Westmoreland Parish

Coordinates: 18°14′N 78°09′W / 18.233°N 78.150°W / 18.233; -78.150
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Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica
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Westmoreland
Wesmolan
Parish
Carmel Moravian Church
Carmel Moravian Church
Westmoreland in Jamaica
Westmoreland in Jamaica
CountryJamaica
CountyCornwall
CapitalSavanna-la-Mar
Area
[1]
 • Total807 km2 (312 sq mi)
 • Rank8
Population
 (2019)[2]
 • Total149,857
 • Density190/km2 (480/sq mi)

Westmoreland is the westernmost

Cornwall. The chief town and capital is Savanna-la-Mar. Negril
, a famous tourist destination, is also situated in the parish.

History

The earliest inhabitants of Westmoreland were the

Arawak and Ciboney Indians.[3] The Ciboney were first to arrive, from the coast of South America, around 500 BC.[4] Known as "cave dwellers", they lived along the cliffs of Negril. The labyrinth of caves and passageways beneath what is now the Xtabi
Hotel in Negril are one of the first known settlements of Ciboney Indians in Jamaica.

Christopher Columbus stopped at what became Westmoreland on his second voyage when he landed in Jamaica. One of the first Spanish settlements was also built at present-day Bluefields in this parish.

The English took over the island from Spanish rule in 1655. Colonists named the parish Westmoreland in 1703, for it was the most westerly point of the island. In 1730, Savanna-la-Mar, a coastal port, was designated to replace Banbury as the capital of the parish. A fort was built in the 1700s to defend the port against pirates. Today it is one of the historic sites of the parish.

In the mid-18th century, Westmoreland was, acre for acre, one of the most profitable territories, not only in Jamaica, but throughout the British empire. The plains of Westmoreland were densely populated with sugar plantations, and by the time of

Tacky's War Westmoreland had about 15,000 slaves labouring on more than 60 sugar plantations, many of them owned by leading men of the island, such as William Beckford and Arthur Forrest.[5]

The name Westmoreland appears to stem from Dr

Westmoreland Regiment of Foot from 1784. This British regiment was officially on the island from 1802 to 1813[6] but the name appears to pre-date this, for John Drummond refers to his "Westmoreland estate" in his will of 1793.[7]

In 1938,

Norman Washington Manley
, emerged as political leaders during this time.

Geography

Westmoreland has an area of 807 square kilometres (312 sq mi), making it Jamaica's eighth-largest parish. Westmoreland's population of 144,817 is made up of a large percentage of ethnic East

indentured laborers who came to Jamaica from India to work after Britain abolished slavery in 1834 and the demand for labor remained high. Many intermarried with people of African descent, and their multi-racial descendants are known locally as "half indian
".

There are over 40 square kilometres (10,000 acres) of morass land, the largest part of which is called the Great Morass. This contains plant and animal material collected over centuries. The morass can be mined as peat, an excellent source of energy. The marsh serves as a natural and unique sanctuary for a wide variety of Jamaican wildlife and birds. The remaining area consists of several hills of moderate elevation, and alluvial plains along the coast.

Numerous rivers run through the parish. The Cabaritta River, which is 39.7 km long, drains the George's Plain and can accommodate ships weighing up to eight tons. Other rivers include the Negril, New Savanna, Morgan's, Gut, Smithfield, Bowens, Bluefields, Robins, Roaring, Great and Dean.

The westernmost tip of the island,

Negril Point, is the site of the Negril Lighthouse
.

Education

Westmoreland is home to several secondary schools include Manning's School, Frome Technical High School, Grange Hill High School, and others.

Commerce

As a result of the fertile plains, the parish thrives on

pimento, honey, rice, and breadfruit. Pastoralism is also practised; the rearing of cattle, horses, and mules, as well as fishing—there are 19 fishing beaches with over 90 boats engaged in the industry. Manufacturing is the third largest sector. Manufactured items include food and drink, tobacco, animal feeds, textile
and textile products.

Hanover),[8] Poinciana Beach Resort and Negril Beach Club.[9] There are[when?] another 200+ resorts and 200+ bars and restaurants.[citation needed
]

Attractions

See also

Mount Charles, a large hill in Westmoreland Parish.

References and sources

References
  1. ^ "Parish Profile: Westmoreland - Jamaica Information Service".
  2. ^ "Population by Parish". Statistical Institute of Jamaica. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  3. ^ IIWINC. "Arawak and Taino in Jamaica - Caribya!". jamaica-guide.info.
  4. ISBN 9780761417859
    – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Vincent Brown, Tacky's Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2020), pp. 164-5.
  6. ^ "Military Regiments locations in Jamaica - 1". www.jamaicanfamilysearch.com.
  7. ^ "Will and genealogy of Dr. John Drummond". www.jamaicanfamilysearch.com.
  8. Directorate of Overseas Surveys
    1:50,000 map of Jamaica sheet A, 1959
  9. ^ "Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!". www.wikimapia.org.
Sources

External links

Media related to Westmoreland Parish at Wikimedia Commons

18°14′N 78°09′W / 18.233°N 78.150°W / 18.233; -78.150

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