User:Bjohnsonlmu/sandbox

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Coat of Arms of the Hauteville family

The family of the Hauteville (

Mediterranean, especially Southern Italy and Sicily. They also participated in the Norman Conquest of England
.

Origins

The familial origins had roots from the

Norseman who settled in the Cotentin Peninsula and founded the village of Hialtus Villa (Hauteville) from which the family takes its name.[1][2][3] From just which village of Hauteville, which may simply mean "high town", the family drew its name is hard to identify with certainty, though modern scholarship favours Hauteville-la-Guichard
.

The first of the family well known to us is

Mezzogiorno
to seek their fortunes there.

Mezzogiorno

See also: Norman conquest of southern Italy

The eldest of the twelve sons,

Emperor Henry III as William's heir and a direct vassal of the imperial crown. Their next brother, Humphrey, succeeded Drogo and defeated Pope Leo IX at the Battle of Civitate, making the Hauteville power the highest in the region. He was in turn succeeded by a fourth brother, the first by Tancred's second wife, Robert Guiscard
.

It was Robert who began the conquest of Sicily which was to yield a kingdom seventy years later, as he renewed the war against Byzantium with vigour. Along with the valiant warriorship displayed by his youngest brother,

La Convivencia, Roger was able to employ a policy of "conquest by accommodation" in order to unite the island in spite of being significantly outnumbered by the inhabiting Muslim population [7]
.

Roger bequeathed a powerful state to his young sons,

William II) and Taranto
(which had been given to Bohemond as a consolation for being deprived of Apulia) with his own Sicily.

Kingdom of Sicily

On William's death in 1127, the union of the duchy and the county was effected and Roger's quest for a crown began. Believing kings to have ruled Palermo in antiquity, Roger threw his support behind the Antipope Anacletus II and was duly enthroned as king of Sicily on Christmas Day 1130.

Roger spent most of the decade beginning with his coronation and ending with his great

Ranulf of Alife, Sergius of Naples, etc. In 1139, by the Treaty of Mignano, Roger received the recognition of his kingship from the legitimate pope. It was through his admiral George of Antioch that Roger then proceeded to conquer the Mahdia
in Africa, taking the unofficial title "king of Africa."

Roger's son and successor was William the Bad, though his nickname derives primarily from his lack of popularity with the chroniclers, who supported the baronial revolts William crushed. His reign ended in peace (1166), but his son, William the Good, was a minor. During the boy regency until 1172, the kingdom saw turmoil which almost brought the ruling family down, but eventually the realm settled down and the reign of the second William is remembered as two decades of almost continual peace and prosperity. For this more than anything, he is nicknamed "the Good." His death without heirs in 1189 threw the realm into chaos, however.

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
.

Crusades

The aforementioned Bohemond received in 1088, as a consolation, the principality of Taranto district from the duchy of Apulia which fell as per their father's will to his brother Roger Borsa. Bohemond did not long remain to enjoy his new principality, for while besieging Amalfi with his uncle and brother, he joined a passing band of Crusaders on their way to Palestine. Among his army was a nephew of his, a young man named Tancred.

Bohemond was the natural leader of the crusading host but, through a trick, he took

Bohemond II inherited the Crusader state. He in turn gave it to his only daughter, Constance
, who ruled it until 1163.

Tancred had great luck in carving out a principality around Galilee with the grants of Godfrey of Bouillon, but he relinquished this in 1101.

Genealogy

Tancred and his first wife Muriel (or Muriella) had the following issue:

Tancred and his second wife Fressenda (or Fedesenda) had the following issue:

Relatives of unknown relationship include:

References

  1. ^ Hill, James S. The place-names of Somerset. St. Stephen's printing works, 1914, Princeton University. Page 256
  2. ^ Revue de l'Avranchin et du pays de Granville, Volume 31, Issue 174, Parts 3-4. Société d'archéologie, de littérature, sciences et arts d'Avranches, Mortain, Granville. the University of Michigan.
  3. ^ Google books, The British Chronicles, Volume 2 By David Hughes, Page 527
  4. ISBN 0-472-11459-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help
    )
  5. ^ G.A. Loud, William of Apulia (1963). M. Mathieu (ed.). Palermo: Guillaume de Pouille. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. doi:10.1177/0968344510376463.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link
    )
  7. doi:10.1080/09518967.2010.540417
    .

Sources


Category:European royal families Category:Norman families Category:Italo-Normans

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Bjohnsonlmu/sandbox&oldid=1168304746"