Torulaspora delbrueckii

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Torulaspora delbrueckii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Saccharomycetes
Order: Saccharomycetales
Family: Saccharomycetaceae
Genus: Torulaspora
Species:
T. delbrueckii
Binomial name
Torulaspora delbrueckii
(Lindner) Lindner

Torulaspora delbrueckii is a ubiquitous yeast species with both wild and anthropic habitats. The type strain of T. delbrueckii is CBS 1146T, equivalent to CLIB 230 or ATCC 10662, etc.. The type strain of T. delbrueckii CBS 1146 T was sequenced in 2009,[1] and is composed of 8 chromosomes in addition to a mitochondrial genome.

Torulaspora delbrueckii was formerly known as Saccharomyces delbrueckii or Saccharomyces rosei or Saccharomyces roseus, and the

anamorph is called Candida colliculosa (for a complete list of synonyms, see CBS's website
).

Torulaspora delbrueckii is the most studied species of the genus Torulaspora that comprises 8 species to date, including T. franciscae, T. pretoriensis, T. microellipsoides, T. globosa, T. indica,[2] T. maleeae,[3] and T. quercuum.[4] The taxonomy of the genus Torulaspora is evolving rapidly, and the availability of molecular tools to discriminate Torulaspora species [5] will help correcting errors in species assignments.

Habitats

Torulaspora delbrueckii is isolated from several human

fermented beverage production including mescal,[15] colonche,[16] tequila,[17] cider,[18] strawberry tree fruits juice,[19] sugarcane juice [20][21] or kefir;[22] dairy products’ fermentations like traditional cheeses [23] and fermented milk.[24]
Torulaspora delbrueckii can be an opportunistic spoilage yeast for dairy products or soft drinks (fruit juices, etc.).[25][26][27] Torulaspora delbrueckii colonizes several natural environments, ranging from soils,[28] to plants,[29] fruits [30] and insects.[31][32] T.delbrueckii is occasionally found as a clinical isolate, although not considered to be a human pathogen,[33] a state described as opportunistic pathogen.

Winemaking

Torulaspora delbrueckii has been associated with winemaking for decades [34][35][36] and isolated either from grape, must or wine. Torulaspora delbrueckii is now proposed as starter culture (to be associated with S. cerevisiae in mixed cultures) for certain applications, particularly to reduce volatile acidity in high-sugar fermentations like in Sauternes wines.[37] Recent findings show that T. delbrueckii species has been domesticated for winemaking and other human uses about 1900 and 4000 years ago respectively.[38]

Life-cycle

The

homothallic life.[39]
To date, the life-cycle of the species is not formally elucidated.

References

  1. PMID 19436716. Open access icon
  2. S2CID 5546770
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  3. PMID 17986255
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  4. PMID 19751217
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  5. PMID 24718638
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  6. S2CID 1688404.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  7. PMID 15500973.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  8. PMID 8953712
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  11. PMID 21926224.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  12. doi:10.1006/fmic.1997.0133
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  13. ^ Etchells J. L.; Costilow R. N.; Bell T.A. (1952). "Identification of Yeasts from Commercial Cucumber Fermentations in Northern Brining Areas". Farlowia. 4: 249–264.
  14. ^ Etchells J. L.; Bell T.A. (1950). "Classification of yeasts from fermentation of commercially brined cucumbers". Farlowia. 4: 112.
  15. S2CID 7261534.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  16. ^ Ulloa M.; Herrera T. (1978). "Torulopsis taboadae, una nueva especie de levadura aislada del colonche de Zacatecas, México". Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micología. 12: 5–12.
  17. S2CID 6577782
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  18. PMID 16380183.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  19. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2012.01.009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  20. S2CID 1519750.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  21. PMID 18723239.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  22. ^ Loretan T.; Mostert J. F.; Viljoen B. C. (2003). "Microbial flora associated with South African household kefir". South African Journal of Science. 99: 92–94.
  23. PMID 9706786
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  24. doi:10.1016/S0958-6946(00)00070-4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  25. S2CID 40222147.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  26. doi:10.1006/fmic.1997.0162
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  27. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.08.004.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  28. S2CID 28529226
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  29. S2CID 5150320
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  30. doi:10.2323/jgam.31.411.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  31. PMID 18333508.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  32. PMID 16483756.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  33. PMID 12667244.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  34. S2CID 24837604
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  36. S2CID 84979278.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  37. PMID 18262301.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  38. PMID 24718638.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  39. PMID 24718638.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
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