Tropical Storm Luke

Add links
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Severe Tropical Storm Luke (Pepang)
Tropical Storm Luke early on September 18
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 14, 1991 (1991-09-14)
DissipatedSeptember 19, 1991 (1991-09-19)
Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds100 km/h (65 mph)
Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar); 28.94 inHg
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds95 km/h (60 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities12 total
Damage$179 million (1991 USD)
Areas affectedJapan
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season

Severe Tropical Storm Luke, known in the

US
$179 million).

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

An area of disturbed weather that would later become Tropical Storm Luke was first noted by the

monsoon depression, with a ring of 55 km/h (35 mph) winds surrounding a large area of light and variable winds, indicating a broad and ill-defined circulation.[1] Early on September 15, the JTWC upgraded the depression into Tropical Storm Luke, with the JMA following suit six hours later.[4][nb 2]

The cyclone continued to slowly intensity over the next 48 hours as it tracked west-northwestward. On September 17, satellite imagery indicated that the circulation had become less defined and the overall system had lost organization.

subtropical ridge, which had been holding the system to a westward track, to recede eastward. Meanwhile, the vertical wind shear caused by westerlies increased, causing Luke to transition into an extratropical cyclone. The JTWC issued its final warning at noon on September 19,[1] with the JMA declaring Luke extratropical that evening. It was last noted late on September 21.[2]

Impact

Even though Luke did not attain typhoon intensity, its broad monsoonal structure resulted in large circumference of gale-force winds while torrential rains inundated large portions of western Japan.

Owase, including 528 mm (20.8 in) in a 24-hour time frame.[7] A peak hourly rainfall total of 86 mm (3.4 in) was observed in Fuijsakatoge in Mie Prefecture.[8] A wind gust of 119 km/h (74 mph) was recorded in Erimo.[9]

In

Gunma prefecture[22] while one hundred sixty-eight others were damaged in Tochigi Prefecture.[23] One person died in Nagano Prefecture. A total of 146 homes were damaged and destroyed there. Damage amounted to ¥4.5 billion.[24] A total of 657 dwellings were damaged and 75 other homes were demolished.[25] Further north, thirty-two homes were damaged and nine were destroyed in Iwate Prefecture. Damage there was assessed at ¥2.02 billion.[26]

Nationwide, 12 fatalities were reported and 23 others sustained injuries. A total of 225 houses were destroyed while 52,662 others were flooded.[27] Over 20,000 dwellings were damaged.[1] More than 40 domestic flights were cancelled.[28] Twelve Toyota plants were closed due to the storm.[29] Rivers crested at eighteen points and six bridges were washed away. A total of 103 bullet trains were cancelled and 160 others were delayed between Tokyo and Osaka, which disrupted travel plans of 315,000 people. In addition, 11,999 trains were halted in eastern and northern Japan, inconveniencing 750,000 passengers.[30] By September 20, however, train service was restored to most of the impacted area.[31] There were 644 landslides and roads were damaged at 418 points.[29] Two ships along with 4,973 ha (12,290 acres) of farmland were damaged.[27] Authorities estimated damage at ¥24.2 billion (US$79 million).[27][nb 3][nb 4]

See also

  • Tropical Storm Luke (1994)
    - other system named Luke

Notes

  1. Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[3]
  2. sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds.[5]
  3. ^ All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using this with an exchange rate of the year 1991.
  4. ^ All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1992). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1991 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  2. ^
    .TXT
    )     (Report). Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  3. ^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  4. ^ a b Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1991 LUKE (1991256N14148). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  5. ^ Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Frequently Asked Questions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  6. ^ Tropical Storm 20W Best Track (TXT) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2002. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  7. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS OWASE (53378) @ Typhoon 199118. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  8. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS FUJISAKATOGE (53287) @ Typhoon 199118. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  9. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS ERIMOMISAKI (22391) @ Typhoon 199118. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  10. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-777-07. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  11. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-670-04. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  12. ^ a b c "International News". United Press International. September 19, 1991.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  13. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-656-06. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  14. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-651-11. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  15. ^ Kageyama, Yuri (September 19, 1991). "Storm Kills Eight, Floods Nearly 30,000 Homes". Associated Press.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  16. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-648-17. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  17. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-638-07. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  18. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-636-01. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  19. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-632-03. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  20. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-629-11. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  21. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-626-07. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  22. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-624-14. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  23. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-615-07. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  24. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-610-20. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  25. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-595-06. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  26. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. 1991-584-05. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  27. ^ a b c Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 19918 (Luke). Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  28. ^ "Tropical Storm Kills At Least Five, Floods Homes". Associated Press. September 19, 1991.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  29. ^ a b "Storm Kills Eight, Floods Nearly 30,000 Homes". Associated Press. September 20, 1991.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  30. ^ "Typhoon Luke swipes Japan, 11 dead or missing". Agence France Presse. September 19, 1991.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  31. ^ "International News". United Press International. September 20, 1991.  – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_Storm_Luke&oldid=1210668881"