Theodorus and Theophanes

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Theodorus's icon.

Theodorus (

Iconoclastic controversy. They were brothers and natives of Jerusalem
.

Joint history

Theophanes

Michael the Synkellos (later syncellus of the Patriarch of Jerusalem). In 813 Michael and his two disciples left Jerusalem originally on a journey to Rome. They had been sent by the Patriarch of Jerusalem to support the Pope in his stand against the Franks over the question of the filioque, which some Benedictines
from the West had recently introduced to Jerusalem.

In the course of their journey, in about 812, they landed in

Leo V (the Armenian)
in 815. During the whole of the second iconoclast period—nearly thirty years—they suffered at various times exile, imprisonment and torture.

Under the succeeding emperor,

iambic
verses. The ordeal took two days.

They were thrown into prison in the town of

Monastery of Chora
, where he died, just two months after Theophanes, in January 846.

The brothers are venerated as saints. In the

Roman Church
the feasts of both are celebrated on 27 December (Cf. Nilles, "Kalendarium manuale utriusque Ecclesiæ", I, 300, 368 sq.).

Theophanes the Branded

Hymnographer

Theophanes the Branded also called Theophanes Graptus or Theophanes of Nicaea (775 - 845) was a Byzantine monk and hymnographer. Next to

Methodius
in 842 and administered it until his death in 845.

Works

Theophanes wrote a large number of religious poems, among them one on his dead brother. (cf. Christ and Paranikas, "Anthologia græca carminum christianorum", Leipzig, 1781).

As a hymnographer, Theophanes belongs to the tradition of the Lavra of Mar Sabbas, which includes many of the greatest writers of canons, including St Andrew of Crete, St Kosmas of Maïouma and St John of Damascus.

His contribution to the Parakletike consists of sets of canons in all

Angels, and the Departed. He is sometimes said also to have written a set for the Apostles, but those in Tones 7 and 8 are ascribed to Joseph in the Paraklitiki, that in Tone 7 being ‘signed’ acrostically
in the Ninth Ode. Not all of these are ‘signed’ in the acrostic, but that for the Angels in Tone 1 has as its acrostic the following, ‘The first hymn of Theophanes for the Angels’, while that for the departed in Tone 5 has, ‘The fifth canon of Theophanes for the dead’. Unfortunately none of these texts has been critically edited and the printed service books often differ widely in their ascriptions.

(Pseudo)-Theodore the Branded

Theodore the Branded also called Theodore Graptus was cited frequently in the 14th century in the polemical works of the Hesychast Controversy, beginning with Nikephoros Gregoras. However, the anti-iconoclast work attributed to Theodore was actually written by Nikephoros of Constantinople.[2] Thus Theodore Graptus's memory, which had nearly died out by the 14th century, received a rehabilitation of sorts through the attribution to him of Nikephoros's work.

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-85389-369-1
    .
  2. ^ Lukhovitskij, Lev (2013). "Historical Memory of Byzantine Iconoclasm in the 14th c.: the Case of Nikephoros Gregoras and Philotheos Kokkinos". In Mariev, Sergei (ed.). Aesthetics and Theury in Byzantium. De Gruyter. pp. 205–26.

External links

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sts. Theodorus and Theophanes". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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