Xinjiangtitan

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Xinjiangtitan
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic, 164.6 
Ma
↓
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Clade: †Sauropoda
Family: †Mamenchisauridae
Genus: †Xinjiangtitan
Wu et al., 2013
Type species
†Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis
Wu et al., 2013

Xinjiangtitan (

sauropod that lived during the Middle Jurassic of what is now Xinjiang, northwestern China. Its type and only species is Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis (Chinese: 鄯善新疆巨龙; pinyin: Shànshàn Xīnjiāngjùlóng), known from a single incomplete skeleton recovered from the Qiketai Formation
. The holotype preserves one of the most complete vertebral columns of any sauropod found in Asia, and has the longest complete neck known for any animal.

Discovery

The

titan, giant in Greek mythology. The specific name, shanshanesis, is derived from an alternative name for the county where it was found, Shanshan, named after the ancient Shanshan Kingdom. The specific name is occasionally misspelled as "shanshanensis" or "shashaensis", which are invalid spellings even though the correct form would indeed have been "shanshanensis" rather than shanshanesis, as the Latin suffix "-ensis" meaning "from", was used to create the name. Continued excavation of the type specimen revealed that the neck and tail were nearly complete.[1]

Fossils

Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis is known from a single specimen, the holotype SSV12001, which consists of a nearly complete vertebral column preserved in articulation, as well as a partial skull, partial pelvis, and most of the left hind limb.[1] The neck, of which all 18 vertebrae are present, is nearly 15 meters long and is the longest complete neck ever discovered of any animal.[2] The vertebral column is overall among the most complete of any sauropod specimen from Asia.[1] The cervical[1] and dorsal vertebrae[3] have been described in detail. The specimen was originally reported as being from the Qigu Formation (Late Jurassic), but it was subsequently considered to be from the Qiketai Formation (Middle Jurassic).[4]

Description

Size comparison

Xinjiangtitan was one of the longest known sauropods, measuring 30–32 metres (98–105 ft) long and weighing up to 40 metric tons (44 short tons).[5][6] Xinjiangtitan was diagnosed based on the following traits: the presence of a ventral keel on the penultimate cervical centrum that forms a small semicircular process under the distal articular facet; both cervical vertebrae are relatively elongated; the sacricostal yoke except the first sacral rib; and an extremely robust femur. The series of dorsal vertebrae has a length of 3.72 m (12.2 ft). The thighbone is 1.65 m (5.4 ft) long, and the tibia is 0.98 m (3.2 ft) long.[5] Its long neck is measured at least 14.9 m (49 ft) in length.[1]

Phylogeny

Restoration

Among sauropods, a

diplodocids, including prominent ambiens process of pubis, relatively short hind limb and fourth trochanter on the femur that is caudomedially developed.[5]

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 91680936
    .
  2. ^ a b Wedel, Matt (2021-01-28). "Xinjiangtitan has the longest preserved neck of any lifeform to date". Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02.
  3. ^
    S2CID 254532485
    .
  4. ^
    S2CID 135213577
    .
  5. ^
    doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2013.03.002
    .
  6. ^ Paul, Gregory S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 2nd Edition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 207.
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