The Matrix (franchise)
The Matrix | |
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Warner Bros. Entertainment | |
Years | 1999–present |
Print publications | |
Comics |
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Magazine(s) | The Matrix Online: The Official Magazine (2005) |
Films and television | |
Film(s) |
|
Direct-to-video |
|
Games | |
Video game(s) |
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Audio | |
Soundtrack(s) | List of albums |
The Matrix is an American cyberpunk[1] media franchise consisting of four feature films, beginning with The Matrix (1999) and continuing with three sequels, The Matrix Reloaded, The Matrix Revolutions (both 2003), and The Matrix Resurrections (2021). The first three films were written and directed by the Wachowskis and produced by Joel Silver. The screenplay for the fourth film was written by Lana Wachowski, David Mitchell and Aleksandar Hemon, was directed by Lana Wachowski, and was produced by Grant Hill, James McTeigue, and Lana Wachowski.[2][3] The franchise is owned by Warner Bros., which distributed the films along with Village Roadshow Pictures. The latter, along with Silver Pictures, are the two production companies that worked on the first three films.
The series features a
The characters and setting of the films are further explored in other media set in the same fictional universe, including animation, comics, and video games. The comic "Bits and Pieces of Information" and the Animatrix short film The Second Renaissance act as prequels to the films, explaining how the franchise's setting came to be. The video game Enter the Matrix connects the story of the Animatrix short "Final Flight of the Osiris" with the events of Reloaded, while the online video game The Matrix Online was a direct sequel to Revolutions. These were typically written, commissioned, or approved by the Wachowskis.
The first film was an important critical and commercial success, winning four
Setting
The series depicts a future in which Earth is dominated by a race of
The
The virtual world is first introduced in The Matrix. The short comic "Bits and Pieces of Information" and the
Films
Film | U.S. release date | Directed by | Written by | Produced by |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Matrix | March 31, 1999 | The Wachowskis | Joel Silver | |
The Matrix Reloaded | May 15, 2003 | |||
The Matrix Revolutions | November 5, 2003 | |||
The Matrix Resurrections | December 22, 2021 | Lana Wachowski
|
Lana Wachowski, David Mitchell & Aleksandar Hemon | Grant Hill, Lana Wachowski & James McTeigue |
Future
During production of the original trilogy, the Wachowskis told their close collaborators that, "at that time they had no intention of making another Matrix film after The Matrix Revolutions".[5][6][7][8] In February 2015, in promotion interviews for Jupiter Ascending, Lilly Wachowski called a return to The Matrix "a particularly repelling idea in these times", noting studios' tendencies to "greenlight" sequels, reboots, and adaptations, in preference to original material.[9] Meanwhile, Lana Wachowski, in addressing rumors about a potential reboot, stated that "...they had not heard anything, but she believed that the studio might be looking to replace them".[10] At various times, Keanu Reeves and Hugo Weaving each confirmed their interest and willingness to reprise their roles in potential future installments of the Matrix films, with the stipulation that the Wachowskis were involved in the creative and production process.[11][12] These comments were made prior to the announcement in August 2019 that Lana Wachowski would direct a fourth Matrix film ultimately titled The Matrix Resurrections.[13]
Following the release of Resurrections, producer James McTeigue said that there were no plans for further Matrix films, though he believed that the film's open ending meant that could change in the future.[14][15] In April 2024, it was announced that Warner Bros. was developing a new installment in the franchise with Drew Goddard attached to write and direct following a successful pitch with studio executives. It will mark the first installment to not be directed by either Wachowski sister although Lana will serve as an executive producer.[16]
Other projects
In March 2017, The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Warner Bros. was in the early stages of developing a re-launch of the franchise. Consideration was given to producing a Matrix television series, but was dismissed as the studio opted to pursue negotiations with Zak Penn in writing a treatment for a new film, with Michael B. Jordan eyed for the lead role. According to the article, the Wachowskis were not involved at that point.[17] In response to the report, Penn refuted all statements regarding a reboot, remake, or continuation, remarking that he was working on stories set in the pre-established continuity.[18]
Potential plotlines being considered by Warner Bros. Pictures included a prequel film about a young Morpheus, or an alternate storyline with a focus on one of his descendants.[17][19][20] By April 2018, Penn described the script as "being at a nascent stage".[21][22] Later, in September 2019, Jordan addressed the rumors of his involvement by saying he was "flattered", but without making a definitive statement.[23] In October 2019, Penn confirmed the script he wrote is set within an earlier time period than the first three films in the franchise.[24]
Cast and crew
Cast
This section includes characters who will appear or have appeared in two or more installments in the series.
