Yohl Ikʼnal
Lady Yohl Ikʼnal | |
---|---|
Ajaw | |
Queen of Palenque | |
Reign | 23 December 583 – 7 November 604 |
Predecessor | Kan Bahlam I |
Successor | Ajen Yohl Mat |
Born | Before 583 Palenque |
Died | 7 November 604 Palenque |
Burial | |
Spouse | Janahb Pakal (possibly her son instead) |
Issue | Ajen Yohl Mat Janahb Pakal (possibly her husband instead) Lady Sak Kʼukʼ |
Father | Kʼan Joy Chitam I or Kan Bahlam I |
Religion | Maya religion |
Signature |
Yohl Ikʼnal[N 1] (Mayan pronunciation: [johl ikʼnal]), also known as Lady Kan Ik and Lady Kʼanal Ikʼnal, (died 7 November 604) was queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Palenque. She acceded to the throne on 23 December 583, and ruled until her death.[N 2][1]
Family
Yohl Ikʼnal was a grandmother or great-grandmother of
She was the first female ruler in recorded Maya history and was one of a very few female rulers known from Maya history to have borne a full royal title.[4] She must have come to the throne due to extremely unusual circumstances, the details of which have not survived.[5] She was the one of two women to have ruled Palenque, second was her daughter or granddaughter Sak Kʼukʼ and was likely to have been either the sister or, more likely, the daughter of Kan Bahlam, who left no male heir. Her husband or her son was Janahb Pakal.[6]
Reign
During the reign of Yohl Ikʼnal, Palenque suffered an important defeat by Calakmul, one of the two great Maya powers of the Classic Period.[7] The battle took place on 23 April 599 but Yohl Ikʼnal reigned for several years more and died in 604.[8] After the defeat, Palenque apparently maintained its political identity but Yohl Ikʼnal probably had to pay tribute to the ajaw of Calakmul.[9] There are indications that either Yohl Ikʼnal or her successor successfully rebelled against Calakmul's dominance before 611.[10]
Archaeologist
Notes
- ^ The ruler's name, when transcribed is IX-(Y)O꞉L-la IKʼ-NAL-la, translated as "Lady Heart of the Wind Place".
- ^ These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Acceded: 9.7.10.3.8 9 Lamat 1 Muwan and Died: 9.8.11.6.12 2 Eb 20 Keh, using the GMT+2 correlation and the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
Footnotes
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp. 139–142. Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 459. Skidmore 2010, p. 39.
- ^ Skidmore 2010, pp. 56–57. Webster 2002, p. 132.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 139. Drew 1999, p. 264.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 139. Martin & Grube 2000, p. 159. Drew 1999, p. 264.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 139.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 238. Martin & Grube 2000, p. 159. Skidmore 2010, pp. 56–57.
- ^ a b Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 140.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp. 140–142.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 142.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, p. 144.
- ^ Stuart & Stuart 2008, pp. 177, 180. Skidmore 2010, pp. 56–57.
References
- OCLC 43401096.
- OCLC 47358325.
- OCLC 57577446.
- Skidmore, Joel (2010). The Rulers of Palenque (PDF) (Fifth ed.). Mesoweb Publications. p. 39. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
- OCLC 227016561.
- Webster, David L. (2002). The Fall of the Ancient Maya: Solving the Mystery of the Maya Collapse. London: OCLC 48753878.