Veterinary virology

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
See also: Animal virus
Bluetongue virus

Veterinary virology is the study of viruses in non-human animals. It is an important branch of veterinary medicine.

Rhabdoviruses

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the prototypical rhabdovirus

vesicular stomatitis virus and potato yellow dwarf virus that are of public health, veterinary, and agricultural significance.[1]

Foot-and-mouth disease virus

Picornaviridae family and is the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. It is a non-enveloped, positive strand, RNA virus. FMDV is a highly contagious virus. It enters the body through inhalation.[2]

Pestiviruses

Pestiviruses have a single stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. They cause Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhea(BVD). Mucosal disease is a distinct, chronic persistent infection, whereas BVD is an acute infection.[3]

Arteriviruses

simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV).[4]

Coronaviruses

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. They infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. They are the cause of a wide range of diseases in cats, dog, pigs, rodents, cattle and humans. Transmission is by the faecal-oral route.[5]

Toroviruses

vertebrates and include Berne virus of horses and Breda virus of cattle. They cause gastroenteritis in mammals, including humans but rarely.[6]

Influenza

Influenza is caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae and affects birds and mammals.

Avian influenza

Main article: Avian influenza

Wild aquatic birds are the natural hosts for a large variety of influenza A viruses. Occasionally viruses are transmitted from this reservoir to other species and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics.[7]

Swine influenza

Main article: Swine influenza

Bluetongue virus

Reoviridae family causes serious disease in livestock (sheep, goat, cattle). It is non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus. The genome is segmented.[8][9]

Circoviruses

Circoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses. There are two genera: gyrovirus, with one species called chicken anemia virus; and circovirus, which includes porcine circovirus types 1 and 2, psittacine beak and feather disease virus, pigeon circovirus, canary circovirus, goose circovirus.[10]

Herpesviruses

avian infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek's disease), cattle (bovine malignant catarrhal fever), dogs, goats, horses, cats (feline viral rhinotracheitis), and pigs (pseudorabies).[11]
Infections may be severe and may result in fatalities or reduced productivity. Therefore, outbreaks of herpesviruses in livestock cause significant financial losses and are an important area of study in veterinary virology.

African swine fever virus

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells and is the only member of the Asfarviridae family. The virus causes a lethal haemorraghic disease in domestic pigs. Some strains can cause death of animals within as little as a week after infection. In other species, the virus causes no obvious disease. ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs and warthogs.[12]

Retroviruses

Retroviruses are established pathogens of veterinary importance. They are generally a cause of cancer or immune deficiency.[13]

Flaviviruses

louping ill virus.[14]

Paramyxoviruses

rinderpest virus (cattle). Some paramyxoviruses such as the henipaviruses are zoonotic pathogens, occurring primarily in an animal hosts, but also able to infect humans.[15]

Parvovirus

nm in diameter.[16]

Parvoviruses can cause

myocardium is seen in puppies infected between the ages of three and eight weeks.[17]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-12-375144-7
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  2. ISBN 978-0-12-375144-7
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  3. ISBN 0-12-511340-4
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  4. ISBN 978-0-12-375144-7
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  5. ISBN 978-0-12-375158-4
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  6. PMID 11444035
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  7. ISBN 978-0-12-375158-4
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  8. ISBN 978-0-12-375158-4
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  9. ISBN 978-0-12-375144-7
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  10. ISBN 978-0-12-375144-7
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  11. ^ "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  12. ISBN 978-0-12-375158-4
    .
  13. ISBN 978-0-12-375158-4
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  14. ISBN 978-0-12-375144-7
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  15. ISBN 978-0-12-375158-4
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  16. ISBN 978-1-4051-3645-7
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  17. ISBN 0-12-253056-X
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