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The succession to the Crown of the United Kingdom is determined by the
Concomitantly, British history provides several opportunities for alternative claimants to the Crown to arise, and historical scholars have on occasion traced to present times the heirs of those alternative claims (although such historical speculation necessarily assumes that all parties involved would still have married the same people and had the same children).
Throughout this article, the names of the historical monarchs appear in bold and the names of "would-have-been" monarchs are in italics.
Abdication of Richard II
Alternate Succession of Royal Houses Descendants of Lionel of Antwerp Map of Succession |
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House of Plantagenet |
Edward III • Richard II |
House of Mortimer |
Edmund I |
House of Plantagenet (Reunion) |
Richard III • Edward IV |
Had Edmund inherited instead, the alternative succession would have been short-lived, for it re-united with the historical crown when
- Edward III of England
- Edward, the Black Prince, first son of Edward III
- Richard II of England, second son of Edward, the Black Prince
- Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, third son (second son to survive infancy) of Edward III
- Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Ulster, only child of Lionel
- Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, first son of Philippa
- Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, first son of Roger
- Anne de Mortimer, first daughter, third line of Roger
- Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, only son of Anne
- Edward IV of England, first son of Richard
The Plantagenet Succession
Richard III, the last Plantagenet king, was killed in 1485 and Henry Tudor claimed the English throne by right of conquest. This was unassailable in law but rather weak in practice, and Henry married Edward IV’s eldest daughter to consolidate his position. Even so, rival claims and threats of rebellion or invasion continued up to at least 1523.
Henry was not himself of the House of Lancaster - its last member, Henry VI, died in 1471 - but Henry claimed to be its heir. This was rather a dubious claim since his great grandfather was debarred from the succession by Henry IV and there were other people with what may have been better claims, but only George, Duke of Clarence appears to have put himself forward and he died in 1478 leaving only a three year old son.
After Henry VI's death in 1471, the House of York had a firm grip on the crown, but by 1485 when Richard was killed they had been riven by accusations of bigamy, illegitimacy and treason. Edward IV's sons were presumed to be dead and only one Plantagenet male was left alive, and he was attainted; however there were plenty of other possible claimants and some of these tried to press their claims.
The map of succession shows those with the best claims in 1471 (House of Lancaster) and 1485 (House of York), and helps make sense of different alternative lines of succession discussed later. Unquestioned illegitimate descent is shown by dashed lines; all of these were later legitimized. Each of the individual claimants, the basis of their claim and their descendants is discussed below.
The Plantagenet Claimants - Map of Succession
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Elizabeth of York
In 1485 there had never been an English queen regnant and there is no suggestion that Elizabeth had any claim in her own right. Furthermore, she was debarred from the succession by Titulus Regius. Henry VII revoked Titulus Regius and married Elizabeth, partly so that their sons would have the legitimacy of descent through the House of York.
George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence
This line’s claim to the Crown is based upon the
Alternative Succession of Royal Houses Descendants of George, Duke of Clarence[1] Map of Succession |
---|
House of Plantagenet |
George I • Edward V |
House of Pole |
Henry VII • Henry VIII |
House of Hastings |
Henry IX • George II • Henry X • Ferdinando • Theophilus I • George III • Theophilus II • Francis I |
House of Rawdon |
Francis II • George IV • Paulyn • Henry XI |
House of Clifton |
Charles |
House of Huddleston |
John II |
House of Lord |
Michael • Simon |
The current descendant of this line is Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun. The line of succession is as follows:
- Richard, 3rd Duke of York
- Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, first son of George
- Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, second daughter, fourth line of George
- Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu, first son of Margaret
- Henry Pole, second son of Henry
- Catherine Hastings, first daughter, third line of Henry, 1st Baron Montagu
- Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon, first son of Catherine
- George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon, second son of Catherine
- Francis Hastings, first son of George
- Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon, only son of Francis
- Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon, oldest son of Henry
- Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon, only son of Ferdinando
- George Hastings, 8th Earl of Huntingdon, second son of Theophilus
- Theophilus Hastings, 9th Earl of Huntingdon, third son of Theophilus
- Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of Huntingdon, first son of Theophilus, 9th Earl
