Hurricane Karl

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This article is about the 2010 hurricane. For other uses, see
Hurricane Karl (disambiguation)
.

Hurricane Karl
Hurricane Karl at peak intensity, shortly before landfall in Mexico on September 17
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 14, 2010
DissipatedSeptember 18, 2010
Category 3 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds125 mph (205 km/h)
Lowest pressure956 mbar (hPa); 28.23 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities22 total
Damage$3.9 billion (2010 USD)
Areas affectedBelize, Yucatán Peninsula, Veracruz
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Karl was the most destructive

major hurricane
. This marked the first known time that a major hurricane existed in the Bay of Campeche. Afterwards, the storm rapidly weakened over the mountains of Mexico and dissipated on September 18.

At least 22 people were confirmed dead, most of which were in the state of Veracruz.[2] Insured losses from the storm were estimated to be US$206 million, with total economic losses of approximately $3.9 billion.[3]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Hurricane Karl were from the interaction between a

Chetumal, Mexico, though post-storm reanalysis revealed a tropical depression had in fact formed six hours earlier.[6][10]

With a predominant

UTC September 16, the center of Karl emerged into the Bay of Campeche as it slowed slightly. Situated once again over warm waters in a favorable shear environment, Karl steadily intensified and reached hurricane status about 150 mi (240 km) off the coast of Campeche, Mexico, after reconnaissance found a developing eyewall. At the time, Karl co-existed with hurricanes Igor and Julia, the first such occasion since 1998 with at least three simultaneous hurricanes in the North Atlantic.[15]

Hurricane Karl rapidly intensifying in the Bay of Campeche on September 16

The hurricane entered a period of

Veracruz, Mexico as a major hurricane at 16:45 UTC.[6] Once inland, the small storm rapidly weakened over the high terrain, and by early September 18 no deep convection remained around its increasingly disrupted circulation.[18] Around 0900 UTC, the system was declassified as a tropical cyclone as its low-level circulation dissipated, though patches of remnant thunderstorms continued to produce heavy precipitation over the country.[19]

Preparations

Western Caribbean

Tropical Storm Karl moving ashore in the Yucatán Peninsula on September 15

Upon the formation of a tropical cyclone, the

hydroelectric power plant located in western Honduras, discharged some of its water reservoir into connecting rivers to prevent flooding of surrounding low-lying areas. Port officials along the coastlines were advised to take necessary precautions due to rough sea conditions.[21] In Belize, seaports secured their supplies and halted operations to ensure the safety of seafaring vessels and marine workers.[22] Schools were closed in the northern districts of Corozal and Orange Walk, as well as in San Pedro Town and Caye Caulker during the storm's passage.[23]

In

Campeche, Champotón and the municipality of Calkiní (Isla Arena). Local residents were urged not to take out their trash for three days, as collection services were to be suspended at the threat of torrential rainfall.[26]

Veracruz

The government of the

Veracruz issued a red alert as Karl approached the state's coastline; eight municipalities were placed under mandatory coastal evacuation orders. Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Station, located in the Veracruz coastline, stopped its operations as a precaution. Additionally, Pemex evacuated its facilities on the Gulf of Mexico that were located in Karl's path.[27] World oil prices rose rapidly on September 17 as the company stopped production on 14 of its wells. The prices climbed 54 cents to 75.11 dollars a barrel.[28]

Impact

Storm total rainfall from Karl in Mexico

Yucatán Peninsula

As Karl struck the coast of

Chetumal suffered inundations of up to 4.9 ft (1.5 m), forcing hundreds of residents to evacuate.[29][31]
High winds reportedly uprooted several trees in
Othon P. Blanco, Carillo Puerto, and José María Morelos reported copious losses in agriculture; an estimated total of 11,650 hectares of crop were affected, with 3,477 hectares of maiz crop destroyed. Approximately 7,800 hectares of sugarcane along the banks of the Hondo River were lost, resulting in economic losses of Mex$76 million (US$6.23 million).[32] In Othon P. Blanco, 477 hectares of jalapeño chili peppers were lost while banana, cassava and citrus plantations in the area sustained significant wind damage.[33] In total, damage to roads, structures and properties in the municipality was estimated at Mex$120 million (US$9.9 million).[34]

Though there were no reports of major damage, strong winds in Belize downed utility poles, grounded water crafts and caused power outages along the Belize–Mexico border.[23] Further inland in Campeche, maximum 24-hour rainfall accumulations totaled no more than 0.95 inches (24 mm), and little damage was reported.[25][35] The storm left no fatalities in its wake in the peninsula, as its landfall occurred in a sparsely populated area.[36]

Gulf coast of Mexico

Video from NASA's Global Hawk aircraft as it examined Hurricane Karl.

Succeeding one of Mexico's wettest seasons on record, torrential rains from Karl brought on historic flooding that lead to great destruction across

Cotaxtla, and a 54-year-old and an 87-year-old in Felipe Carrillo.[43] Two other fatalities were however mentioned as being possibly attributed to the storm in an official government press release on September 24, 2010.[41]

In addition to the loss of life, structural damage in the state was widespread and particularly severe. In Cotaxtla, damaging muddy waters up to 12 m (39 ft) high left much of the municipality inundated and scores structures encased in mud. In some areas, the flooding was described as being "unprecedented".[44] Carrillo Puerto suffered similar damage; two people were reported missing in the city.[45] The impact on the vegetation was particularly notable in Boca del Río—situated near the mouth of the Jamapa River—where the winds downed well over 400,000 trees;[46] a consequent clogging of the river mouth prompted about 30,000 people to evacuate from adjacent areas.[47] In Puebla, two people were killed after their home was destroyed in a landslide.[48] A third person was killed in Tabasco after she drowned in her flooded home.[49] An estimated 200,000 residences were left without power as a result of Karl.[50]

