Tverskoy District
55°46′N 37°36′E / 55.767°N 37.600°E
Tverskoy District (Russian: Тверско́й райо́н, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskoj] ⓘ) is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 75,378 (2010 Russian census);[1] 75,955 (2002 Census).[2]
The district extends from
Historical areas of
History
Old Muscovy to 19th century
Tverskaya Street emerged, as the road to Tver, in the 12th century. Dmitrovka Street, the road to Dmitrov, and Petrovka Street, leading to Vysokopetrovsky Monastery, date back to the 14th century.[3]
Until the 1820s, the territory of what is now Tverskoy District was separated from the
Dmitrovka Street also developed rapidly after the fire of 1648, as marked by the one-of-a-kind eight-
Northeastern side of Tverskoy District (east of Petrovka Street) lagged behind Tverskaya Street and Moscow's east side due to frequent floods on the Neglinnaya River. First attempt to control the river, proposed in 1775 by Matvey Kazakov, materialized in 1792 Neglinnaya Canal, which was running parallel to the river. Once the canal was completed, the old river bed was filled with earth. In 1817–1819, the channel was covered with masonry vaults, locking the stream in a tunnel. This created Neglinnaya Street, the youngest street inside Boulevard Ring, but did not rule out future floods. The most recent flood, in 1973, led to complete rebuilding of the aging tunnel (1974–1989, see 1965 flood photos)[6] Another legacy of the Neglinnaya river survives in Central Baths (1890) and Sandunovsky Baths (1896).[7][8]
Theatre District
The first public theater,
Another historical hall, the Assembly of Nobility (now the
Industrial expansion
Unlike
Miusskaya Square, located three blocks from Belorussky Terminal, was a site of unusual urban development, a new center of blue-collar social life. In the course of one decade, 1904–1914, the city and private sponsors built Abrikosova Hospital and Nursery (1906),
Modern history
Redevelopment of Tverskaya Street began in the late 1920s with infill buildings like Ivan Rerberg's Central Telegraph (1927), and Grigory Barkhin's Izvestia building in Pushkin Square (1927). This was followed by demolition of Okhotny Ryad and Manege Square.
Major reconstruction of Tverskaya Street began in 1937 with demolition of Strastnoy Monastery and dozens of smaller buildings. Three buildings, including Savvinskoye Podvorye,
Design of the first stretch of new Gorky Street (the name of Tverskaya since 1935) was awarded to Arkady Mordvinov, 1929 graduate in architecture known for his ultra-left public statements. Mordvinov proved himself a good project manager, successfully testing so-called flow method of fast-track construction. By 1941, most of central Gorky Street was completed; the rest was built out after World War II.
In the 1970s, the street acquired Brezhnev-era boxlike buildings of 22-story Hotel Intourist (1970, demolished in 2002[18]) and smaller Minsk Hotel (1964, demolished in 2005) and New Izvestia building; less controversial pseudo-stalinist infill buildings followed in the 1980s and late 1990s. However, outside Tverskaya, historical buildings and neighborhoods were being demolished throughout the 1990s and 2000s. Many blocks in the Novoslobodskaya station area are already rebuilt as post-2000 highrises. The City has declared plans to reconstruct Pushkin Square and Belorussky Terminal Square with multi-level tunnels, shopping space, and parking,[19] but those plans were later abolished with mayor resignation.
Population of Tverskoy District is traditionally affluent and educated, with a substantial share of foreigners (most of them are not included in official population count). Its ethnic mix, changing rapidly since the 1980s, has high shares of Tatars, Armenians and Jews; once-strong Ukrainian community has dispersed.[20] Like all Central Okrug population, Tverskoy residents have life expectancy of three to four years higher than other Muscovites, attributed to better education and social status.[21]
Government and infrastructure
The Ministry of Education and Science has its head office in the district.[22] For their role in the Sergei Magnitsky case, several judges of the Tverskoy District Court are subject to the American Magnitsky Act sanctions,[23] prohibiting their entrance to the United States and use of the US banking system.[24]
Economy
Korean Air operates its CIS office in the district.[25]
Notable buildings, cultural, and educational facilities
Public transportation access
- Kuznetsky Most- city center
- Pushkin Square
- Mayakovskaya
- Belorussky Rail Terminaland Miusskaya Square
- Tsvetnoy Boulevard
- Mendeleyevskaya, Novoslobodskaya - Miusskaya Square
- Savyolovsky Rail Terminal(northern extremity)
References
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ This section is based on P. V. Sytin's "History of Moscow Streets", Russian: П.В.Сытин, "Из истории московских улиц", М, 1948 (Sytin)
- ^ Sytin, p.190
- ^ Sytin, p.128
- ^ Russian, Contractor report: Река Неглинная. История и современность, Мосинжроект, 2005 www.mosinzhproekt.ru
- ISBN 5-9207-0001-7стр.184 (Builders of Moscow, p.184). Dates are for extant buildings. Sandunov family owned the baths since the 18th century.
- Central Bank of Russian Federationbuilding.
- ^ German: http://russlandonline.ru
- ^ Builders of Moscow, p.184
- ^ Builders of Russia, p.187 says "minor construction work proceeded till 1909". Substantial completion is usually dated 1903
- ^ Builders of Moscow, p.42
- ^ Builders of Moscow, p.329
- ^ Builders of Moscow, p.372
- ^ Builders of Moscow, p.382
- ^ М.Трубилина, "Переезды во сне и наяву", Российская Газета, 1 марта 2004, www.rg.ru
- ^ St.Nicholas church of Rogozhskoye Old Believers was laid down shortly before World War I and was not properly completed and consecrated before the Revolution of 1917. All exterior and interior finished were made from scratch in the 1990s.
- ^ Russian: illustrated contractor's report on demolition www.krealist.ru
- ^ English: Pushkin Square Under Threat, The Moscow Times, 24.10.2006 MAPS Archived May 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Russian: Ethnicity maps in: Вендина, Ольга (ред.) Москва этническая: грозит ли городу геттоизация? "Население и общество", 2004, N177 www.demoscope.ru
- ^ Russian: Mortality map: Игнатова, Ольга "Ближе к центру — дольше жизнь. Продолжительность жизни в столице увеличилась на 9 лет", "Российская газета", 19.02.2007 www.rg.ru
- ^ "CONTACT Archived November 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine." Ministry of Education and Science. Retrieved on 1 November 2011. "Address: Tverskaya street, 11, Moscow, 125993" - Address in Russian Archived November 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine: "ул.Тверская, д.11, г.Москва, ГСП-3, 125993"
- ^ "Magnitsky List release: severe blow on Moscow-US ties". Voice of Russia. April 12, 2013.
- ^ Lally, Kathy; Englund, Will (December 6, 2012). "Russia fumes as U.S. Senate passes Magnitsky law aimed at human rights". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
- ^ "Company Info / Contact Info." Korean Air. Retrieved on 30 August 2011. "CIS Headquarters Bolshoy Gnezdnykovsky Pereulok D1/2, Moscow, Russia" Address in Russian: "Большой Гнездниковский переулок 1/2 Москва Россия"
External links
- Official website of Tverskoy District (in Russian)