Typhoon Yinxing

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Marce.
Typhoon Yinxing (Marce)
Typhoon Yinxing nearing landfall shortly before peak intensity on November 7
Meteorological history
FormedNovember 2, 2024
DissipatedNovember 12, 2024
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds185 km/h (115 mph)
Lowest pressure945 hPa (mbar); 27.91 inHg
Category 4-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds240 km/h (150 mph)
Lowest pressure931 hPa (mbar); 27.49 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities1
Injuries1
Missing1
Damage>$9.63 million (2024 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Vietnam
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Yinxing, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Marce, was a powerful

Man-yi
only a few days after. Additionally, it was also part of the four tropical cyclones to simultaneously exist in the Western Pacific during the month of November, the first occurrence since records began in 1951; the other three were Toraji, Usagi and Man-yi.

The twenty-second

Sanchez Mira, Cagayan. As the typhoon accelerated westward over the South China Sea, it weakened due to interactions with the terrain, while the spiral bands of convection continued to tightly wrap around the center and deep convection became organized into well-defined bands. As the system moved southwestward between two mid-level subtropical high, vertical wind shear quickly disrupted its cold central cloud cover, partially exposing the low-level circulation. The storm had a compact circulation center just offshore of the southern coast of Vietnam, with an eye-like feature surrounded by weak to moderate convective activity. At 07:00 UTC on November 12, it made landfall just north of Quy Nhon
, Vietnam, and quickly moved inland. The JMA continued to track the system until it dissipated on the same day.

A red alert warning has been issued for Cagayan and Batanes as PAGASA cautioned of heavy rains, strong winds, and storm surges impacting northern Luzon. The Department of National Defense has directed local authorities to forcibly evacuate residents from isolated areas, while classes have been canceled in various regions of Luzon due to Yinxing. Additionally, more than 200 passengers have been affected by flight cancellations. Yinxing generated 242.6 mm (9.55 in) of rain in Cagayan over a 24-hour period, and power outages occurred in both Cagayan and Apayao. Overall, Yinxing was responsible for one person reported dead, another injured, and one more reported missing, causing approximately US$9.63 million in damages.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Typhoon Yinxing

vertical wind shear, good divergence aloft, and warm sea surface temperatures of 29–30 °C (84–86 °F).[3] Later that same day, the JTWC designated the system as 24W, due to its compact structure and a small burst of deep convection occurring near the circulation center,[4] which revealed a nearly symmetrical and compact central dense overcast (CDO) with extremely cold cloud tops of −70 °C (−94 °F).[5] At 18:00 UTC that same day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm named Yinxing,[6] as it exhibited improved convective banding tightly wrapping around the obscured low-level circulation center.[7]

Man-yi, the first occurrence since 1951[8]

At 05:00

subtropical high,[10][11] with the system being very compact and displaying a symmetrical and persistent CDO that obscured the circulation center.[12] Early the next day, both the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, and the JTWC classified it as a minimal typhoon.[13] Yinxing continued to slowly intensify in the Philippine Sea, with feeder bands wrapping more tightly into a symmetrical CDO and producing overshooting cloud tops.[14] A pinhole eye also began to form, prompting the JMA to upgrade it to a typhoon at 00:00 UTC on November 5.[15] The typhoon was slowly consolidating, featuring a 115 miles (185 km) diameter CDO and a developing, ragged eye,[16] while microwave imagery revealed a strong northeasterly surge through the Luzon and Taiwan Straits,[17] with deep convection continuing to prevail despite the moderate southwesterly vertical wind shear.[18] As it moved slowly west-northwestward,[19] the typhoon's eye, which measured 23 miles (37 km) in diameter, became more circular in shape as it approached northeastern Cagayan.[20]

On November 7, the JTWC reported that the system had peaked as a Category 4-equivalent

Sanchez Mira, Cagayan, also in Luzon, at 9:00 PM PHT (13:00 UTC).[24] As the typhoon accelerated westward over the South China Sea, it weakened due to interactions with the terrain.[25] The typhoon, with a cloud-filled eye 29 miles (46 km) in diameter, became filled,[26] while the spiral bands of convection continued to tightly wrap around the center, with deep convection beginning to organize into well-defined bands.[27] The typhoon managed to overcome the dry air intrusion, leading to the redevelopment of a ragged CDO.[28] It later developed into a more compact cold central cover with deepening overshooting cloud tops and a 22 miles (35 km) diameter eye that became increasingly symmetrical and sharply defined.[29] Yinxing restrengthened, featuring a 22 miles (35 km) oblong eye and an eye temperature of 11.8 °C (53.2 °F). As a result, the JTWC assessed the storm's winds to have reached 205 km/h (125 mph) on November 9.[30]

