Pope Nicholas IV

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Celestine V
Orders
Consecration1281
Created cardinal12 March 1278
by Nicholas III
Personal details
Born
Girolamo Masci

30 September 1227
Lisciano, Kingdom of Naples
Died4 April 1292(1292-04-04) (aged 64)
Rome, Papal States
Previous post(s)
Coat of armsNicholas IV's coat of arms
Other popes named Nicholas

Pope Nicholas IV (

Latin: Nicolaus IV; 30 September 1227 – 4 April 1292), born Girolamo Masci, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 February 1288 to his death, on 4 April 1292. He was the first Franciscan to be elected pope.[1]

Early life

Jerome Masci (Girolamo Masci) was born on 30 September 1227 at Lisciano, near

Franciscan minister general, even though he was absent at the time, only then returning with the Byzantine delegates from the embassy to Constantinople.[6]

Jerome was the associate of

Minister General.[8]

In 1278 Jerome was made

cardinal bishop of Palestrina by Pope Martin IV.[10]

Pontificate

Papal conclave

After the death of

Franciscan pope and chose the name Nicholas IV in remembrance of Nicholas III, who had made him a cardinal.[10]

New cardinals

Given the considerable losses to the numbers of the Sacred College in 1286 and 1287, it is not surprising that Nicholas IV quickly proceeded to fill vacancies. What is surprising is that he did not even reach the number of cardinals who were alive under Honorius IV, let alone exceed it. On 16 May 1288, he named six new cardinals: Bernardus Calliensis, Bishop of Osimo (who died in 1291), Hugues Aiscelin (Seguin) de Billon, OP, of the diocese of Clermont in the Auvergne;[14] Matthew of Aquasparta in Tuscany, minister general of the Franciscans since 1287; Pietro Peregrosso of Milan, the vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church; Napoleone Orsini; and Pietro Colonna.[15]

Nicholas IV issued an important constitution on 18 July 1289, which granted to the

cardinals one-half of all income accruing to the Holy See and a share in the financial management, thereby paving the way for that independence of the College of Cardinals
which, in the following century, was to be of detriment to the papacy.

Actions

Further information: Rabban Bar Sauma, Franco-Mongol alliance, and Europeans in Medieval China § Diplomatic missions to Europe

In regard to the question of the Sicilian succession, as feudal suzerain of the kingdom, Nicholas annulled the treaty, concluded in 1288 through the mediation of

king of Sicily after the latter had expressly recognized papal suzerainty, and in February 1291 concluded a treaty with Kings Alfonso III of Aragon and Philip IV of France looking toward the expulsion of James from Sicily.[10]

In 1288 Nicholas met with the Nestorian Christian Rabban Bar Sauma from China.

In August 1290 he granted the status of studium generale to the university that King Denis of Portugal has just founded a few months earlier in the city of Lisbon.[16]

The loss of

John of Monte Corvino,[1] to labour among the Bulgarians, Ethiopians, Mongols, Tatars and Chinese
.

Death

Nicholas IV died in Rome on 4 April 1292, in the palace which he had built next to the Liberian Basilica (S. Maria Maggiore). He was buried in the

Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.[17] His epitaph reads: "Here lies Nicolas IV son of St. Francis" (Hic requiescit / Nicolaus PP Quartus / Filius Beati Francisci).[18]

Taxatio

The 1291–92

Taxatio he initiated, which was a detailed valuation for ecclesiastical taxation of English and Welsh parish churches and prebends, remains an important source document for the medieval period. An edition was reprinted by the Record Commission in 1802 as Taxatio Ecclesiastica Angliae et Walliae Auctoritate.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b McBrien, Richard P., Live of the Popes, p.226, Harper Collins, 2000
  2. ISBN 978-0195395365
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0199295814
    .
  4. ^ Marquardi Freheri, Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores editio tertia (curante Burcardo Gotthelffio Struvio) Tomus Primus (Argentorati: sumptibus Ioannis Reinholdi Dulsseckerii 1717), p. 605.
  5. ^ Luca Wadding, Annales Minorum IV second edition (edited by J. M. Fonseca) (Rome 1732), p. 345. Their instructions, drawn up by Pope Gregory, are printed at pp. 353-355.
  6. ^ Luke Wadding, Annales Minorum IV second edition (edited by J.M. Fonseca) (Rome 1732), p. 399 and 411.
  7. ^ August Potthast, Regesta Pontificum Romanorum II (Berlin 1875), nos. 21165, 21294-21295; 21310; and see A. Theiner, Caesaris S.R.E. Card. Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 22 (Bar-le-Duc 1870), under the year 1277, no. 47, p. 402.
  8. ^ Potthast, no. 21356.
  9. ^ Potthast, no. 21582.
  10. ^ a b c Weber, Nicholas. "Pope Nicholas IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 29 Jan. 2015. Conrad Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi I, editio altera, (Monasterii 1913), pp. 10, 37, 46; and cf. p. 206.
  11. ^ "Sede Vacante and Conclave of 1287-1288 (Dr. J. P. Adams)".
  12. ^ Judicia Dei abyssus in A. Theiner, Caesaris S.R.E. Card. Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under the year 1288, § 5; p. 25; V. Langlois, Registres de Nicolas IV I, pp. 1-3 no. 1 (February 23, 1288).
  13. ^ This is the story told by Heinrich of Rebdorf, in Marquardi Freheri, Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores editio tertia (curante Burcardo Gotthelffio Struvio) Tomus Primus (Argentorati: sumptibus Ioannis Reinholdi Dulsseckerii 1717), p. 605.
  14. ^ Hugues Aiscelin was Master of the Sacred Palaces, appointed either by Martin IV or Honorius IV: J. Catalano, De magistro sacri palatii apostolici (Rome 1751), pp. 62-63.
  15. ^ Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi I, editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 11.
  16. ^ The Papacy and the Rise of the Universities, Gaines Post, Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, Vol. 54, ed. William J. Courtney, Jurgen Miethke, Frank Rexroth and Jacques Verger, (Brill, 2017), 188.
  17. ^ A. Theiner, Caesaris S.R.E. Card. Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1870), under the year 1292, § 17, p. 123. Richard P. McBrien, Live of the Popes, 226. His sepulchral inscription is recorded by Vincenzo Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chiese di Roma XI (Roma 1877), p. 11, no. 6.
  18. ISBN 9788882713300
    .
  19. ^ The Taxatio Project Archived 2016-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, Humanities Research Institute, University of Sheffield

Bibliography

  • Otto Schiff, Studien zur Geschichte Papst Nikolaus' IV. (Berlin 1897) (Historiswche Studien 5).
  • Gustavo Parisciani, Nicolò IV, fra Girolamo Masci d' Ascoli, primo papa francescano. VII centenario del pontificato 1288-1292. (Ancona 1988).
  • Antonio Franchi, Nicolaus papa IV 1288-1292 (Girolamo d'Ascoli) (Ascoli Piceno 1990).
  • Giulia Barone, "Niccolo IV," Enciclopedia dei papi (Roma 2000) I, pp. 455–459.

External links

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Minister General

of the Order of Friars Minor
1274–1279 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Honorius IV
 Pope
22 February 1288 – 4 April 1292 		Succeeded by
Celestine V
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