1304–1305 papal conclave
Papal conclave 1304–05 | |
---|---|
Dates and location | |
July 1304 – June 1305 Perugia Cathedral | |
Key officials | |
Dean | Giovanni Boccamazza |
Camerlengo | Teodorico Ranieri |
Protodeacon | Matteo Rosso Orsini |
Elected pope | |
Raymond Bertrand de Got Name taken: Clement V | |
The 1304–1305 papal conclave was initiated after the death of
Cardinal electors
In 1304, Rome was in disorder due to the ongoing conflict between the Colonna and the Orsini. As soon as Holy Week was over, Benedict XI withdrew to Perugia to escape the violence; he died in Perugia that summer, probably of dysentery. As the Curia had accompanied the Pope, the conclave was held in the city where he died.[2]
Of the 19 living cardinals, only 15 were present in the conclave. Exactly 10 of these, constituting the minimum two-thirds necessary, voted for Bertrand de Got, who became Clement V. Two other cardinals, Giacomo and Pietro Colonna (uncle and nephew), had been deposed by Pope Boniface VIII and were thus ineligible to participate in the election; their cardinalates were subsequently restored by Clement V.[3]
Elector | Diocese | Cardinalatial order and title
|
Elevated | Elevator | Other ecclesiastical titles | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giovanni Boccamazza | Rome | Cardinal-bishop of Frascati | 1285, December 22 | Honorius IV | Dean of the College of Cardinals | nephew of Pope Honorius IV |
Teodorico Ranieri | Orvieto | Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina | 1298, December 4 | Boniface VIII | Camerlengo | |
Leonardo Patrasso | Guarcino | Cardinal-bishop of Albano | 1300, March 2 | Boniface VIII | Nephew of Boniface VIII | |
Pedro Rodríguez | Spanish | Cardinal-bishop of Sabina | 1302, December 15 | Boniface VIII | Legate in Sabina | |
Giovanni Minio da Morrovalle , O.F.M.
|
Marche | Cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina | 1302, December 15 | Boniface VIII | Former minister general of the Order of Franciscans (1296-1304) | |
Niccolò Alberti , O.P.
|
Prato | Cardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri | 1303, December 18 | Benedict XI | ||
Robert de Pontigny, O.Cist. | French | Cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana | 1294, September 18 | Celestine V | Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals
|
Former Superior General of the Cistercian Order (1294) |
Gentile Partino, O.F.M. | Guarcino | Cardinal-priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti | 1300, March 2 | Boniface VIII | Grand penitentiary
|
Nephew of Boniface VIII |
Walter Winterburn , O.P.
|
English | Cardinal-priest of S. Sabina | 1304, February 19 | Benedict XI | ||
Napoleone Orsini Frangipani
|
Rome | Cardinal-deacon of S. Adriano | 1288, May 16 | Nicholas IV | Archpriest of the Liberian Basilica
|
Nephew of Pope Nicholas III |
Landolfo Brancaccio | Neapolitan | Cardinal-deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria | 1294, September 18 | Celestine V | ||
Guglielmo de Longhi | Bergamo | Cardinal-deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | 1294, September 18 | Celestine V | Former Chancellor to Charles II of Naples | |
Francesco Napoleone Orsini | Rome | Cardinal-deacon of S. Lucia in Orthea (Silice) | 1295, December 17 | Boniface VIII | ||
Francesco Caetani | Anagni | Cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin | 1295, December 17 | Boniface VIII | Cardinal-nephew | |
Luca Fieschi | Genoese | Cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata | 1300, March 2 | Boniface VIII | Nephew of Adrian V and grand-nephew of Innocent IV |
Absentee cardinals
All four cardinals left early as a result of illness.
Elector | Diocese | Cardinalatial order and title
|
Elevated | Elevator | Other ecclesiestical titles | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jean Le Moine
|
French | Cardinal-priest of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro | 1294, September 18 | Celestine V | ||
Matteo Rosso Orsini | Rome | Cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Portico | 1262, May 22 | Urban IV | Vatican Basilica ;Cardinal-protector of the Order of Franciscans |
Nephew of Pope Nicholas III |
Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi | Rome | Cardinal-deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro | 1295, December 17 | Boniface VIII | Nephew of Boniface VIII | |
Riccardo Petroni | Siena | Cardinal-deacon of S. Eustachio | 1298, December 4 | Boniface VIII |
Politics
The Sacred College of Cardinals was divided into two factions: pro-French and anti-French ("Bonifacians"). The smaller, pro-French party counted six cardinals under the leadership of cardinals
At the time of his election de Got was Archbishop of Bordeaux, and thus a subject of Edward I, King of England (who had recently conquered Normandy), although he was a childhood friend of Philip IV of France ("the Fair").[1]
Sources
One eyewitness to the conclave was Florentine historian Giovanni Villani (Hist. Florent., VIII, 80, in Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, XIII, 417; cf. Raynaldus, Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici, 1305, 2-4).[1]
Aftermath
The cardinals besought de Got upon his election to join them in
Philip IV immediately demanded of Clement V that the memory of
Between 1305 and 1309, Clement V moved from
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Adams, John P., "July 7, 1304 — June 5, 1305", Sede Vacante, CSUN
- ^ Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "Papal elections of the 14th Century (1303-1394)".
- ^ G. Mollat, p. 3; K. Dopierała, p. 233. It is worth to adnote that two cardinals Orsini, in spite of their familiar relations, led the opposite factions.
- ^ A. Piazzoni, p. 205
- ^ K. Dopierała, p. 233
- ^ G. Mollat, p. 3
- ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Orsini". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2019-06-17.
Bibliography
- G. Mollat. 1963. The Popes at Avignon 1305-1378. London.
- (in Polish) K. Dopierała. 1996. Księga papieży. Pallotinum, Poznań.
- (in Polish) A. Piazzoni. 2003. Historia wyboru papieży. Wyd. M, Kraków