The next day, it was steadily weakening, with the CDO becoming more asymmetric due to cooler sea surface temperatures around 26 °C (79 °F) and increasing vertical wind shear.[31] Moving southwestward between two mid-level subtropical high, the system's cold central cloud cover was quickly disrupted by strong southwestward vertical wind shear, which partially exposed the low-level circulation.[32] As a result, the JMA reported that the storm weakened into a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on November 11,[33] with a broad, exposed low-level circulation and disorganized convection flaring over the northern quadrant.[34] The system had a compact circulation center just offshore of the southern coast of Vietnam, with an eye-like feature surrounded by weak to moderate convective activity.[35] At 07:00 UTC on November 12, the storm made landfall just north of Quy Nhon, Vietnam, and quickly moved inland, prompting the JTWC to issue its final warning.[36] Afterward, the JMA continued to track the system until it dissipated at 18:00 UTC on the same day.[37]

Preparations

Philippines

Yinxing approaching the Philippines on November 4

PAGASA warned of heavy rains, strong winds, and storm surges affecting northern Luzon.[38] On the evening of November 4, PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 for Batanes, the northern and eastern portions of Cagayan including the Babuyan Islands, the eastern portion of Isabela, and the northern portion of Ilocos Norte.[39] By November 5, Signal No. 2 was raised over Batanes, Apayao, the northern portions of Kalinga, Abra, Ilocos Norte, and Ilocos Sur.[40] On November 6, Signal No. 3 was issued for parts of the northern and central portions of mainland Cagayan, including the Babuyan Islands, and the eastern portion of Apayao.[41] The following day, PAGASA escalated the warning to Signal No. 4 for the northeastern portion of mainland Cagayan and the southeastern portion of the Babuyan Islands.[42]

The Department of National Defense ordered local authorities to forcibly evacuate residents of isolated areas.[43] Classes in various regions of Luzon have been canceled due to Yinxing, while more than 200 passengers have been affected by flight cancellations.[44][45] The Armed Forces of the Philippines announced that it has prepositioned 305 search, rescue, and retrieval teams in anticipation of the effects of Yinxing.[46] President Bongbong Marcos ordered all government agencies to be on high alert[47] and cancelled his attendance at the APEC Peru 2024 summit scheduled on November 10 to 16 to focus on disaster response.[48] The Office of Civil Defense estimated that up to 24 million people could be impacted by Yinxing.[49] A red alert warning has been issued for Cagayan and Batanes.[50] Telecommunications company Globe Telecom prepared emergency supplies and personnel in areas where the storm was expected to hit.[51] Flights and shipping from Calayan, Cagayan were suspended.[52] At least 30,271 people were evacuated in Cagayan,[53] with officials noting that Yinxing was the fourth storm to hit the province within the previous month.[54] The National Irrigation Administration guaranteed that water would be released in a controlled manner from dams prior to Yinxing.[55]

Elsewhere

In Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration warned that Yinxing could bring heavy rains in the east of the island, as well as in Keelung and Yilan County from November 7 to 9.[56] In Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Observatory raised typhoon signal 1 at 12.40pm on November 8, and Signal 3 on November 9 at 3.40pm.[57][58] The cross harbour swimming race in Victoria Harbour scheduled for November 10 was cancelled.[59] In Macau, typhoon signal 1 was raised on November 8 on 11am followed by Signal 3 on November 9 at 11pm.[60]

Impact and aftermath

Philippines

Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO) daily situation map for the Philippines on November 8

Yinxing generated 242.6 mm (9.55 in) of rain in Cagayan over a 24-hour period.

DSWD used aircraft from the Philippine Air Force to deliver aid to the Babuyan Islands.[76]

As of November 13, 2024[update], the

US$101,522.84) to the Philippines.[83]

Relation to climate change

A study by

Man-yi. Using statistical modeling, scientists projected that a 1.3 °C (34.3 °F) rise in sea surface temperatures would cause such an event to occur once every 15 years, with the likelihood increasing to every 12 years. They concluded that climate change has increased the probability of at least three Category 3–5 typhoons hitting the Philippines in a year.[84][85]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Prognostic Reasoning No. 1 for tropical depression (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 3, 2024. Archived from the original on November 3, 2024. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
  3. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 90W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 2, 2024. Archived from the original on November 2, 2024. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  4. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 24W (Twenty-Four) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 3, 2024. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
  5. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 24W (Twenty-Four) Warning No. 2 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 3, 2024. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
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