User:Paine Ellsworth/Sandbox7b

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Hong Kong

For the unabbreviated "live" Wikipedia article, see Hong Kong.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China[1]
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區
elevated night panorama on illuminated city
View at night from Victoria Peak
ISO 3166 codeHK

Hong Kong (

cuisine, cinema, music and traditions.[10]

Starting out as a fishing village on

Communist Party of China became the ruling political party after the Chinese Civil War
. Textile and manufacturing industries grew, then toward the end of the 20th century the economy shifted to mainly services-based, as the financial and banking sectors became increasingly dominant.

Hong Kong was reclassified as a

179th largest habited territory in the world. It is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world.[14] The land area consists primarily of Hong Kong Island, Lantau Island, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories as well as some 260 other islands.[8]

The

Central Government to prevent outside interference of its internal affairs.[18]

History

Main article: History of Hong Kong

Hong Kong began as a coastal island. While pockets of settlements had taken place in the region with archaeological findings dating back thousands of years, regularly written records were not made until the engagement of

financial centre that enjoys the world's 6th highest GDP (PPP) per capita, supporting 33% of the foreign capital flows into China.[21]

Human settlement in the area now known as Hong Kong dates back to the late

explorer who arrived in 1513.[24][25]

In 1839 the refusal by

Stonecutter's Island were ceded to Britain under the Convention of Peking. In 1898 Britain obtained a 99-year lease of Lantau Island and the adjacent northern lands, which became known as the New Territories.[26]
Hong Kong's territory has remained unchanged to the present.



During the first half of the 20th century, Hong Kong was a

tai-pans settled near Victoria Peak.[26]

In conjunction with its military campaign in the

hyper-inflation due to forced exchange of currency for military notes. Hong Kong lost more than half of its population in the period between the invasion and Japan's surrender in 1945, when the United Kingdom resumed control of the colony.[27]

Hong Kong's population recovered quickly as a wave of migrants from China arrived for refuge from the ongoing

Communist Party.[26] Many corporations in Shanghai and Guangzhou also shifted their operations to Hong Kong.[26]

As textile and manufacturing industries grew with the help of population growth and low cost of labour, Hong Kong rapidly industrialised, with its economy becoming driven by exports, and living standards rising steadily.

Special Economic Zone of the PRC, and established Hong Kong as the main source of foreign investment to China.[29] With the development of the manufacturing industry in southern China beginning in the early 1980s, Hong Kong's competitiveness in manufacturing declined and its economy began shifting toward a reliance on the service industry, which enjoyed high rates of growth in the 1980s and 1990s, and absorbed workers released from the manufacturing industry.[30]

With the lease of the New Territories due to expire within two decades, the governments of Britain and China discussed the issue of Hong Kong's sovereignty in the 1980s. In 1984 the two countries signed the

handover ceremony at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre.[26]

Hong Kong's economy was affected by the

mainland China economy, and its relationship with the PRC government in areas such as democratic reform and universal suffrage.[32]

Etymology

The name "Hong Kong" is an approximate phonetic rendering of the

Pearl River, or to the incense factories lining the coast to the north of Kowloon which was stored around Aberdeen Harbour for export, before the development of Victoria Harbour.[33] In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking was signed, and the name Hong Kong was first recorded on official documents to encompass the entirety of the island.[35]

References

  1. ^ This is the official convention employed on the Chinese text of the Hong Kong regional emblem, the text of the Hong Kong Basic Law, and the Government of Hong Kong Website, although "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" and "Hong Kong" is also accepted.
  2. Traditional Chinese characters are the long-established de facto standards in Hong Kong. See also: Bilingualism in Hong Kong
  3. ^ "Hong Kong". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d "Hong Kong". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
  5. ^ "Human Development Report 2009 - Gini Index". United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
  6. ^ "Hong Kong, China (SAR)". United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
  7. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. While the names of most cities in the People's Republic of China are romanised into English using Pinyin, the official English name is Hong Kong rather than the pinyin Xianggang. See: Pronunciation of Hong Kong
  8. ^ a b "Geography and Climate, Hong Kong" (PDF). Census and Statistics Department, The Government of Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved 10 January 2007.
  9. ^ "The World's Most Competitive Financial Centers - Slideshows - CNBC.com". www.cnbc.com. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
  10. ^ "Heritage". DiscoverHongKong. Retrieved 9 July 2008.
  11. ^ Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong, 19 December 1984, The Government of the People's Republic of China declares that to recover the Hong Kong area (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, hereinafter referred to as Hong Kong) is the common aspiration of the entire Chinese people, and that it has decided to "resume" the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997.
  12. ^ "On This Day: 1997: Hong Kong handed over to Chinese control". BBC. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
  13. ^ "Population by Ethnicity, 2001 and 2006". Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Government. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
  14. ISBN 0-600-61532-4
    .
  15. ^ Triennial Central Bank Survey (April 2007), Bank for International Settlements.
  16. ISBN 0313308691
    .
  17. ^ "Basic Law, Chapter IV, Section 4". Basic Law Promotion Steering Committee. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
  18. ^ a b "Sino-British Joint Declaration". Retrieved 8 September 2008.
  19. ^ "Right of Abode in HKSAR — Verification of Eligibility for Permanent Identity Card". Immigration Department. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
  20. ^ T. L. Tsim, "The Other Hong Kong Report 1989, Page 383". Chinese University Press, 1989, ISBN 9622014305. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
  21. ^ CIA gov. "CIA." HK GDP 2004. Retrieved on 2007-03-06.
  22. ^ "The Trial Excavation at the Archaeological Site of Wong Tei Tung, Sham Chung, Hong Kong SAR". Hong Kong Archaeological Society. 2005-04-29. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  23. ^ The Treaty of Nanking is currently earliest record available with the name "Hongkong" (香港) on it.
  24. ISBN 0813328365
    .
  25. ISBN 0521524032
    .
  26. ^
    ISBN 9627283134
    .
  27. ^ "Thousands March in Anti-Japan Protest in Hong Kong". The New York Times. 18 April 2005. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
  28. ^ Moore, Lynden (1985). The growth and structure of international trade since the Second World War‎. p. 48.
  29. ^ Shang-Jin Wei (January 2000). "Why Does China Attract So Little Foreign Direct Investment?" (PDF). National Bureau of Economic Research. pp. 6–8. Retrieved 10 November 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  30. ISBN 1557756724. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help
    )
  31. ^ "Links between SARS, human genes discovered". People's Daily. 16 January 2004. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
  32. ^ The Economist Economic Unit (2 January 2008). "Hong Kong politics: China sets reform timetable". The Economist.
  33. ^
    ISBN 0786422483
    .
  34. ISBN 9622175112.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  35. ^ Fairbank, John King. Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.
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