- An empty, dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's official presence has not yet been confirmed.
- A indicates an appearance through archival footage or audio.
- E indicates an appearance not included in the theatrical cut.
- M indicates an appearance in onscreen movie footage.
- O indicates an older version of the character.
- U indicates an uncredited appearance.
- V indicates a voice-only role.
- Y indicates a younger version of the character.
Character | Films | Video games | Animated film | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Matrix | The Matrix Reloaded | The Matrix Revolutions | The Matrix Resurrections | Enter the Matrix | The Matrix Online | The Matrix: Path of Neo |
The Matrix Awakens | The Animatrix | ||
1999 | 2003 | 2003 | 2021 | 2003 | 2005 | 2005 | 2021 | 2003 | ||
Zion / Io | ||||||||||
Neo Thomas A. Anderson |
Keanu Reeves | Keanu Reeves | Keanu Reeves | Appeared | Andrew Bowen | Keanu Reeves | ||||
Steven RoyO | ||||||||||
James McTeigueO | ||||||||||
Trinity Tiffany |
Carrie-Anne Moss | Carrie-Anne Moss | Carrie-Anne Moss | Jennifer Hale | Carrie-Anne Moss | |||||
Sarah McTeigueO | ||||||||||
Morpheus | Laurence Fishburne | Yahya Abdul-Mateen II | Laurence Fishburne | Laurence FishburneAM | ||||||
Laurence FishburneAM | ||||||||||
Niobe | Jada Pinkett Smith | Gina Torres | Kimberly Brooks | |||||||
Link | Harold Perrineau | Harold Perrineau | Keith Ferguson | |||||||
Cdr. Lock | Harry Lennix | Harry Lennix | ||||||||
The Kid Michael Karl Popper |
Clayton Watson | Clayton Watson | Clayton Watson | |||||||
Cllr. Hamann | Anthony Zerbe | Anthony Zerbe | ||||||||
Cpt. Roland | David Roberts | David Roberts | ||||||||
Bane | Ian Bliss | Gideon Emery | ||||||||
Zee | Nona Gaye | |||||||||
Cpt. Mifune | Nathaniel Lees | |||||||||
Cis | Appeared | Hedy Burress | Hedy Burress | |||||||
Thadeus | Kevin Michael Richardson | Kevin Michael Richardson | ||||||||
Duo | Phil LaMarr | Phil LaMarr | ||||||||
Agents | ||||||||||
Agent Smith | Hugo Weaving | Hugo Weaving | Jonathan Groff[25] | Hugo Weaving | Appeared | Christopher Corey Smith | Matt McKenzie | |||
Ian Bliss | Yahya Abdul-Mateen II | |||||||||
Hugo WeavingAM | Gideon Emery | |||||||||
Agent Jones | Robert Taylor | Stephen Dunlevy | James M. Connor | Kevin Michael Richardson | ||||||
Agent Brown | Paul Goddard | Michael Gough | Matt McKenzie | |||||||
Agent Johnson | Daniel Bernhardt | Daniel BernhardtE | Daniel Bernhardt | Fred Tatasciore | ||||||
Agent Jackson | David A. Kilde | David A. Kilde | Stephen Stanton | |||||||
Agent Thompson | Matt McColm | Matt McColm | Robin Atkin Downes | |||||||
Agent White | Amadei Weiland | Appeared | ||||||||
Programs | ||||||||||
The Oracle | Gloria Foster | Mary Alice | Gloria FosterAM | Mary Alice | ||||||
Woman in Red | Fiona Johnson | Dani Swan | ||||||||
Seraph | Collin Chou | Collin Chou | Michael Gough | |||||||
The Merovingian | Lambert Wilson | Robin Atkin Downes | ||||||||
Persephone | Monica Bellucci | Monica Bellucci | ||||||||
Keymaker | Randall Duk Kim | Randall Duk Kim | Peter Renaday | |||||||
The Architect | Helmut Bakaitis | |||||||||
Rama Kandra | Bernard White | |||||||||
Sati | Tanveer K. Atwal | Priyanka Chopra Jonas
|
Tanveer K. Atwal | |||||||
Tanveer K. AtwalAM | ||||||||||
Trainman | Bruce Spence | Bruce Spence | ||||||||
Io | Appeared | Felicia Simone | ||||||||
The Analyst | Neil Patrick Harris |
Crew
The following is a list of crew members who have participated in the making of the Matrix film series.
