Texas Jack Omohundro
Texas Jack Omohundro | |
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Born | John Baker Omohundro July 27, 1846 |
Died | June 28, 1880 | (aged 33)
Occupations | |
Spouse | |
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John Baker Omohundro (July 27, 1846 – June 28, 1880), also known as "Texas Jack", was an American frontier
Early life
Omohundro was born in Palmyra on the Pleasure Hill farm in Fluvanna County, Virginia, on July 27, 1846, to John Burwell and Catherine Baker Omohundro, of Anglo-American ancestry. He attended grammar school in Fluvanna and at an early age showed a strong skill in hunting and fishing.[1]
At the start of the
Cowboy, hunting, and scouting career
After the Civil War, Omohundro left Virginia at age 19 for Florida. After a short time, he moved on to Texas, arriving at the Taylor Ranch near
In 1869, Texas Jack moved to Fort Hays, Kansas, where he met California Joe Milner and Wild Bill Hickok, the latter being sheriff of Ellis County at the time. Later that year, Jack met and befriended William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, who was working with the 5th US Cavalry at Fort McPherson, and Jack was hired as a scout and trail guide during the Indian Wars.[5] Special permission had to be obtained as the US government did not generally permit the employment of ex-Confederate soldiers. During the Battle of Summit Springs, Texas Jack captured his well-known white horse from Indian Chief Tall Bull.[6] Texas Jack moved to Cottonwood Springs, Nebraska, where, aside from his work as a scout for the government, he made a lucrative living leading hunting expeditions for American and foreign parties, which were popular at the time. Notably, Texas Jack, together with Cody, led the highly publicized royal hunt of 1872 with Grand Duke Alexei of Russia and several American military figures, including General Philip Sheridan, General George Armstrong Custer, and Colonel James W. Forsyth.[7] Later in 1874, Texas Jack guided the
Acting
In December 1872, Omohundro and Cody debuted the first Wild West show, Scouts of the Prairie, in Chicago written and produced by Ned Buntline.[10] Texas Jack's performance was well received by critics and featured the first rope act performed on the American stage.[11] The show starred Giuseppina Morlacchi, a dancer and actress from Milan, Italy, who was performing in the theater circuit with her Morlacchi Ballet Troupe when she was invited to join Scouts of the Prairie with the group.[12] She and Texas Jack fell in love and were married on August 31, 1873, at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Rochester, New York.[13]
In 1873, Buntline left, and Wild Bill Hickok joined the group to headline in a new play called Scouts of the Plains. Hickok did not enjoy acting, often hiding behind scenery, and in one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. He was released from the group after a few months.[14]
Desiring a lighter tour schedule, Texas Jack parted ways with Cody, and in 1877, he formed his own acting troupe in St. Louis, known as the Texas Jack Combination featuring Morlacchi, Arizona John Burke, Modoc War scout Donald McKay, trick-shot Maud Oswald, and several Sweetwater and Warm Spring Indians. In May of that year, he debuted Texas Jack in the Black Hills, written by Harry Seymour, to rave reviews.[15] Other plays the combination performed included The Trappers Daughter, Life on the Border, and The French Spy.
Dime novels
In the late 19th century,
In 1900,
In 1906, Verlagshaus für Volkslitteratur und Kunst, Berlin, published a series of dime novels in German, titled "Texas Jack, Der Grosse Kundschafter" (Texas Jack, the Great Scout). Inspired by Omohundro, the stories are of the fictional Jack Hawkins, an orphan who becomes a scout and cowboy in the American West engaging in skirmishes with Indians and opium smugglers, while some stories are set during the Mormon War and in Maximilian's Mexico. In Germany, the novels were republished in three subsequent series, and they were translated into eight languages - French "Texas Jack, la Terreur Des Indiens" (Texas Jack, the Terror of the Indians), Swedish "Texas Jack, Amerikas mest berömde indianbekämpare" (Texas Jack, America's Famous Indian Fighter), Finnish, Danish, Polish, Dutch, Portuguese, and Italian.[19]
In 1966, "Lion", a weekly comic by Fleetway, published a series about Omohundro titled "Texas Jack", which was released in the United Kingdom and Australia after earlier success they had with other Western-themed comics such as "Cowboy Comics", "Buffalo Bill", and "Kit Carson". Unlike earlier dime novels, they were formatted like comics, and the stories were illustrated using panels.[20] In 1972, the "Lion" comics were translated into Spanish and reissued with new cover art by the Rollán publishing house of Madrid for distribution in Spain.[21][22]
Death and legacy
Texas Jack and Morlacchi settled in Massachusetts with a home in downtown Lowell and a small farm in Billerica.[23] In the spring of 1880, after several performances in the region, the couple decided to sojourn in the silver-mining town of Leadville, Colorado. There, Omohundro became acquainted with Horace Tabor and briefly joined Tabor's Light Cavalry, a local militia formed to keep order in the newly founded town.[24] A few months after arriving, Texas Jack contracted a cold, which developed into pneumonia, and he died weeks later. The funeral was well-attended, and he was given full military honors, with several military companies in attendance firing a three-volley salute as his flag-draped coffin was lowered into the ground.[25] His final resting place is Evergreen Cemetery in Leadville. Shortly after Texas Jack's death, Morlacchi returned to their home in Lowell. She never toured again.[26]
After several years, the grave fell into disrepair, and a traveling group of comedians raised funds to provide for its upkeep.[27] In 1908, while passing through Leadville, Cody visited the cemetery and commissioned a granite grave marker for his old friend, mistakenly listing Texas Jack's age as 39 years.[28]
In 1980, the Texas Jack Association was formed to preserve and promote Texas Jack's memory.[29]
In 1994, Texas Jack Omohundro was inducted into the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in the Hall of Great Western Performers.[30]
References
- ^ Omohundro (1950), p. 512.