In total, Karl killed 16 people and left 11 others missing.[45][51][52] An estimated 15.8 million people were affected by the storm throughout Mexico.[53] Preliminary assessments placed the damage from Karl in Veracruz at 70 billion MXN (US$5.6 billion).[54][55] In Puebla, losses from the storm reached 200 million MXN (US$16 million).[56] Final estimates of economic losses throughout Mexico total MXN50 billion (US$3.9 billion), with insured losses at MXN2.5 billion (US$200 million).[3]

Aftermath

Flooding from the storm in Veracruz

Following severe flooding triggered by Karl, roughly 3,500 people sought refuge in shelters set up at schools throughout Veracruz. Between 250,000 and 500,000 people are believed to have been left homeless as 120 municipalities throughout the state experience extensive floods. Emergency officials stated that all warnings would remain in place despite Karl having already passed to keep the public informed of lingering danger.[45] In the weeks following the hurricane, recovery crews cleared roughly 18,000 tonnes of debris throughout the state of Veracruz.[57]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Central American hurricane alert system uses the colors blue, green, yellow, orange, and red to denote the scale of danger, with blue indicating the lowest threat and red the greatest.
    Source: "Alerta Huracane". Bomberos y Protección Civil de Quintana Roo IAP. 2003. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2011.

References

  1. ^ Unattributed (December 14, 2010). "Tras temporada de huracanes, recuento de daños" (in Spanish). Crónica del Poder. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  2. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (February 9, 2017). "Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Karl" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  3. ^ a b http://www.aon.com/attachments/reinsurance/201012_if_annual_global_climate_cat_report.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  4. ^ Garcia, Felix (September 9, 2010). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  5. ^ Formosa, Mike (September 9, 2010). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e Stewart, Stacy R. (January 31, 2011). "Hurricane KARL Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  7. ^ Huffman, Marshall (September 11, 2010). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  8. ^ Huffman, Marshall (September 13, 2010). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  9. ^ Beven, Jack (September 14, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  10. ^ a b Beven, Jack (September 14, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Advisory One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  11. ^ Brown, Daniel (September 14, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  12. ^ Pasch, Richard (September 15, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Thfree". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  13. ^ Beven, Jack (September 15, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  14. ^ Avila, Lixion (September 15, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  15. ^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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  17. ^ Brennan, Michael (September 17, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Twelve". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  18. ^ Avila, Lixion (September 18, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Fifteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  19. ^ Avila, Lixion (September 18, 2010). "Tropical Storm Karl Discussion Sixteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  20. ^ Staff Writer (September 14, 2010). "Honduras en alerta verde por formación de Karl" (in Spanish). La Prensa. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
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  23. ^ a b Staff Writer (September 16, 2010). "Belize reports no major damage from Tropical Storm Karl". CDEMA. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
  24. ^ a b Staff Writer (September 15, 2010). "Tormenta 'Karl' golpea costas mexicanas" (in Spanish). El Informador. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
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  27. ^ Ávila, Édgar (September 17, 2010). "Veracruz espera a un furioso huracán "Karl"". El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  28. ^ Pemex (September 17, 2010). "Oil prices rise as hurricane Karl shuts platforms". AFP. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  29. ^ a b Hernández, Silvia (September 15, 2010). "Karl, una de las peores tormentas: autoridades" (in Spanish). El Universal. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  30. ^ Staff Writer (September 16, 2010). "Daños eléctricos en Quintana Roo a causa de la tormenta "Karl"" (in Spanish). Artículo 7. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
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  33. ^ "Constatan daños en cultivos" (in Spanish). Noticaribe. September 17, 2010. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
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  35. ^ Notimix (September 16, 2010). "Karl deja Campeche sin causar daños" (in Spanish). El Universal. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
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  37. ^ a b Agence France-Presse (September 21, 2010). "12 dead in Mexico hurricane, as looting spirals: officials". ReliefWeb. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
  38. ^ Staff reporter (September 18, 2010). "Hay 235 mil casas sin luz en Veracruz". El Informador (in Spanish). Unión Editorialista, S.A. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
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  40. ^ "Afectaciones Karl" (PDF) (in Spanish). Government of Veracruz. 2010. p. 18. Retrieved September 9, 2011.[permanent dead link]
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  42. Government of Mexico (September 24, 2010). "México: Diversas intervenciones en Reunión de Evaluación por Daños Ocasionados por Karl" (in Spanish). ReliefWeb
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  46. ^ Osorio, Iratze (September 25, 2010). "Pasarán seis décadas para recuperar los más de 400 mil árboles perdidos por "Karl"" (in Spanish). Boca del Río. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
  47. ^ Contreras, Oved (October 18, 2010). "Inició reconstrucción". Diario de Xalapa (in Spanish). Organización Editorial Mexicana. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
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  49. ^ Staff Writer (September 18, 2010). "México: tres muertos tras el paso de Karl" (in Spanish). BBC. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
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  52. ^ Staff Writer (September 20, 2010). "Hurricane Karl insured losses estimated at less than $400M". Business Insurance. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
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  54. ^ Staff Writer (September 20, 2010). "Según cálculos de Kuri Grajales, Karl causó daños al estado por 12 mil mdp" (in Spanish). La Jordana Veracruz. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
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  56. ^ Fabiola Reynoso Vázquez (September 23, 2010). "Live Nude Cams 😍 - Ooh Cams" (in Spanish). Contraparte Informativa.
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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Karl (2010).
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