Tropical Storm Arlene (2011)

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Tropical Storm Arlene
Tropical Storm Arlene shortly after making landfall in Mexico on June 30
Meteorological history
FormedJune 28, 2011
DissipatedJuly 1, 2011
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds65 mph (100 km/h)
Lowest pressure993 mbar (hPa); 29.32 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities18 direct, 4 indirect
Damage$223 million (2011 USD)
Areas affectedCentral America, Mexico, Texas, Florida
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Storm Arlene, the first

Atlantic tropical wave, which crossed the Yucatán Peninsula before emerging over warm waters in the Bay of Campeche. Despite moderate wind shear, the disturbance strengthened and developed a surface circulation, prompting the National Hurricane Center to declare it a tropical storm on June 28. Arlene remained vigorous for most of its existence; the storm peaked in intensity with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) on June 30, just before making landfall on the coast of Veracruz
. Crossing the mountains of eastern Mexico, Arlene weakened to a depression before dissipating early on July 1.

The precursor disturbance to Arlene brought significant rainfall to parts of Central America, killing three people and triggering widespread flooding and landslides. Throughout Mexico, prolonged rains from Arlene and subsequent flooding affected hundreds of homes and several roads, causing many residents to seek shelter. At the height of the storm, power was lost to 285,000 homes. At least 22 people in Mexico were killed by Arlene. Elsewhere, rainfall from the storm alleviated ongoing drought conditions in southern Texas and Florida.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Tropical Storm Arlene can be traced to a distinct

Tampico, Tamaulipas.[7]

Tropical Storm Arlene organizing over the Bay of Campeche

Over the following hours, deep convection increased around the broad storm, though its circulation center continued to lack in organization.[8] Arlene curved to the west in response to a

UTC, with the severest winds confined to the north of the center.[11]

Farther inland, Arlene turned to the west-southwest along the building ridge. The storm decreased in strength upon doing so; its mid- and low-level circulations became increasingly decoupled, with the latter turning elongated and ill-defined.

Pacific coastlines.[15]

Preparations

Due to the threat of heavy rainfall from Arlene's precursor, authorities issued a green alert in

Benito Juárez were closed on June 28.[19]

In response to Arlene's formation, the

La Pesca.[22] Prior to landfall, the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) activated a contingency plan for risk zones in the states of Veracruz and Tamaulipas. Emergency crews and medical teams were subsequently dispatched to the area in order to supply medical care to possible victims and manage power plant water pumps in case of flooding.[23] An alert was declared for Pemex—a major oil company within the storm's projected path—in consideration of possible impact to refineries and other facilities.[24]

Over 50 temporary shelters were made available in flood-prone areas across various municipalities in Veracruz.[25] Authorities in Tamaulipas prepared five shelters and mobilized of 10 emergency teams to evacuate up to 20,000 people in anticipation of adverse weather conditions.[26] In Hidalgo, 250 shelters were opened and emergency workers were dispatched as a safety measure.[27] At the risk of flash flooding, public storm shelters were made available in parts of Oaxaca.[28]

Impact

Central America

Tropical Storm Arlene intensifying with thunderstorms dropping heavy rain in Central America and Mexico as seen on infrared imagery

For several days, the precursor disturbance to Arlene dropped significant amounts of rain along coastal Central America and the Yucatán Peninsula. In Honduras, floods killed one person and collapsed a major bridge near the Goascorán River, leaving about 600 families isolated from surrounding areas.[29][30] Elsewhere in the country, a rockslide occurred along a road to San José de Colinas, and several rivers overflowed due to the effects of the storm.[31] In neighboring El Salvador, maximum rainfall amounts totaled 8.34 in (212 mm). Two people drowned in San Miguel, while 25 others were displaced in La Unión due to the floods.[32][33] Scattered moderate showers also affected several parts of Nicaragua, triggering mudslides and overflowing a river in Cuapa. Along the riverside, 30 homes suffered inundations and 94 people evacuated the area.[34]

Mexico

Tropical Storm Arlene and its remnants produced hours of prolonged rainfall over much of northeastern and south-central Mexico. Widespread floods and landslides impacted multiple states, prompting evacuations and causing copious damage to property and infrastructure. At the height of the storm, about 285,000 households lost power throughout Mexico, though service was quickly restored to 210,000 homes.[35] Schools remained closed in the morning throughout Hidalgo, as well as in parts of San Luis Potosí, Guerrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca.[36] Throughout the country, Arlene resulted in 22 confirmed fatalities and left one person missing.[37]

La Huasteca Region

Overcast conditions created by Arlene on moving ashore

Arlene brought strong thunderstorms and showers to much of eastern Mexico, with

land subsidence, and three damaged schools in Coacoatzintla.[41] The costs of road reconstructions totaled Mex$126 million (US$10.2 million).[45] In response to the devastation, the government declared a state of emergency for 65 percent of the state; by July 5, 62 municipalities remained under alert.[46]

Heavy rains fell over Taumalipas, with 348.8 mm measured along the

Xilitla.[54][53]

Farther inland, in Hidalgo, about 100 families required evacuation across the municipalities of

Tlacotepec municipality, a girl was left missing after falling into a rushing stream;[58] by July 4, officials confirmed she had drowned.[54] After hours of prolonged rainfall, concerns arose over the potential overflow of a dam in the municipality of Tlatlauquitepec.[60] Three houses sustained damage in Eloxochitlán as a consequence of excessively saturated soils, and another collapsed in Atempan.[60] Elsewhere in Puebla, mud and flood waters reached 1.6 ft (0.5 m) in a school after a nearby river overflowed.[58]

Elsewhere

Upon moving ashore near

Tapachula and Soconusco over a 36-hour time span. Floods, landslides, and strong winds damaged more than 450 homes in the state.[61] Emergency workers evacuated about 150 families after two rivers in the region reached dangerous water levels.[62] In the wake of Arlene, one fatality was confirmed in Chiapas.[63] Rainfall in Oaxaca inflicted damage to multiple roads and collapsed one bridge; communication was lost with over 12,000 people from Mixe–Zapotec communities.[28] The storm's remnants caused a landslide that overturned a taxi, killing one of its nine passengers.[54] Weather conditions in Michoacán—which was still recovering from the impact of Pacific Hurricane Beatriz—deteriorated significantly; 1,600 homes sustained additional damage, while damaged roads and bridges secluded multiple coastal communities in Aquila.[64] In Guerrero, three people were killed in traffic accidents due to inclement weather.[59] Torrential rainfall throughout the state flooded 210 homes and left one person missing, with some uprooted trees and rockfall occurring along mountainous areas.[65][66]

United States

In Florida, moisture tracing behind Arlene produced showers, alleviating ongoing extreme drought conditions in the state.[67] The National Weather Service warned for the potential of flooding rains in the drought-stricken region of southern Texas. Officials in Cameron County ordered the preparation of sandbags, as well as the inspection of water pumps and vehicles to deal with floodwaters.[68] In Hidalgo County, the storm spawned a weak tornado that damaged roofs, toppled vehicles, and injured one person prior to moving into Mexico.[69]

See also

References

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  6. ^ Walton, Corey (2011-06-27). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
  7. ^ Brown, Richard/Kimberlain, Todd (2011-06-29). "Tropical Storm Arlene Discussion Number One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-06-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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External links

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