tachiniscinae) and saprophages that feed on decaying plants (subfamily Phytalmiinae and some Lonchaeidae).[2][11]

Phylogeny

Tephritoidea is a monophyletic superfamily that can be divided into two also-monophyletic groups: the Piophilidae Family Group (Pallopteridae, Circumphallidae, Lonchaeidae, Piophilidae and Eurygnathomyiidae) and the Tephritidae Family Group (Richardiidae, Ulidiidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Ctenostylidae and Pyrgotidae).[2]

Evolution

The first Tephritoidea are believed to have evolved in the mid-Paleocene, approximately 59 million years ago.[2]

References

  1. PMID 25337022
    .
  2. ^
    doi:10.1111/jzs.12139
    .
  3. OCLC 48652104
    .
  4. ISSN 0067-1967
    .
  5. ^ "Family Pallopteridae - Flutter Flies". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
  6. ^ "Signal Fly - Family Platystomatidae". www.brisbaneinsects.com. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
  7. ^ Korneyev, V. A. (2004). "Genera of Palaearctic Pyrgotidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata), with Nomenclatural Notes and a Key". Vestnik Zoologii. 38 (1): 19–46.
  8. PMID 27395297
    .
  9. ^ "Family Tephritidae - Fruit Flies". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
  10. doi:10.23885/1814-3326-2012-8-2-342-345
    .
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-953-51-0050-8
    , retrieved 2022-06-21
  12. S2CID 86617692
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tephritoidea&oldid=1138719051"