Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate

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Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate
Ball-and-stick model of the Tetramine copper(II) cation
Ball-and-stick model of the Tetramine copper(II) cation
Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate
  Copper, Cu
  Oxygen, O
  Nitrogen, N
  Sulfur, S
  Hydrogen, H
Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate crystals
Names
IUPAC name
Tetraammineaquacopper(II) sulfate
Other names
  • Cuprammonium(II) sulfate
  • Cuprammonium(II) sulfate monohydrate
  • Cupric sulfate, ammoniated
  • Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ECHA InfoCard
 100.155.305 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
SMILES
  • [OH2+][Cu-3]([NH3+])([NH3+])([NH3+])[NH3+].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-]
Properties
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)]SO4
Molar mass 245.79 g/mol (monohydrate)
Appearance dark blue-purple solution or crystals
Odor Ammonia
Density 1.81 g/cm3
Boiling point 330 °C (626 °F; 603 K)
18.5 g/(100 g) (21.5 °C)[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate
Tetraaminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate milled
Tetraamminecopper(II) iodide
Analogous compound with different anion: tetraamminecopper(II) iodide monohydrate

Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate, or more precisely tetraammineaquacopper(II) sulfate, is the

cation). It is closely related to Schweizer's reagent, which is used for the production of cellulose fibers in the production of rayon
.

Synthesis

This compound can be prepared by adding concentrated

isopropanol.[1]

4 NH3 + CuSO4·5H2O → [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)]SO4 + 4 H2O

Chemical reaction and solubility

The deep blue crystalline solid tends to

hydrolyse and evolve (release) ammonia upon standing in air.[1]
It is fairly soluble in water. The brilliant dark blue-violet color of tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate solution is due to presence of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (tetraamminecopper(II) cation). Often, the dark blue-violet color is used as a positive test to verify the presence of Cu2+ in a solution.

Structure and properties

The solid state structure of tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate monohydrate confirms that the compound is a

cation is [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)]2+ (tetraammineaquacopper(II) cation), which has a square pyramidal molecular geometry. The Cu-N and Cu-O bond length are about 210 and 233 pm, respectively, as determined by X-ray crystallography.[2] The correct concentrations of ammonia and copper(II) sulfate solution needed to synthesize the complex can be determined by colorimetry. The combination of the correct concentrations will produce the highest absorbance read out on the colorimeter
and as a result the formula of the complex can be verified.

Corrosion

The characteristic deep blue colour of the tetraammine complex is found in

animal waste, which produced trace amounts of ammonia. This type of corrosion is known as season cracking
.

Uses

The closely related Schweizer's reagent is used for the production of cuprammonium rayon.

References

  1. ^ a b c Editor G.Brauer "Tetraamminecopper (II) Sulfate" Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, 1965, New York. Vol. 2. p. 1021.
  2. doi:10.1107/S0567740869001725
    .
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