Title | Executive producers | Director(s) of photography | Editor | Composer(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Matrix | Erwin Stoff, Bruce Berman, Andrew Mason, The Wachowskis & Barrie M. Osborne | Bill Pope | Zach Staenberg | Don Davis |
The Matrix Reloaded | Grant Hill, Bruce Berman, Andrew Mason & The Wachowskis | |||
The Matrix Revolutions | ||||
The Matrix Resurrections | Jesse Ehrman, Bruce Berman, Terry Needham, Garrett Grant, Michael Salven & Karin Wachowski | John Toll & Daniele Massaccesi | Joseph Jett Sally | Tom Tykwer & Johnny Klimek |
Production
The Matrix series includes four feature films. The first three were written and directed by the Wachowskis and produced by Joel Silver, starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss and Hugo Weaving. The series was filmed in Australia and began with 1999's The Matrix, which depicts the recruitment of hacker Neo into humanity's rebellion against sentient machines.
The film's mainstream success had backed up the initial idea of making a trilogy.[26] The sequels, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, were filmed simultaneously during one shoot (under the project codename "The Burly Man"),[27] and released in two parts in 2003. They tell the story of the impending attack on the human enclave of Zion by a vast machine army. Neo also learns more about the history of the Matrix and his role as The One. The sequels also incorporate more ambitious action scenes and visual effects.
Reception
Box office performance
The Matrix was highly successful, earning over $460 million worldwide on a modest budget of $63 million. The sequels had a much larger budget of $150 million each; Reloaded was also a big commercial success, earning almost $742 million worldwide and becoming the highest-grossing
Film | U.S. release date | Box office gross (Domestic) | Box office gross (International) | Box office gross (Worldwide) | Budget | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Matrix | March 31, 1999 | $172,076,928 | $295,145,800 | $467,222,728 | $63 million | [34] |
The Matrix Reloaded | May 15, 2003 | $281,576,461 | $460,271,476 | $741,847,937 | $150 million | [35] |
The Matrix Revolutions | November 5, 2003 | $139,313,948 | $288,030,377 | $427,344,325 | $150 million | [36] |
The Matrix Resurrections | December 22, 2021 | $37,686,805 | $119,610,720 | $157,297,525 | $190 million | [37][38] |
Total | $630,654,142 | $1,163,058,373 | $1,793,712,515 | $553 million |
Critical and public response
The Matrix and The Matrix Reloaded received positive reviews,[39][40] the critical response to The Matrix Revolutions was more negative.[41] One complaint was that Revolutions did not give answers to the questions raised in Reloaded.[42]
Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | CinemaScore[43] |
---|---|---|---|
The Matrix | 83% (207 reviews)[39] | 73 (35 reviews)[44] | A− |
The Matrix Reloaded | 74% (246 reviews)[40] | 62 (40 reviews)[45] | B+ |
The Animatrix | 89% (18 reviews)[46] | — | — |
The Matrix Revolutions | 34% (219 reviews)[41] | 47 (41 reviews)[47] | B |
The Matrix Resurrections | 63% (350 reviews)[48] | 63 (57 reviews)[49] | B− |
Accolades
Legal claims
In April 2003, Sophia Stewart filed a legal
In 2013, Thomas Althouse filed suit in California federal court alleging that ideas for the sequels The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions came from a screenplay he wrote called The Immortals. In a
Influences and interpretations
What we were trying to achieve with the story overall was a shift, the same kind of shift that happens for Neo, that Neo goes from being in this sort of cocooned and programmed world, to having to participate in the construction of meaning to his life. And we were like, "Well, can the audience go through the three movies and experience something similar to what the main character experiences?"
So the first movie is sort of typical in its approach. The second movie is deconstructionist, and it assaults all of the things that you thought to be true in the first movie, and so people get very upset, and they're like "Stop attacking me!" in the same way that people get upset with deconstructionist philosophy. I mean, Derrida and Foucault, these people upset us. And then the third movie is the most ambiguous, because it asks you to actually participate in the construction of meaning.
