Tropical Depression Fourteen (1987)

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Tropical Depression Fourteen
Tropical Depression Fourteen as it approached Jamaica
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 31, 1987
DissipatedNovember 4, 1987
Tropical depression
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds35 mph (55 km/h)
Lowest pressure1004 mbar (hPa); 29.65 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities6 direct
Damage$1.8 million (1987 USD)
Areas affectedFlorida, Cuba, Jamaica
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1987 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Depression Fourteen was the last tropical depression of the 1987 Atlantic hurricane season and was the third most destructive storm of the year. The depression formed on October 31, 1987, in the Caribbean Sea, heading along a northward path into the southern Gulf of Mexico and into Florida until the system was absorbed on November 4. The path and damage from the depression followed a similar path to Hurricane Floyd earlier in October. The depression peaked in intensity with wind speeds of 35 mph (56 km/h) on November 1 with a minimal barometric pressure reading of 1,004 millibars (29.6 inHg). However, certain barometric readings have considered that the depression may have become a tropical storm.

The depression in the time affected several cities and parishes in

previous flood in June 1986.[2]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Prior to the formation of Tropical Depression Fourteen, the southern

Miami, Florida had upgraded the system to a tropical depression based on the imagery and surface data. At this time, the specialists at the Hurricane Center believed that this was its most developed stage of its lifetime.[3]

The depression began a movement to the northwest upon formation and on the night of October 31, the depression ran into a newly forming upper-level low near the

Yucatan Peninsula. The interaction with the upper-level low caused shearing in the depression, and broke apart the previous low-level circulation that was developing. By the morning of November 1, the depression was nothing more than a swirl of low-level clouds near the center of circulation. After this, the depression could no longer attain the circulation it had previously developed. During the period of November 2 and 3, the depression moved to the northeast, crossing over the islands of Jamaica, Cayman and Cuba and then entering the southern parts of the Gulf of Mexico.[3]

A disorganized Tropical Depression Fourteen near Cuba

On occasion, the convection of the system would flare up, and in the early morning hours of November 3, the

extratropical. After emerging from land in the Atlantic Ocean on November 5, the depression had become a low pressure area once again and was last spotted that day near the Carolina Capes.[4]

Preparations and impact

The flash flood warnings released in relation to Tropical Depression Fourteen were centered in the area of Jamaica, which would later receive rainfall in excess of 9 inches (230 mm) as the center of the depression moved across the island.

Dry Tortugas on November 1. The warning lasted only 24 hours, with the warning ending on November 2. The second issued tropical storm warning was from the area of Fort Myers Beach to Cedar Key on November 3. This also lasted only 24 hours and was discontinued on November 3.[6] Forecasters also suggested on November 2 that boaters should avoid the area in or around Key Largo.[7]

Rainfall totals in the United States

Wind gusts from Tropical Depression Fourteen exceeded 70 mph (110 km/h) near the

Havana. There were no gusts reported in Cuba however. In Jamaica, gusts to 58 mph (93 km/h) were reported in the city of Kingston and sustained winds of about 45 mph (72 km/h).[8] Ships also reported tropical storm force winds, reaching as high as 60 mph (97 km/h) with seas of 32.5 feet (9.9 m).[9]

As the depression was moving to the west of the island of Jamaica, it caused significant rainfall on several parts of the island. Over a three-day period from October 31 to November 2, the rainfall reached as high as 10.21 inches (259 mm) at the capital city of Kingston, with a daily high of 6.38 inches (162 mm) on November 1.[10] The significant rainfall caused major damage and issues on the island, with an estimated 1,000+ people being displaced from their homes and being placed into government shelters. Several residential communities were totally underwater from the rainfall, with local roads being washed away from landslides and floodwater, but these were restored quickly. The government of Jamaica also reported that three bridges were washed away from the heavy rain and resulting floods.[5][11] According to the government, the country received $587,500 (1987 USD) of damage to the highways and streets, $11,000 (1987 USD) to the utilities around the island, $836,000 (1987 USD) to the agriculture system and about $372,000 to the health system. The total damage reached $1.802 million (1987 USD, $3 million in 2009 USD) on the island of Jamaica alone.[1] There were also six recorded fatalities from the system.[3]

In Cuba, the reported rainfall amounts reached about 4.75 inches (121 mm) in the community of

Bahia Honda, along with 2.03 inches (52 mm) in the capital of Havana, and 2.75 inches (70 mm) in the community of Saua La Grande.[12] Although by the time the depression had reached the United States was undeveloped, the remains caused significant rainfall in several states in southeastern United States, with a peak of 10.23 inches (260 mm) at the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge in Florida. The city of Miami reported rainfall totals of 4.42 and 5.90 inches (112 and 150 mm) in the community of Tavarnier. Rainfalls above 1 inch (25 mm) were reported in eastern Georgia, southern South Carolina, eastern Mississippi and eastern Alabama. Rainfalls in other areas went unrecorded.[10] Outside the damage in Jamaica, the damage to Cuba and the United States were minimal, with no other reported casualties.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Global Register of Extreme Flood Events". ReliefWeb. 1987. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  2. ^ Case, Robert (November 17, 1987). "1987 Global Register of Extreme Flood Events in XLS Format". Dartmouth College. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
  3. ^
    Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
    . Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  4. ^ Case, Robert (November 17, 1987). "Tropical Discussion Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report Page 2". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  5. ^ a b "1987 Monthly Weather Review" (1987). National Hurricane Center. 1988. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Case, Robert (November 17, 1987). "Tropical Discussion Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report Page 3". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  7. The San Jose Mercury News. San Jose, California
    . November 2, 1987.
  8. ^ Case, Robert (November 17, 1987). "Tropical Discussion Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report Page 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  9. ^ Case, Robert (November 17, 1987). "Tropical Discussion Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report Page 6". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  10. ^
    Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
    . Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  11. ^ "Jamaica Floods Nov 1987 UNDRO Information Reports 1 - 2". ReliefWeb. 1987. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
  12. ^ Case, Robert (November 17, 1987). "Tropical Discussion Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report Page 4". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 25, 2007.

External links

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