Tyrannotitan

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Tyrannotitan
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Reconstructed skeleton in Queensland Museum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Family: †Carcharodontosauridae
Tribe: †
Giganotosaurini
Genus: †Tyrannotitan
Novas et al., 2005
Type species
†Tyrannotitan chubutensis
Novas et al., 2005

Tyrannotitan (

bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the carcharodontosaurid family from the Aptian stage of the early Cretaceous period, discovered in Argentina. It is closely related to other giant predators like Carcharodontosaurus and especially Giganotosaurus as well as Mapusaurus
.

Discovery and species

Known remains (in yellow)
Vertebra and ischium

Tyrannotitan chubutensis was described by Fernando E. Novas, Silvina de Valais, Pat Vickers-Rich, and Tom Rich in 2005. The fossils were found at La Juanita Farm, 28 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of Paso de Indios,

stage).[1]

The

phalanges 2-1, 2–2, and 3-3.[1]

Description

Reconstruction of a Tyrannotitan, feeding on a Chubutisaurus.
Estimated size, compared to a human.

Tyrannotitan was a large animal, reaching 12.2–13 metres (40–43 ft) in length and 4.8–7 t (5.3–7.7 short tons) in body mass.[2][3][4][5][6] Unlike other known carcharodontosaurids, this animal lacks skeletal pneumaticity extending into the sacral and caudal centra. The scapulocoracoid is fused, and much better developed than that of Giganotosaurus carolinii, yet the arm is very small. Most of the shaft of the scapula is missing.[1]

The

jugal, which contrasts with the rounded base restored for Giganotosaurus and agrees with Carcharodontosaurus favorably. The denticles on its teeth are "chisel-like", and are virtually identical to those of other carcharodontosaurids in having a wrinkled enamel surface, heavily serrated mesial and distal carinae, and labiolingually compressed (laterally flattened) crowns.[7] The femur of the paratype specimen is 1.4 m (4.6 ft) long according to Novas et al.[1] Canale et al. recover Tyrannotitan as deeply nested within the tribe Giganotosaurini as its most basal member. Characteristics that unite the Giganotosaurini include the presence of a postorbital process on the jugal with a wide base, and a derived femur with a weak fourth trochanter and a shallow broad extensor groove at the distal end.[7][8]

Classification

The following cladogram after Novas et al., 2013, shows the position of Tyrannotitan within Carcharodontosauridae.[9]

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 24015414
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7
    .
  3. ISBN 9780691137209
    .
  4. S2CID 221404013
    .
  5. S2CID 84317234
    .
  6. PMID 30897281
    .
  7. ^
    S2CID 84583928
    .
  8. ^ "Coria R. A. & Currie P. J. 2006. – A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 28 (1) : 71–118". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. hdl:11336/102037
    .
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