—
The Matrix films make numerous references to films and literature, and to historical myths and philosophy, including
Japanese director Mamoru Oshii's 1995 film Ghost in the Shell was a strong influence.[66] Producer Joel Silver has stated that the Wachowskis first described their intentions for The Matrix by showing him that anime and saying, "We wanna do that for real."[67][68] Mitsuhisa Ishikawa of Production I.G, which produced Ghost in the Shell, noted that the anime's high-quality visuals were a strong source of inspiration for the Wachowskis. He also commented, "... cyberpunk films are very difficult to describe to a third person. I'd imagine that The Matrix is the kind of film that was very difficult to draw up a written proposal for to take to film studios." He stated that since Ghost in the Shell had gained recognition in America, the Wachowskis used it as a "promotional tool".[69] Similarities to the 1985 anime film Megazone 23 have also been noticed, but the Wachowskis stated they have never seen it.[70]
Reviewers have commented on similarities between The Matrix and other late-1990s films such as
The first Matrix film features numerous references to the "
Following the Wachowskis'
Home media
In 2004,
The Ultimate Matrix Collection was later also released on HD DVD (5 discs) and Blu-ray (6 discs) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The HD DVD release added a picture-in-picture video commentary to the three films and the extras that were missing from the previous DVD compilation.[84] The Blu-ray release presented The Animatrix in high definition for the first time.[85] A pared-down set dubbed The Complete Matrix Trilogy was also released on HD DVD and Blu-ray (3 discs each), which dropped The Animatrix and some of the special features.[86][87]
The
Other media and merchandising
By August 2000, The Matrix DVD had sold over three million copies in United States, becoming the best-selling of all time.[92] By November 2003, The Matrix franchise had generated $677 million from VHS and DVD sales, $162 million from the video game Enter the Matrix (2003), $37 million from The Matrix Reloaded: The Album soundtrack sales, and $3.5 million from licensed merchandise sales.[93] As of 2006, the franchise has grossed $3 billion from all sources worldwide.[94][95]
Animation
In acknowledgment of the strong influence of Japanese Anime on the Matrix series, The Animatrix was produced in 2003 to coincide with the release of The Matrix Reloaded. This is a collection of nine animated short films intended to further flesh out the concepts, history, characters, and setting of the series. The objective of The Animatrix project was to give other writers and directors the opportunity to lend their voices and interpretation to the Matrix universe; the Wachowskis conceived of and oversaw the process, and they wrote four of the segments themselves, although they were given to other directors to execute. Many of the segments were produced by notable figures from the world of Japanese animation. Four of the films were originally released on the series' official website, one was shown in cinemas with Dreamcatcher, one was shown on MTV, MTV2, MTV3, MTV4, and Syfi, and the others first appeared with the DVD release of all nine shorts shortly after the release of The Matrix Reloaded.
Video games
On May 15, 2003, the game Enter the Matrix was released in North America concurrently with The Matrix Reloaded. The first of three video games related to the films, it told a story running parallel to The Matrix Reloaded and featured scenes that were shot during the filming of The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions.[96]
Two more The Matrix video games were released in 2005. The MMORPG The Matrix Online continued the story beyond The Matrix Revolutions,[97] while The Matrix: Path of Neo allowed players to control Neo in scenes from the film trilogy.[98] The Matrix Online was shut down in 2009.[99]
The Matrix official website also provided several original Adobe Flash-based browser games.[100][101]
An interactive technology demonstration, titled The Matrix Awakens, was released on December 9, 2021.[102]
Comic books
The Matrix Comics is a set of
Screensaver
