Toll (fee)
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| An aspect of fiscal policy |
A toll is a fee charged for the use of a road or waterway.
History
Tolls usually had to be paid at strategic locations such as
Ulzburg,[1] as well as the Gabler Road with the Karlsfried Castle as its toll station. Another form of road tax was Liniengeld, which had to be paid when entering the city of Vienna
from the beginning of the 18th century.
A special form of road toll was the Pflasterzoll, which had to be paid to fund the initial cobbling of a road and its subsequent upkeep.
Electronic collection
Electronic toll collection is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or toll charged to vehicles using
road congestion pricing, including for high-occupancy lanes
, toll lanes that bypass congestion, and city-wide congestion charges. The payment system usually requires users to sign up in advance and load money into a declining-balance account, which is debited each time they pass a toll point.
References
- ^ Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt, Ortwin Pelc (ed.): Das neue Schleswig-Holstein Lexikon. Wachholtz, Neumünster, 2006, Lemma Zoll.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-1-84064-191-2. (See Chapter 9: Optimizing Traffic Congestion)
- Santos, Georgina, ed. (2004). Road Pricing, Volume 9: Theory and Evidence (Research in Transportation Economics). JAI Press. ISBN 978-0762309689.
- Schade, Jens; Schlag, Bernhard, eds. (2003). Acceptability of Transport Pricing Strategies. ISBN 978-0080441993.
- Small, Kenneth A.; Verhoef, Erik T. (2007). The Economics of Urban Transportation. ISBN 978-0-415-28515-5. (See Chapter 4: Pricing)
- Smeed, R.J. (1964). Road pricing: the economic and technical possibilities. HMSO.
- Verhoef, Erik T.; Bliemer, Michiel; Steg, Linda; Van Wee, Bert, eds. (2008). Pricing in Road Transport: A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK. ISBN 978-1845428600.
- Walters, A. A. (1968). The Economics of Road User Charges. World Bank Staff Occasional Papers Number Five, Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-0-8018-0653-7.
See also
- Shadow toll, payments made by government to the private sector operator of a road based on the number of vehicles using the road
- Toll castle, a castle guarding a customs post, in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era
- Toll point, a place on a canal where a fee was collected
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