Treaty of Seville
Context |
|
---|---|
Signed | 9 November 1729 |
Location | Seville |
Negotiators | |
Signatories |
|
Parties |
|
Full text | |
Treaty of Seville at Wikisource |
The Treaty of Seville was signed on 9 November 1729 between Britain, France, and Spain, formally ending the 1727–1729 Anglo-Spanish War; the Dutch Republic joined the Treaty on 29 November.
However, the Treaty failed to resolve underlying tensions that led first to the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1739, then the wider War of the Austrian Succession in 1740.
History
The Treaty of Seville was signed on 9 November 1729 between Britain, France, and Spain, formally ending the 1727–1729 Anglo-Spanish War; the Dutch Republic joined the Treaty on 29 November.
However, the Treaty failed to resolve underlying tensions that led first to the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1739, then the wider War of the Austrian Succession in 1740.
Background
The 1713
When Elisabeth Farnese became Philip's second wife in 1714, he already had two sons who were next in line for the Spanish throne. She wanted to create an Italian inheritance for her own children, while Philip viewed regaining these territories as important for his prestige.[2] Spain re-occupied Sardinia unopposed in 1717 but a landing on Sicily in 1718 led to the War of the Quadruple Alliance. The Royal Navy's victory at Cape Passaro in August isolated the Spanish invasion force and ultimately forced them to surrender to Austrian troops in 1719.[3]
In the 1720
Military action was primarily limited to an attack on
Details
The Treaty of Seville is best understood in the context of a number of European diplomatic issues over the period, one being Elisabeth Farnese's desire for an Italian kingdom for her son. Another was the 1716 Anglo-French Alliance; although both sides grew increasingly suspicious of each other, the succession of George I in 1714 and his concern for Hanover made this more important to Britain than previously. Emperor Charles VI wanted the other Powers to support the 1713 Pragmatic Sanction and thus ensure the succession of his daughter Maria Theresa. Commercial issues included the Austrian-owned Ostend Company, which competed for the East Indies trade with British, French and Dutch merchants, as well as Spanish concerns over British incursions in New Spain.[8]
The result was an almost continuous series of conferences and agreements, including the 1720 to 1724 Congress of Cambrai and the 1721 Treaty of Madrid.
Trading privileges for British and French merchants in
Aftermath
The Treaty failed to resolve underlying issues, such as the loss of Mahón and Gibraltar, while the Commission made little progress. The Anglo-French Alliance lapsed in 1731 and Britain agreed the 1731 Treaty of Vienna with Austria, although they co-operated with France to ensure Charles inherited Parma in 1732. As a result of the 1733 to 1735 War of the Polish Succession, he exchanged it for the Kingdom of Naples and in 1759 became king of Spain.[12]
Anglo-Spanish tensions increased with the founding of the British colony of
References
- ^ Tucker 2012, p. 122.
- ^ Solano 2011, pp. 237–238.
- ^ Tucker 2009, p. 725.
- ^ a b Lindsay 1957, p. 202.
- ^ Simms 2008, p. 210.
- ^ Browning 1975, pp. 54–56.
- ^ Browning 1975, pp. 55–56.
- ^ Lindsay 1957, p. 200.
- ^ Hargreaves-Mawdsley 1973, p. 78.
- ^ Savelle 1974, p. 124.
- ^ Savelle 1974, p. 125.
- ^ King Charles III of Spain: An Enlightened Despot
- ^ Ibañez 2008, p. 18.
- ^ McKay 1983, pp. 138–140.
Sources
- Browning, Reed (1975). The Duke of Newcastle. Yale University. ISBN 9780300017465.
- Hargreaves-Mawdsley, W.N (1973). Spain Under the Bourbons, 1700–1833. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333106846.
- Ibañez, Ignacio Rivas (2008). Mobilizing Resources for War: The Intelligence Systems during the War of Jenkins' Ear. PHD UCL.
- Lindsay, JO (1957). International Relations in The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713–1763. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521045452.
- McKay, Derek (1983). The Rise of the Great Powers 1648–1815 (First ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0582485549.
- Savelle, Max (1974). Empires to Nations: Expansion in America, 1713–1824 (Europe and the World in Age of Expansion). University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0816607815.
- Simms, Brendan (2008). Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0140289848.
- Tucker, Spencer C, ed. (2012). Almanac of American Military History; Volume I. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1598845303.
- Solano, Ana Crespa (2011). "A Change of Ideology in Imperial Spain?". In Rommelse, Gijs; Onnekink, David (eds.). Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750). Routledge. ISBN 978-1409419136.
- Tucker, Spencer, ed. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1851096671.