- Elizabeth Rawdon, 16th Baroness Botreaux, only daughter, second line of Theophilus, 9th Earl
- Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, first son of Elizabeth
- George Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Marquess of Hastings, eldest legitimate son of Francis
- Paulyn Rawdon-Hastings, 3rd Marquess of Hastings, first son of George
- Henry Rawdon-Hastings, 4th Marquess of Hastings, second son of George
- Edith Rawdon-Hastings, 10th Countess of Loudoun, first daughter, third line of George
- Charles Rawdon-Hastings, 11th Earl of Loudoun, first son of Edith
- Paulyn Francis Cuthbert Rawdon-Hastings, second son of Edith
- Edith Maud Abney-Hastings, 12th Countess of Loudoun, first daughter, third line of Paulyn
- Ian Huddleston Abney-Hastings, Lord Mauchline, only son of Edith
- Barbara Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun, first daughter, second line of Edith
- Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun, eldest son of Barbara
- Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun, eldest son of Michael
Note: The list of succession (right) excludes females from the crown. The precedent for female inheritance of the Crown would not have been set had George, Duke of Clarence inherited the crown. The principle that a woman could reign was only laid down by
Descendants of John of Gaunt
Alternate Succession of Royal Houses Descendants of John of Gaunt after 1485 Map of Succession |
---|
House of Plantagenet-Beaufort |
Charles I • Henry VII • William III • Edward VI • Henry VIII • Edward VII • Henry IX • Henry X • Charles II • Henry XI • Henry XII • Henry XIII • Henry XIV • Henry XV • Henry XVI • David |
The noble Beaufort family are descended in the male line from king
- Edward III of England (1312–1377), reigned from 1327.
- John of Gaunt (1340–1399), third son
- John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1373–1410), legitimised son
John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, was the first of the four illegitimate children of
In 1396, after his parents' marriage, John and his siblings were
- Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1406–1455), son (the title was elevated to "Duke")
- Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (1436–1464), son
In 1485, King
- Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester (c. 1460–1526), legitimised son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, grandson of 1st Earl and Joan Hill. Elevated to Earl of Worcester in 1514.
- Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester (c. 1495–1548), only legitimate son of the 1st Earl
- William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester (d. 1589), eldest son of the 2nd Earl
- Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester (1553–1628), only son of the 3rd Earl
- Henry Somerset, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Worcester (1577–1646), eldest son of the 4th Earl, was a noted Cavalier, created Marquess in 1643
- Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester (1601–1667), eldest son of the 1st Marquess, was an inventor
- Restoration
- Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (1684–1714), grandson
- Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (1707–1745), eldest son of the 2nd Duke, died without issue
- Charles Noel Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort (1709–1756), second and youngest son of the 2nd Duke
- Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort (1744–1803), only son of the 4th Duke
- Henry Charles Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort (1766–1835), eldest son of the 5th Duke
- Henry Somerset, 7th Duke of Beaufort (1792–1853), eldest son of the 6th Duke
- Henry Charles FitzRoy Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort (1824–1899), only son of the 7th Duke
- Henry Adelbert Wellington FitzRoy Somerset, 9th Duke of Beaufort (1847–1924), eldest son of the 8th Duke
- Henry Hugh Arthur FitzRoy Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort (1900–1984), only son of the 9th Duke, died without issue, at which point his two Baronies fell into abeyance.
- David Robert Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort (b. 1928), great-grandson of Rt. Hon. Lord Henry Richard Charles Somerset, second son of the 8th Duke. Present Duke of Beaufort.
Heir apparent:
The Marquess of Worcester's heir apparent: Henry Robert FitzRoy Somerset, Earl of Glamorgan (b. 1989), his eldest son
Research by Leicester University in relation to the Exhumation of King Richard III in 2012
It was reported in early 2013 that the investigations by
"They basically turned up in all the British colonies. We knew that there would be one or two on the male line, but even I was a little surprised with how many we actually got." - Dr. Turi King, Project Geneticist, University of Leicester[7]
- ^ a b Channel 4 - History - Britain's Real Monarch
- ^ Professor A.L. Rowse Bosworth Field and the Wars of the Roses (Macmillan: 1966) 166
- ^ "Pollard, Albert Frederick (1901). Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 158, 159. . In
- ^ Armitage-Smith 196-199
- ^ Lundy, Darryl. "John de Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset". The Peerage.
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: External link in
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- ^ Pollard 158
- ^ Leicester Mercury, "Richard III: How the vital DNA evidence came together", 05.02.13, retrieved 07.02.13