Xyleborus glabratus

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Xyleborus glabratus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Family: Curculionidae
Genus: Xyleborus
Species:
X. glabratus
Binomial name
Xyleborus glabratus
Eichhoff, 1877

Xyleborus glabratus, the redbay ambrosia beetle, is a type of

redbay, sassafras, and avocado.[1][2]

Distribution

Xyleborus glabratus is native to Asia, including India, Japan, Myanmar, and Taiwan.

Atlantic Coastal Plains, ranging from eastern Texas and Arkansas to North Carolina, and in 2019 they were found in Kentucky and Tennessee.[5]

Identification

Adult

Lateral view of a female Xyleborus glabratus. Length: 2.2 mm.
Elytral declivity of a female Xyleborus glabratus beetle.

The female redbay ambrosia beetle is a small (2.1 to 2.4 mm long), black or amber-brown, cigar-shaped beetle. The dorsal surface is mostly hairless and shiny when compared to other ambrosia beetles.

elytra.[7]

Larvae and pupae

The larvae of the beetle are similar in appearance to others of the group, developing as a white and legless "worm" with an amber-colored head capsule.[7] The pupae are whitish, exarate (with free appendages), and similar in size to the adult.[8]

Biology

The redbay ambrosia beetle is believed to originate from Asia or southeast Asia.

mycangia at the base of each mandible.[citation needed
]

Larval development time takes from fifty to sixty days.[1] Studied populations increase steadily in size until late summer and early fall without distinct population peaks, leading researchers to believe that there are overlapping generations with year-round reproduction for the insect.[1]

History of expansion

The redbay ambrosia beetle can spread in at least two ways: one is via the beetle's natural reproduction and migration. A second way is through the sale and transport of beetle-infested wood, a result of redbay's use as firewood and for outdoor grilling.[9]

The beetle was first detected in the United States in 2002, in Port Wentworth, Georgia.[4][6] It has been suggested that this insect was introduced to the country on the wood of packing crates.[10] The significance of these detections became apparent when the beetle was linked to and identified as the vector of laurel wilt, a fungal disease that had been killing large numbers of redbay trees.[11] The fungus grows throughout the xylem of the tree, preventing the flow of water and nutrients throughout the plant. Death can occur from four to eleven weeks after inoculation.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 18767737
    .
  2. ^ "Laurel Wilt". Gallery of Pests. Don't Move Firewood. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  3. ^ a b Ellis, A.M.; Hodges, A.C.; Mayfield III, A.E. "Xyleborus glabratus". BugwoodWiki. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health at the University of Georgia. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  4. ^ a b Rabaglia, R. (2005). "Exotic Forest Pest Information System for North America. Xyleborus glabratus".
  5. ^ USDA Forest Service. "Distribution of Counties with Laurel Wilt". Southern Forest Health. Southern Regional Extension Forestry. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  6. ^
    S2CID 85760478
    .
  7. ^ a b Rabaglia, R. (2008) [2003a]. "Exotic Forest Pest Information System for North America: Xyleborus glabratus". North American Forest Commission.
  8. S2CID 85794442
    .
  9. ^ "Disease Killing Redbay Trees Makes First Appearance in Mississippi" (PDF). Mississippi Department of Agriculture. 12 August 2009.
  10. ^ Haack, R.A. (2003). "Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of entry: 1985–2000". Integrated Pest Management Reviews 6: 253–282 (2001).
  11. PMID 30769391
    .
  12. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2008)91[485:aotrab]2.0.co;2
    .

External links
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