- ^ Omohundro (1950), pp. 513–515.
- ^ Logan (1954), pp. 9–18.
- ^ Yagoda (2000), p. 58.
- ^ Logan (1954), pp. 31–33; 45.
- ^ "Texas Jack - A Sketch of the Frontier Hero and his Horse". The Hickman Courier. July 27, 1872. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Cody (1920), p. 230.
- ^ Dunraven (1917), p. 50.
- ^ "Hunting the Elk". The Cecil Whig. April 28, 1877. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Hall (2001), p. 54.
- ^ Logan (1954), p. 73.
- ^ Barker (1984), p. 130.
- ^ "Personal Intelligence". The New York Herald. September 3, 1873. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Burns, Walter Noble (November 2, 1911). "Frontier Hero - Reminiscences of Wild Bill Hickok by his old Friend Buffalo Bill". The Blackfoot Optimist. (Blackfoot, Idaho). Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ "Wood's Theater". The Cincinnati Daily Star. May 15, 1877. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Johannsen (1950), p. 217.
- ^ Harris (1900), p. 4.
- ^ Harris; Wooten (1918), p. 427.
- ^ "Story of Swedish Western Dime Novels". Book Collector. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Kibble-White (2005), pp. 157–161.
- ^ "Texas Jack (1972, Rollán)". Asociación Cultural Tebeosfera. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Ficha Catálogo 32 - Texas Jack". Cuadernos de la Historieta Española. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "M'lle Morlacchi and Her Farm". Public Ledger (Memphis, Tenn.). 6 August 1870. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ Logan (1954), p. 183.
- ^ "Racy Reminiscences - Love at First Sight". The Butler Weekly Times. May 28, 1884. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Logan (1954), p. 190.
- ^ "Romance of a Scout". Pittsburg Dispatch. Jan 22, 1889. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Omohundro (1950), p. 523.
- ^ "About TJA". The Texas Jack Association. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ "Great Western Performers". National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
Further reading
- Kerns, Matthew (2021). Texas Jack: America's First Cowboy Star. Lanham: TwoDot. ISBN 9781493055425.
- Omohundro, Malvern Hill (1950). The Omohundro Genealogical Record. Staunton: McClure Print Co.
- Logan, Herschel C. (1954). Buckskin and Satin: The Life of Texas Jack and His Wife. Harrisburg: Stackpole.
- Yagoda, Ben (2000). Will Rogers: A Biography. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3238-9.
- Cody, Colonel W.F. (1920). An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill. New York: Cosmopolitan Book Corporation.
- Earl of Dunraven (1917). Hunting in the Yellowstone or On the Trail of the Wapiti with Texas Jack in the Land of Geysers. New York: Outing Publishing Company.
- Hall, Roger A. (2001). Performing the American Frontier, 1870-1906. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79320-9.
- Barker, Barbara (1984). Ballet or Ballyhoo: The American Careers of Maria Bonfanti, Rita Sangalli, and Giuseppina Morlacchi. New York: Dance Horizons. ISBN 9780871271365.
- Johannsen, Albert (1950). The House of Beadle and Adams and its Nickel and Dime Novels. University of Oklahoma Press.
- Harris, Joel Chandler (1900). On the Wing of Occasions. New York: Doubleday.
- Harris, Julia Collier; Wootten, Katherine H. (1918). The Life and Letters of Joel Chandler Harris. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 9780404000592.
- Kibble-White, Graham (2005). Ultimate Book of British Comics. London: Alison & Busby. ISBN 978-0-7490-8211-6.
External links
- Texas Jack Association
- Buffalo Bill Center of the West
- Texas State Historical Association
- PBS History Detectives: Wild West Scrapbook believed to have belonged to Morlacchi – Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4
- Frank Reade, Jr., with his new steam horse in search of an ancient mine Archived 2021-07-26 at the Wayback Machine – dime novel featuring Texas Jack