The Matrix official website provided a free screensaver for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, which simulates the falling "Matrix digital rain" of the films.[111][112] The screensaver was reported to have a password security problem.[113] The "Matrix digital rain" also inspired the creation of many unofficial screensavers.[114]
Books
Official
- The Art of the Matrix by various (ISBN 978-1557044051
- The Matrix Shooting Script by the Wachowskis (with introduction by ISBN 978-1557044907
- The Matrix Comics, Vol. 1 by various (Burlyman Entertainment, 2003) ISBN 1-932700-00-5
- The Matrix Comics, Vol. 2 by various (Burlyman Entertainment, 2004) ISBN 1-932700-09-9
- Enter the Matrix: Official Strategy Guide by Doug Walsh (ISBN 978-0744002713
- The Matrix Online: Prima Official Game Guide (ISBN 978-0761549437
- The Matrix: Path of Neo: Official Strategy Guide (BradyGames, 2005) ISBN 978-0744006582
- The Matrix Comics: 20th Anniversary Edition by various (Burlyman Entertainment, 2019) ISBN 978-1932700572
Unofficial
- Jacking In to the Matrix Franchise: Cultural Reception and Interpretation by ISBN 0-8264-1587-3
- Taking the Red Pill: Science, Philosophy and Religion in "The Matrix" by Glenn Yeffeth (Summersdale, 2003) ISBN 1-84024-377-5
- Matrix Warrior: Being the One by Jake Horsley (Gollancz, 2003) ISBN 0-575-07527-9
- The "Matrix" and Philosophy: Welcome to the Desert of the Real by William Irwin (Open Court, 2002) ISBN 0-8126-9502-X
- More Matrix and Philosophy by William Irwin (Open Court, 2005) ISBN 0-8126-9572-0
- Like a Splinter in Your Mind: The Philosophy Behind the "Matrix" Trilogy by Matt Lawrence (Blackwell, 2004) ISBN 1-4051-2524-1
- The Matrix (ISBN 1-84457-045-2
- Matrix Revelations: A Thinking Fan's Guide to the Matrix Trilogy by Steve Couch (Damaris, 2003) ISBN 1-904753-01-9
- Beyond the Matrix: Revolutions and Revelations by Stephen Faller (Chalice Press, 2004) ISBN 0-8272-0235-0
- The "Matrix" Trilogy: Cyberpunk Reloaded by Stacy Gillis (Wallflower Press, 2005) ISBN 1-904764-32-0
- Exegesis of the Matrix by Peter B. Lloyd (Whole-Being Books, 2003) ISBN 1-902987-09-8
- The Gospel Reloaded by Chris Seay and Greg Garrett (Pinon Press, 2003) ISBN 1-57683-478-6
- The "Matrix": What Does the Bible Say About... by D. Archer (Scripture Union, 2001) ISBN 1-85999-579-9
- [Journey to the Source: Decoding Matrix Trilogy] by Pradheep Challiyil (Sakthi Books 2004) ISBN 0-9752586-0-5
- Exploring the Matrix: Visions of the Cyber Present by Karen Haber (St. Martin's Press, 2003) ISBN 0-312-31358-6
- Philosophers Explore The Matrix by Christopher Gray (Oxford University Press, 2005) ISBN 0-19-518107-7
- The Matrix Cultural Revolution by Michel Marriott (Thunder's Mouth Press, 2003) ISBN 1-56025-574-9
- The Matrix Reflections: Choosing between reality and illusion by Eddie Zacapa (Authorhouse, 2005) ISBN 1-4208-0782-X
- The One by A.J. Yager & Dean Vescera (Lifeforce Publishing, 2003) ISBN 0-9709796-1-4
- Matrix og ulydighedens evangelium (Danish for: "Matrix and the Evangelium of disobedients") by Rune Engelbreth Larsen (Bindslev, 2004) ISBN 87-91299-12-8
- The Third Eye: Where It All Begins by Sophia Stewart (All Eyes on Me, 2006) ISBN 0-9785396-4-8
- The Matrix 4 – The Evolution of Consciousness: Cracking the Genetic Code by Sophia Stewart (All Eyes on Me, 2010) ISBN 0-9785396-7-2
- The Matrix and the Alice Books by Voicu Mihnea Simandan (Lulu Books, 2010) ISBN 978-0557258079
See also
- Religion and the Internet
- The Meatrix, 2003 parody
Notes
- ^ The films' credits listed "The Wachowski Brothers" as the writers and directors.
References
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Further reading
- Currin, Joseph M.; Lee, Fallyn M.; Brown, Colton; Hammer, Tonya R. (July 3, 2017). "Taking the Red Pill: Using The Matrix to Explore Transgender Identity Development". Journal of Creativity in Mental Health. 12 (3): 402–409. S2CID 151921189.
- Mischoulon, David; Beresin, Eugene V. (2004). ""The Matrix": An allegory of the psychoanalytic journey". Academic Psychiatry: The Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry. 28 (1): 71–77. S2CID 40381307.
External links
- Matrix Series at Curlie
- Integral Life.
- deVos, Corey W. (February 12, 2007). "The Many Meanings of The Matrix--Transcript". Ken Wilber. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2017.