Three-lined salamander
| Three-lined salamander | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Genus: | Eurycea |
| Species: | E. guttolineata
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| Binomial name | |
| Eurycea guttolineata (Holbrook, 1838)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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The three-lined salamander (Eurycea guttolineata) is a species of
Description
Eurycea guttolineata is a mid-sized, slender stream salamander which ranges from about 10-15.9 cm in its adult form. It is tan to light yellow with three black longitudinal stripes running from the eyes down the length of the body to the tail. They possess 13-14 costal grooves that aid in cutaneous respiration.[5] The tail is very long at approximately two-thirds its total body length. Additionally, the ventrum (belly) of the three-lined salamander is boldly marked with black and white marbling.[6]
Reproduction
Breeding takes place in slow moving bogs and streams.[7] Hatchlings are generally around 10-13 mm and undergo metamorphosis when they are 22-27 mm snout-to-vent length. Metamorphosis starts with the reduction of labial folds, formation of eyelids, and resorption of the tail-fin. Metamorphosis is then complete with loss of gills and gill slits, along with pigment changes.[8] This is typically a 4-6 month larval stage. The effects that elevation has on larval stages have been studied extensively showing that at lower elevations larvae metamorphosized sooner than those at higher elevations which had delayed metamorphosis mostly due to overwintering.[6] Due to this species being a semi-aquatic salamander in the Plethodontidae family, the females will enter cooler waters in late autumn and winter to drop eggs.[9] Females lay clutch sizes averaging 12-14 eggs.[7]
Distribution
The species is distributed throughout much of the southeastern United States.
Habitat
Its natural
Feeding Behavior
Three-lined Salamanders feed on a variety of invertebrates including snails, snail eggs, arachnids, millipedes, annelids, nematodes, and many insects.[11] Larvae are thought to feed on small invertebrates, but there have not been any detailed studies on their stomach content or foraging behavior.[12] A study researching the effects of temperature showed that elastically powered tongue-projection performance is maintained to a higher degree than muscle-powered tongue retraction performance across a wide temperature range.[4] Another study found that three-lined salamanders have slower burst speed in cold temperatures.[13]
References
- ^ . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Eurycea guttolineata (Holbrook, 1838)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- JSTOR 3893330.
- ^ from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ Ireland, Patrick H. (1979). "Eurycea longicauda". Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.
- ^ JSTOR 1442330.
- ^ ISBN 1560988282.
- JSTOR 1442330.
- ISSN 0306-4565.
- ^ "Eurycea guttolineata". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ Petranka, J.W., 1998, Salamanders of the United States and Canada, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. pp. 249-251
- ^ Virginia Herpetological Society, https://www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com/amphibians/salamanders/three-lined-salamander/three-lined_salamander.php.
- ProQuest 212040121.